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CHC Community Services Training Package Version 1
Learner guide
Version 1
Training and Education Support
Industry Skills Unit
Meadowbank
Product Code: 5767
CHCECE002
Ensure the health and safety of children
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CHCECE002 Ensure the health and safety of children
Unit code Unit name
© TAFE NSW (Training & Education Support, Industry Skills Unit Meadowbank) 2013
© TAFE NSW (Training & Education Support, Industry Skills Unit Meadowbank) 2012
Acknowledgments
TAFE NSW Training and Education Support Industry Skills Unit, Meadowbank
would like to acknowledge the support and assistance of the following people in
the production of this learner guide.
Writer Gael Stewart
Teacher, Early Childhood Education and Care
TAFE NSW
Reviewer Lisa Wallmeyer
Teacher, Child Studies
TAFE NSW
Project Manager Gail Horwood
A/Education Programs Manager
TAFE NSW
Enquiries
Enquiries about this and other publications can be made to:
Training and Education Support, Industry Skills Unit Meadowbank
Level 3, Building J,
See Street,
MEADOWBANK NSW 2114
Tel: 02-9942 3200 Fax: 02-9942 3257
Further acknowledgments
A considerable amount of the material in this learner resource has been
developed from the following TAFE NSW resources:
CHCCN301A Ensure the health and safety of children learner guide - version 2
(2012)
Anaphylaxis management online resource – version 2 (2013)
Asthma management online resource – version 1 (2013)
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© TAFE NSW (Training & Education Support, Industry Skills Unit Meadowbank) 2013
© TAFE NSW (Training & Education Support, Industry Skills Unit Meadowbank) 2012
Table of Contents
Introduction .................................................................................. 9
1. General introduction ............................................................................. 9
2. Using this learner guide ......................................................................... 9
3. Prior knowledge and experience ........................................................... 11
4. Unit of competency overview ............................................................... 11
5. Assessment ....................................................................................... 11
Section 1 - Support each child's health needs ............................. 17
Background introduction .......................................................................... 17
Supporting children’s health needs ........................................................... 18
Communicating with families about children’s health needs ......................... 18
Maintain confidentiality in relation to children’s individual health needs ......... 19
Administering medication ........................................................................ 19
Storage of medicines .............................................................................. 26
Poisoning............................................................................................... 28
Section summary ................................................................................... 29
Section 2 – Provide opportunities to meet each child’s need for sleep, rest and relaxation ............................................................ 31
Sleep, rest and relaxation times ............................................................... 31
Communicating with families around children’s sleep needs ......................... 32
Factors to consider when planning a positive rest environment for children .... 35
Safe sleep practices ................................................................................ 36
Children’s comfort needs ......................................................................... 39
Children’s dignity .................................................................................... 41
Section summary ................................................................................... 42
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Section 3 – Implement effective hygiene and health practices .... 43
Supporting children to learn personal hygiene practices .............................. 43
Main ways to prevent infection ................................................................. 45
Exclusion of ill children, educators and other staff ....................................... 49
Immunisation......................................................................................... 50
Additional strategies to stop germ spread .................................................. 53
Effective environmental cleaning .............................................................. 55
Hygienic nappy changing and toileting ...................................................... 58
Observing and responding to signs of illness and injury in children ............... 60
How to manage a child who is unwell ........................................................ 61
Injury ................................................................................................... 65
Section summary ................................................................................... 67
Section 4 – Supervise children to ensure safety .......................... 69
Ensuring correct educator to child ratios .................................................... 69
Effective supervising ............................................................................... 71
Exchanging supervision information with other staff .................................... 75
Special needs supervision ........................................................................ 75
Positive guidance techniques to educate children about safe behaviours ........ 76
Road safety ........................................................................................... 78
Section summary ................................................................................... 78
Section 5 – Minimise Risks .......................................................... 79
Safety checks ........................................................................................ 79
Use, storage and labelling of dangerous products ....................................... 84
Safe arrival and collection of children ........................................................ 86
Sun safety ............................................................................................. 89
Sun Protection ....................................................................................... 90
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Toy and equipment safety ....................................................................... 96
Offering children challenging play ........................................................... 102
Section summary ................................................................................. 104
Section 6 - Recognise and respond to allergy and anaphylaxis .. 105
The immune system ............................................................................. 105
Allergies and anaphylaxis ...................................................................... 105
Anaphylaxis awareness and prevention ................................................... 109
Managing anaphylaxis ........................................................................... 110
First aid treatment ................................................................................ 113
Legislation and regulations .................................................................... 115
Section summary ................................................................................. 117
Section 7 - Recognise and respond to asthma emergencies ...... 119
Understanding asthma .......................................................................... 119
Principles of asthma management .......................................................... 122
Asthma emergency first aid ................................................................... 128
Legislation and regulations .................................................................... 130
Section summary ................................................................................. 132
Answers to Activities ................................................................. 133
Section 1 ............................................................................................. 133
Section 3 ............................................................................................. 135
Section 4 ............................................................................................. 139
Section 5 ............................................................................................. 142
Section 6 ............................................................................................. 144
Reference List............................................................................ 147
Resource evaluation form .......................................................... 151
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Unit code Unit name
CHCECE002 Ensure the health and safety of children
Unit code Unit name Section 1 - Support each child's health needs
Background introduction
There is legislation in place to ensure that education and care services are healthy
and safe places for children. Assessment and Compliance Officers regularly visit
education and care services to ensure they are complying with various licensing
and regulating requirements under the National Quality Framework (NQF).
