chemsitry week 5 - honors chemistry9/18/16 2 cw 1. complete the worksheet as a group. raise your...

9/18/16

1

Chemistry Day 9

Monday, September 12, 2016

Do-Now Title: “BrainPOP: Atoms” 1.  Complete the do-now on the worksheet

provided. Do not turn over until instructed to do so.

Finished? Take out your planner and table of

contents.

Announcements •  Thisweek:

– UCLAinterns– Gradessubmi7edThursday!!

•  Tradeindojopoints!– 5points=Cardinalpoints,treat,orpen/pencil

– 15points=HWstamp– Mosteachquarter=mysteryprize

Planner: • Grades submitted this Thurs! • Ch. 4 Quiz Mon 9/19 • Unit test week of 10/3 (100 pts!)

Table of Contents #1: 14.  BrainPOP: Atoms

FLT •  I will be able to preview the main ideas

of atomic theory by completing BrainPOP: Atoms

Standard HS-PS1-8:DevelopmodelstoillustratethechangesinthecomposiOonofthenucleusoftheatomandtheenergyreleasedduringtheprocessesoffission,fusion,andradioacOvedecay

BrainPOP:Atoms• WatchtheBrainPOPvideo• A:erthevideo,answertheques>onsinyourgroup–everymembermustcopydownthesameanswer

• Thegroupwiththemostcorrectanswersà+5dojopointseach

h7ps://www.brainpop.com/science/ma7erandchemistry/atoms/

9/18/16

2

CW 1.   Completetheworksheetasagroup.Raiseyour

handwhenyouthinkyouhaveallanswerscorrect.Firstgrouptohaveallanswerscorrect=dojopoints!

2.   CompleteToCassignmentsorquietlyreadCh.4 Chemistry Day 9

Tuesday, September 13 – Wednesday, September 14, 2016

Do-Now Title: “Inquiry Demo” 1.  Write down today’s FLT 2.  What do you think atoms are? 3.  What do you think atoms are made of? 4.  Draw what you think an atom looks like. Label

your drawing. 5.  What tools do you think you would need in order

to discover or study atoms? 6.  Underneath your do-now, write “demo

observations and questions”

Finished? Take out your planner and table of contents.

Announcements •  Thisweek:

– Grades!•  Tradeindojopoints!• Makesureyou’redoingthefollowing:

– GeSngstamps– Retakinglowscores– Checkingtheweebly/remind– Checkingpowerschool

Planner: •  Finish Ch. 4 Review WS by Friday

Table of Contents #1: 15.  Inquiry Demo 16.  4.1 Cornell Notes 17. Ch. 4 Review WS

Demo • Materials:

9/18/16

3

Demo •  I’mgoingtotakeasponge,putsomerubbingalcoholonit,andthenputitinasealedglassjar

•  Iwillthenturnthejarupsidedownontopofsomedryice

•  Underneathyourdo-now,writeapredic>onaboutwhatyouTHINKwillhappen

Demo • Watchthedemo•  Ifyou’reclosetothedemo,youmustweargoggles

• Writedownwhatyouseehappeningorwhatyouthinkyouseehappening.Discusswithyourgroupifneeded.

Demo •  Now,writedownthreeques>onsyouhaveaboutthedemo.

Demo •  Discussyourques>onswithyourgroup.•  Decideasagroupwhichques>onisthe“best”orthemostinteres>ng,andeveryoneshouldwriteitontheirpaper.

• Whatdoyouthinkwesaw?

FLT •  I will be able to describe early ideas

about the atom by completing 4.1 Notes

Standard HS-PS1-8:DevelopmodelstoillustratethechangesinthecomposiOonofthenucleusoftheatomandtheenergyreleasedduringtheprocessesoffission,fusion,andradioacOvedecay

9/18/16

4

Notes Protocol • Title your notes & add assignment # • Complete Cornell-style • Copy down all bolded ideas • Noise level 0 • Raise hand to question/comment • Be prepared to pair-share-respond

Ch. 4 Notes

4.1: Defining the Atom

What is an Atom?

What is an Atom? •  Atom=thesmallestpar>cleofanelementthatretainsitsiden>tyinachemicalreacOon

•  Anatomisextremelysmall-whatwouldbeneededinorderforpeopletodiscoverit?

A history of the atom

•  AncientGreece:PhilosopherDemocritusdidnotdiscovertheatom,buthewasoneofthefirsttosuggesttheirexistence.

9/18/16

5

A history of the atom •  Democritusdescribedatomsasindivisibleandindestruc>ble.

•  Washecorrect?Couldhesupporthisideas?

