cheas meeting. june, 2003department of meteorology, penn state university introduction welcome,...
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ChEAS meeting. June, 2003
Introduction
• Welcome, logistics.
• A brief history of the ChEAS.
• Scope of the ChEAS – participants, projects/funds, sites, measurements.
• Broader context – AmeriFlux, NACP, global flux network.
• Goals for this meeting
ChEAS meeting. June, 2003
Overall goals of the ChEAS• Understand northern forest-atmosphere carbon and
water cycles and how they respond to – Climate variability and change– Land use change
• Up-scale forest-atmosphere fluxes from chambers to forest stands, and from forest stands to all upper Midwest forests.
• Down-scale atmospheric measurements to derive fluxes for the upper Midwest forests.
• Evaluate regional fluxes with multiple methods, and interpret with understanding of the governing mechanisms. Guide the study of other regions.
ChEAS meeting. June, 2003
A brief history of the ChEAS• Unknown date in pre-history, U. Wisconsin begins
forestry research in the Chequamegon National Forest.• 1990 or so, NOAA-CMDL starts instrumenting tall
towers for trace gas measurements.• December 1991, Davis and Bakwin start talking in
Boulder, due to Michael Trolier and the Chemrawn VII meeting in Baltimore.
• 1994. NIGEC funds Bakwin and Davis for eddy flux measurements at WLEF. NOAA-funded CO2 measurements start in 1994. Flux measurements start in 1995. AmeriFlux takes shape ~ 1996(?).
ChEAS meeting. June, 2003
A brief history of ChEAS• 1997. Bolstad, Davis, Denning, Gower, Gutschick, and
MacKay (others?) all begin new projects in the Chequamegon region, all focused to some extent around the WLEF flux and mixing ratio measurements. Gower organizes a winter 1998 meeting at Kemp. ChEAS is born. Bakwin creates the acronym at this meeting.
• Past ChEAS meetings:– Kemp, February 1998.– St. Paul, May 1999.– St. Paul, June 2000.– Madison, June, 2001
• ChEAS RCN funded in early 2002.
ChEAS meeting. June, 2003
First ChEAS RCN workshop• August, 2002, Kemp – 5 days
(follow-up on interpretation of atmospheric CO2 mixing ratio measurements, Boulder, October 2002)
• Included tutorial lectures, hands-on experiments and demonstrations, research presentations and discussions of future research
• Gathered 25 participants, including 8 guests (6 presenting) and 8 graduate students. 11 institutions represented.
• Focus: Interannual variability in CO2 and H2O fluxes in northern temperate forests. Tutorials on multiple flux measurement methods.
ChEAS meeting. June, 2003
The Chequamegon Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (ChEAS)
Research Collaboration Network (RCN)
• Funded by the NSF’s Biological Sciences Directorate.
• 5 year project, started ~ January 2002.• Proposal written by Eileen Carey and Bruce
Cook. Initiated at the suggestion of Jim Ehleringer, U.Utah, at the 4th ChEAS meeting, Madison, WI, June, 2001.
ChEAS meeting. June, 2003
ChEAS RCN, continuedObjectives
– Provide multidisciplinary training and research opportunities to new scientists working across traditional boundaries in the fields of ecology, hydrology and atmospheric science.
– Promote the development of integrative research projects building upon the ChEAS infrastructure, especially those focusing on bridging the gap between leaf- and canopy-scale flux measurements and the global CO2 flask sampling network and understanding the causes of seasonal to interannual variability in forest-atmosphere exchanges.
– Promote data sharing.– Guide the future direction of ChEAS research.
ChEAS meeting. June, 2003
ChEAS RCN, continuedStructure• Steering group + about 20 “core participants” (=
research group leaders with research interests matching the objectives of the RCN). Open to new members.
• Workshops. 2002, 2004, 2006. Funds to bring in guest scientists and participating students and scientists. 2 week duration.
• ChEAS meetings, each year. 1-2 days.• Laboratory exchanges. Up to 5 visits/year, duration of
2 weeks to a few months.
ChEAS meeting. June, 2003
What/Who/Where is the ChEAS?Projects, sites, participants
• About 5-10 projects partly or wholly focused in the region have been ongoing since ~ 1997. At least 7 proposals are currently pending.
• Online documentation of the ongoing projects has not been very good.
• NOAA, NIGEC, DoE TCP, NASA Eosval, NSF Ecosystems and NSF/NCAR have provided funds.
• Research has often, but not always, focused around flux towers. 7 long term and 3 portable systems are currently operating.