The NQF consists of:
a national legislative framework that includes - the Education & Care
Services National Act and the Education & Care Services National
Regulations
a National Quality Standard (NQS) consisting of 7 quality areas
a National quality rating & assessment process
a Regulatory Authority in each state and territory which approves
and monitors childhood education and care in accordance with the
National legislative framework and National quality standards.
Following is a link to the Australian Children’s Education and Care Quality
Authority (ACECQA) http://www.acecqa.gov.au/
ACECQA is the national body which oversees the NQF and ensures that education
and care services across Australia are of high quality
Embedded in this website are links to publications where you can view the laws
and standards which make up the NQF. It is these laws and standards that
services and educators need to be familiar with, because they contain all the
practical details needed to operate a safe and healthy environment for babies and
children. All education and care services must have health and safety polices
which comply with the NQF. This learning guide will make regular reference to
the NQF.
Because childhood is a vital period in a child’s learning and development,
reference will also be made to the national Early Years Learning Framework
(EYLF) and the My Time, Our Place Framework (MTOP). These frameworks
assist educators to provide opportunities for young children to maximise their
potential and develop a foundation for future success in learning. While it is
important that educators take steps to protect children and ensure their safety, it
is also important to teach children to develop safe practices. In this way, children
will be able to identify potential hazards or dangerous behaviour and understand
what the consequences might be. This learner resource includes the elements of
the EYLF – becoming, belonging and being as embedded in the Principles,
Practices and Learning Outcomes of the EYLF.
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Supporting children’s health needs
Children at home are often protected from many infectious diseases because they
do not come into contact with as many people as they will in an education and
care service. Those adults that they do come into contact with at home are
usually immune to many childhood illnesses because they would have had them
as a child or have been immunised against them. Many children pick up diseases
when they first commence education and care for the following reasons:
they may commence education and care when their immune systems are
still developing
they may be still too young to be immunised against some diseases
they will have close physical contact with other children and educators
through daily activities and play
they often put objects in their mouths
they may pick up germs spread by children not covering their coughs and
sneezes.
Education and care service providers and educators are required to follow strict
regulatory requirements to ensure the health and safety of all children who attend
the service. Following subheadings are best practice areas which assist in
compliance with regulatory requirements and support each child’s health needs.
Communicating with families about children’s health needs
Families that use education and care services place a high level of trust and
responsibility on educators. Families expect that when they are not present, their
children will be kept safe and their health and wellbeing will be protected.
Families also expect that educators will care for their children should they become
ill or injured and that educators will keep them informed about their child’s
wellbeing whilst at the service.
The Education and Care Services National Regulations 2011 states that we have a
legal obligation to inform families of any incident, injury, trauma, or illness as
soon as is practicable, but no later than 24 hours after the incident. When an
education and care service calls to notify a family or guardian that their child is
not well, educators need to be prepared with all the information necessary.
Educators need to give parents this information in a clear, concise and calm way.
Following are some points for you to consider when communicating with families
should you need to contact them about their child’s health needs:
1. be calm and professional.
2. reassure the parent as they may become very concerned. Explain that the
situation is being responded to by caring and capable staff.
3. be factual. Have an incident, injury, trauma and illness record form which
details the child’s symptoms.
4. your service will have a policy based on current legislation on injury, trauma
and illness - be guided by the policy and procedures.
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Unit code Unit name Maintain confidentiality in relation to children’s individual health needs
The National Quality Framework (NQF), national Early Years Learning Framework
(EYLF) and the My Time, Our Place (MTOP) Framework all ask educators to go
beyond traditional limited parent involvement to form ‘respectful supportive
relationships’ or ‘partnerships’. Forming a trusting partnership with families is
essential for providing quality education and care for children. The partnership
that forms between families and educators needs to be based on open, honest
and respectful communication. Therefore, it is important that any exchange of
health information in relation to children’s individual health needs is kept
confidential and respects the privacy of both the children and their family.