•  !TherewasnoevidencetosupportDemocritus’ideas(yet)

John Dalton - 1776-1844 •  JohnDaltonwasachemistwhostudiedgases,pressure,andtheexistenceofatoms.

John Dalton - 1776-1844 •  JohnDalton=supportedDemocritus’ideawithscien>ficevidence.

•  Cameupwiththeearlyideasforatomictheory...

Dalton’s Atomic Theory 1.  All elements are composed of tiny

indivisible particles called atoms

Dalton’s Atomic Theory 2.  Atoms of the same element are identical.

The atoms of any one element are different from those of any other element.

Dalton’s Atomic Theory 3.  Atoms of different elements can mix or

combine in simple whole-number ratios to form compounds

9/18/16

6

Dalton’s Atomic Theory 4.  Chemical reactions occur when atoms are

separated, joined, or rearranged. Atoms of one element, however, are never changed into atoms of another element as a result of a chemical reaction.

Dalton’s Atomic Theory Note:Not all of Dalton’s ideas were correct...as we will see when we talk about modern atomic theory :)

How Can We Study Atoms? •  Atomscanbeseenusingextremelyhighpoweredmicroscopes,suchasscanningtunnelingmicroscopes.

4.1 Section Quiz 1. The ancient Greek philosopher credited with suggesting all matter is made of indivisible atoms is A. Plato B. Aristotle C. Democritus D. Socrates

4.1 Section Quiz 1. The ancient Greek philosopher credited with suggesting all matter is made of indivisible atoms is A. Plato B. Aristotle C. Democritus D. Socrates

4.1 Section Quiz 2.  Dalton’s atomic theory improved earlier atomic

theory by a.  teaching that all matter is composed of tiny

particles called atoms b.  theorizing that all atoms of the same element are

identical c.  using experimental methods to establish scientific

theory d.  Not relating atoms to chemical change

9/18/16

7

4.1 Section Quiz 2.  Dalton’s atomic theory improved earlier atomic

theory by a.  teaching that all matter is composed of tiny

particles called atoms b.  theorizing that all atoms of the same element are

identical c.  using experimental methods to establish scientific

theory d.  Not relating atoms to chemical change

4.1 Section Quiz 3.  Individual atoms are observable with a.  the naked eye b.  a magnifying glass c.  a light microscope d.  a scanning tunneling microscope

4.1 Section Quiz 3.  Individual atoms are observable with a.  the naked eye b.  a magnifying glass c.  a light microscope d.  a scanning tunneling microscope

Pair-Share-Respond 1. What is an atom? 2. What did Democritus believe? 3.  List the four parts of Dalton’s

atomic theory.

CW • Use your textbook to answer the Ch.

4 Review Worksheet questions. You • Ch. 4 begins on page 101 •  Finish at least the first page tonight • You may work on stamp sheet

assignments

Chemistry Day 10

Thursday, September 15 – Friday, September 16, 2016

9/18/16

8

Do-Now Title: “Atoms Kahoot!/4.2 S.A.” 1.  Write down today’s FLT 2.  Draw what an atom would look like according to

Democritus 3.  What did Dalton provide that Democritus did

not? 4.  Identify one way that both Dalton and

Democritus were mistaken about atoms 5.  List one part of Dalton’s atomic theory. 6.  Underneath your do-now, if you’re playing

Kahoot on your phone, write your initials. If you’re playing on paper, number 1-14.

Finished? Take out your planner and table of

contents.

Announcements •  ExpectprogressreportsMonday•  NextWednesday–BacktoSchoolNight6:30-8:00– Gym=Eng,Math– MediaCtr=VAPA,Language– Cafeteria=SocialSci,Science– CafeteriaService=PE/Dance

•  Don’thaveyourpowerschoollogin?– Seeanyteacher,counselor,orAPforyourlogininforma>on

Announcements • UnitTestwillcoverCh.1,13,4,and25• Wanttobeexemptfromsemesterfinals?– Maintaina70%+onyourtests– Nomissinglabs– Have4orfewerToCssignmentstotal

Planner: • Get ALL stamps – ToC due week of 9/26 •  Study ! Ch. 4 Quiz next week ☺

Table of Contents #1: 18. Atoms Kahoot/4.2 S.A. 19.  4.2 Notes WS

FLT •  I will be able to describe early atomic

models by completing 4.2 Notes

Standard HS-PS1-8:DevelopmodelstoillustratethechangesinthecomposiOonofthenucleusoftheatomandtheenergyreleasedduringtheprocessesoffission,fusion,andradioacOvedecay

Notes Protocol • Title your notes & add assignment # • Complete Cornell-style • Copy down all bolded ideas • Noise level 0 • Raise hand to question/comment • Be prepared to pair-share-respond