ChEAS meeting. June, 2003
Theme PI Description Sites Funding
Atmospheric carbon cycle measurements and analysis, global, continental and regional.
Pieter Tans and Peter Bakwin, NOAA/CMDL
Tall tower CO2 and
trace gas measurements
Several across the U.S. including WLEF
NOAA OGP GCC
Pieter Tans and Peter Bakwin, NOAA/CMDL
Airborne CO2 and
trace gas profiling
Several across the U.S. including WLEF
NOAA OGP GCC
Paul Wennberg, UC Irvine
FTIR measurements of CO2 column
WLEF NASA
Kenneth Davis, PSU, and Scott Denning, CSU
Regional, seasonal atmospheric inversion study
ChEAS(2003) + an NACP study area (2004)
DoE TCP
Jim Ehleringer, Univ. Utah
Stable isotope observations, interpretation.
ChEAS, other BASIN sites around the globe.
GCTE
Britt Stephens, NCAR O2/N2 measurements,
interpretation
WLEF NSF
INTEX – N. America Airborne atmospheric chemistry project, 2004
ChEAS, east and west coast sites, continental transects
NASA (planning underway)
Steven Wofsy, Harvard
COBRA – airborne Lagrangian budgets
Many sites including WLEF
Multiple sources
Joe Berry, Carnegie Institute of Stanford
Regional carbon fluxes integrated by the ABL
Multiple sites. Focus on WLEF and ARM-CART towers.
NASA IDS
ChEAS meeting. June, 2003
Ecosystem-atmosphere flux measurements and ecosystem processes.
Paul Bolstad, U. Minnesota and Kenneth Davis, PSU
Multi-scale fluxes at 3 towers & related stands.
WLEF, Willow Creek, Lost Creek flux towers
DoE – AmeriFlux
Eileen Carey, U. Minnesota
Old growth chamber, plot and eddy covariance fluxes
Sylvania/Helen Lake (UP of Michigan)
DoE TCP
Jiquan Chen, Univ. Toledo
Forest age, structure, and impact on carbon balance
Western district of the Chequamegon, UP of Michigan
NSF Biological Sciences
Davis and Arthur, PSU; Mackay, SUNY; Ewers, U. Wyoming
Coupled water, CO2 and CH4 cycles in a northern forest.
WLEF/ChEAS NSF Biocomplexity
Jiquan Chen, Univ. Toledo
Relating CO2 and CH4 fluxes to land use and climate change
ChEAS/Chequamegon National Forest
NASA IDS
Remote sensing, modeling of ecosystem processes
S. Thomas Gower, U. Wisconsin
MODIS validation ChEAS, other BIGFOOT sites around the Americas.
NASA
Faith Ann Heinsch, U. Montana
BIOME-BGC real time modeling
ChEAS, other AmeriFlux sites
NIGEC Great Plains
G. James Collatz, NASA Goddard
Disturbance history, climate, and regional carbon fluxes
ChEAS, eastern VA, northern BOREAS
NASA IDS
Scott Mackay, SUNY Buffalo
Sap flux measurements, regional flux modeling
WLEF/ChEAS NASA IDS
ChEAS meeting. June, 2003
ChEAS long-term flux towersTower PIs Vegetation
TypeHeight of fluxes
Funding Start date
WLEF Bakwin, Bolstad, Davis
Mixed up/wet, decid/conif
30, 122 and 396m
DoE TCP 1995
Willow Creek
Bolstad, Davis
Mature upland decid
30m None at present
1999
Lost Creek Bolstad, Davis
Deciduous wetland
10m None at present
2000
Sylvania Carey, Davis Old growth upland
40m DoE TCP 2001
Bayfield A Chen Mature upland decid
30m? NSF Ecosystems
2002?
Bayfield B Chen Mature red pine
30m? NSF Ecosystems
2002?
UP site Chen Young jack pine
15m? ? ?
ChEAS meeting. June, 2003
Broader context – AmeriFlux, NACP, global flux network
• Analyses of multi-tower and multi-year flux datasets are becoming more common and more sophisticated. Evaluation of flux measurements with biometric data is becoming more routine.
• Interest in making AmeriFlux more like a functional network is growing.
• A midwest ag regional intensive for the NACP is likely. Other regional studies may be considered.
• Joint synthesis of flux and mixing ratio data is becoming a very active field of research.
ChEAS meeting. June, 2003
Goals of this workshop
• Identify scientific opportunities and needs.• Educate ourselves, especially grad students, about
these opportunities and needs.• Create a plan of action.• Examine our role in the NACP and the global flux
networks and act appropriately.• Identify new collaborators who can enhance
ChEAS.• Plan the 2004 ChEAS workshop and 2003-2004 lab
exchanges.
ChEAS meeting. June, 2003
Goals of the 1st ChEAS workshop, 2002
• Understand interannual variability in CO2 and H2O fluxes observed during ChEAS.
• Understand differences in fluxes observed among ChEAS research sites.
• Draft new papers and proposals following the results of our proceedings.– Includes renewals of WLEF and Willow/Lost Creek
projects, due to NIGEC on 3 September, 2002. Core projects. Both rejected!
ChEAS meeting. June, 2003
2002 workshop action items• Get locations/descriptions of Chen sites added to the
ChEAS web site/database.• Generate footprint models for NEE vs. GPP comparisons.
Not as critical for R vs. R comparisons, since soil properties vary less in space than LAI and species composition varies.
• Can someone monitor ChEAS phenology and pass the data on to M. Schwartz? Proposal rejected.
• Evaluate models of CO2 transport and mixing at diurnal, synoptic and annual time scales. Observational check of the TransCom models.– Progress. Hurwitz, Bakwin, Yi papers.
ChEAS meeting. June, 2003
2002 action items, continued• Use continental [co2] data in inverse models. 1999, 2000,
etc effort. Progess underway.• EDemographics and/or Biome-bgc runs of the towers,
ChEAS landscape. Recruiting colleagues.• Write a caterpillars paper. Progress, B Cook.• Nighttime NEE/R at WCreek puzzle. Analyze:
– Undercanopy R measurement– Daytime NEE to derive R – Chamber flux data– Nighttime above canopy R– Comparison to past literature – Progess: Many analyses; chamber flux experiment underway(?).
ChEAS meeting. June, 2003
2002 action items, continued• Lost Creek fluxes and water table paper.• Sylvania annual flux paper. Being drafted.• WLEF/WCreek/LCreek comparison work.• Why is WLEF a source of C? (Future effort with Chen
portable tower at aspen stand? 2002 wet = test of wetland hypothesis. Test harvest idea with back of envelope remaining C from harvest – 30% of biomass – and time scale of decay – approx 5 years – and area harvested.) Work underway.
• WLEF interannual variability. Paper outlined. Interpretation needs input from foresters.
ChEAS meeting. June, 2003
2002 action items, continued• Synoptic climatology of [co2] – connect Hurwitz and
Bakwin. • C biometry intercomparison for WCreek. • Whole canopy WUE and VPD responses vs. leaf-level
responses. • Determine age of respired C at sites (esp WLEF – drying
wetlands) plus respiration measurements at wetland margins. Proposals for wetland studies in.
• Canopy structure and elevation from airborne lidar. • Add someone interested in root growth, belowground
processes in general. Recruit among us?
ChEAS meeting. June, 2003
2002 action items, continued• Add someone interested in ecosystem demographics
and forest inventory across the entire ChEAS domain. • Enhance spatial remote sensing work to complement
added spatially distributed forest inventory analyses. Complement with spatially distributed ecosystem modeling. Address all of northern Wisconsin, or even the whole lake states region. Recruiting/proposals in preparation.
• Use changes in satellite data/land use over time to interpret regional fluxes in addition to FIA work. Proposal submitted.
ChEAS meeting. June, 2003
2002 action items, continued• Extend eddy covariance flux sampling (via
aircraft, Chen sites) and component flux sampling across the landscape to determine the representativeness of the WLEF and WCreek/LCreek sites, and answer the problems we are having in getting the Creeks and WLEF to agree via upscaling. Proposals, some rejected.
• Micromet study of possible 2-d transport. Ideas.• Do side by side measurements with a continuous
chamber flux system.
ChEAS meeting. June, 2003
2002 action items, continued• Increase temporal density of the soil respiration
measurements at a single forest stand to increase our ability to observe changes in the soil respiration vs. soil temperature and moisture relationships from year to year.
• Study of water dynamics and their impact on CO2 fluxes. Include methane emissions. Proposals in review.
ChEAS meeting. June, 2003
Needs and opportunities, 2003(?)• ChEAS is strong in flux measurement density and quality,
and inverse methods, but weak in upscaling, mechanistic interpretation of flux measurements, and data-model integration.
• Current puzzles in the flux data (carbon source, upscaling difficulty, interannual changes) are scientific opportunities.
• The ChEAS flux network and regional inverse study underway should be fully utilized. Unique scientific opportunities and relevance to NACP.
• Publication record is slow. We need to produce publications that take advantage of existing data and results.
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