9/18/16

9

4.2: Structure of the Atom

What is an atom made of? •  As it turns out, atoms ARE divisible, as three

main subatomic particles were discovered: #  Protons

#  Abbreviation: p+

#  Neutrons #  Abbreviation: n0

#  Electrons #  Abbreviation: e-

Subatomic Particles •  Protons = •  Charge: +1 charge •  Location: particles found in the nucleus of an

atom •  Mass: Relative mass = 1

Subatomic Particles •  Neutrons = •  Charge: uncharged •  Location: particles found in the nucleus of an

atom •  Mass: Relative mass = 1

Subatomic Particles •  Electrons = •  Charge: -1 charge •  Location: particles found orbiting around the

nucleus •  Mass: Insignificant mass

How???? •  If atoms were so difficult to discover given their

tiny size, how were subatomic particles discovered??

9/18/16

10

What does this mean? •  What do we know about the two ends of

magnets? •  What happens when we push magnets close

together (two different things can happen)? Why?

The discovery of the electron... •  In 1897, J.J. Thomson discovered the electron •  He conducted experiments using electric currents

passing through gases at low pressure

The discovery of the electron... •  These electric currents produced a cathode

ray (a glowing beam) that traveled from the cathode (-) to the anode (+)

What does this look like?

In summary •  Because the movement of the stream was from

the cathode (negative end) to the anode (positive end), there must be some part of the atom that is NEGATIVELY charged

Protons & Neutrons •  1886: Goldstein performed a similar experiment

and observed that there were positively-charged particles traveling toward the cathode. These positive particles would later be called protons.

9/18/16

11

Protons & Neutrons •  1932: Chadwick

discovered the neutron. This particle was hard to discover because it is neutral, but it has a significant mass (about equal to a proton) that Chadwick studied.

Our Particles

Okay, so there are three particles... •  How did scientists figure out the atom’s

composition?

Developing Atomic Theory… •  Dalton thought atoms were

simply indivisible spheres •  plum pudding model: J. J.

Thomson thought there were just (+) and (-) particles scattered within an atom.

•  But then someone else discovered the nucleus...

Ernest Rutherford •  In 1911, Rutherford’s

experiments involved shooting a beam of POSITIVELY CHARGED alpha particles at a thin sheet of gold foil

•  He noticed that the vast majority of alpha particles passed through the foil easily.

•  However, there were a FEW particles that were DEFLECTED back (did not go through).

Rutherford’s Conclusions •  Most of the particles passed

through --> Most of an atom is empty space

•  A few (very few) particles were deflected back --> since the alpha particles are positive, there must be a tiny, dense, positively-charged center in an atom

9/18/16

12

Our atomic model so far... •  Atoms are composed of three main subatomic

particles: p+, n0, e- •  Protons and neutrons are located in the

nucleus of the atom, which is a very small, but dense (contains a LOT of mass in a small volume)

•  Electrons are VERY tiny, negatively charged, and orbit around the nucleus. They make up most of the VOLUME of the atom.

But of course... •  ...we still haven’t talked about modern atomic

theory and models yet :)

4.2 Section Quiz 1.  Which of the following is NOT an example of a

subatomic particle? a.  proton b.  molecule c.  electron d.  neutron

4.2 Section Quiz 1.  Which of the following is NOT an example of a

subatomic particle? a.  proton b.  molecule c.  electron d.  neutron

4.2 Section Quiz 2.  The nucleus of an atom consists of a.  electrons only b.  protons only c.  protons and neutrons d.  protons and electrons

4.2 Section Quiz 2.  The nucleus of an atom consists of a.  electrons only b.  protons only c.  protons and neutrons d.  protons and electrons

9/18/16

13

4.2 Section Quiz 3.  Most of the volume of the atom is occupied by

the a.  electrons b.  protons c.  protons and neutrons d.  neutrons

4.2 Section Quiz 3.  Most of the volume of the atom is occupied by

the a.  electrons b.  protons c.  protons and neutrons d.  neutrons

4.2 Section Quiz 4.  Which scientist discovered the neutron? a.  Chadwick b.  Dalton c.  Thomson d.  Rutherford

4.2 Section Quiz 4.  Which scientist discovered the neutron? a.  Chadwick b.  Dalton c.  Thomson d.  Rutherford

Pair-Share-Respond 1. Identify our three subatomic

particles – list their charge, mass, and location.

2. Explain what was missing from Thomson’s plum pudding model

3.  What were Rutherford’s two conclusions?

CW 1. Underneath your Kahoot/Do-Now,

answer questions 8-11, 13-14 on page 108

2. Stamps or study Ch. 4