Confidentiality is a fundamental component of good quality education and care. It
safeguards the privacy of families and children, as well as promoting trust
between families and service providers. As we gain access to individual children’s
personal health information we need to take the following points into
consideration to ensure it remains confidential:
children’s health status, immunisation, external agency information,
custodial arrangements, incident records and medication records must
be stored securely where only educators can access them.
both hard copies such as paper files, and electronic information should
be securely stored. Additional security considerations for electronic
information include the location include computer passwords and use
of firewalls and security software.
ensure that all health information collected from parents or legal
guardians is not disclosed without the prior knowledge or consent from
the parent or guardian.
follow your service’s policy on the collection, storage, use, disclosure
and disposal of personal information. The policy will be based on laws
and standards.
conversations about children and their families must not be conducted
at the service in the presence of or be overheard by those not entitled
to know the information.
discussion of individual children’s health information outside of the
work related environment is also a breach of confidentiality.
Administering medication
Administering medication to children is a high risk practice and requires strict
adherence to safe practices. All education and care services must have a
Medication Administration Policy based upon the legislative requirements as set
out in the Education and Care Services National Regulations 2011. The safety
precautions that follow are based on these Education and Care Services National
Regulations.
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Checks and safeguards
According to Staying Healthy: Preventing infectious diseases in early childhood
education and care services (NHMRC 5th edn.) it is extremely important before
giving any medication to a child that educators check first that the child does not
have an allergy to the medicine and that there is family or guardian consent.
This includes prescription, over-the-counter and homeopathic medications.
In the case of an emergency, it is acceptable to obtain verbal consent from a
registered medical practitioner, or medical emergency service, if the child’s
parent or guardian cannot be contacted. In the case of an anaphylaxis or asthma
emergency, medication may be administered to a child without authorisation. In
this circumstance, the child’s parent and emergency services must be contacted
as soon as possible.
To ensure the best interests of children’s safety and wellbeing, educators must
only administer medication if:
it is in the original container with the dispensing pharmacy label
attached.
the label lists the child as the prescribed person, the strength of drug
and the frequency it is to be given.
This applies to all medications, regardless of whether they are non-prescription
medications (such as teething gels, nappy creams, cough medicines) or
prescription medications (such as antibiotics).
When you give medicine to others, extreme care should be taken, particularly
with children. Imagine what would happen if too much, too little or the wrong
medicine was given. Because of the high risk associated with administering
medication and because unwell children are usually excluded from education and
care services, administration of medicine is not common. Nevertheless, the
upmost care must be taken.
Remember
use hand hygiene measures before and after administering medication
Non-prescribed medications – Over the Counter medications (OTCs)
A common non-prescription medication given to children is liquid paracetamol.
All medication can come in different strengths and liquid paracetamol is no
different. It is important to always read the label. The label must show the
concentration of the medication, the dose instructions and the expiry date. The
dose instruction is usually represented as a table with the estimated weight of the
child and dose required for each age of child. Remember to read the warnings on
the bottle.
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CHCECE002 Ensure the health and safety of children
Unit code Unit name
A medication permission form may look something like this:
A form such as the one below should be used for both prescription and non-
prescription medication.
Administration of Medication Permission
No medication can be administered without child guardian permission
Activity 1.1 Following directions
Read the label on a bottle of children’s paracetamol.
Write down what it is used for, when and how often you can give it, the directions
of use and the cautions.
How much paracetamol do you give to a seven month old of average weight? A
one year old of average weight? A three year old of average weight? Note how
many milligrams of paracetamol for every kilogram of body weight for each of
these ages. Write down the doses in mls
7 month old:
1 year old:
3 year old:
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Date .................... Childs Full Name ..........................................................
Name of Medication ..................................................................................
Medical Practitioner/Pharmacist ..................................................................
Reason for Medication ...... ........................................................................
Date prescribed……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Expiry date of medication
Storage requirements
Dose of Medication to be given .................................................................
Route of administration ............................................................................
Time and date of last dose given ................................................................
I request that the above medication be given in accordance with the instructions
below. Please enter the date, dosage and time to be given in the table, and list
any detailed instructions in the space below, including route (e.g. oral, inhaler),
dose, (e.g. thin layer, number of drops/mL/tablets), before or after food.
Instructions:
Parents full name:
Signature: Date:
Date Dosage Time
to be
given
Time
actually
given
Signature of
staff
administering
medication
Signature of
staff cross
checking
medication
Comments
Medication comments
When a parent or guardian hands the medication and the permission form over,
educators must check all the details and the medicine itself before the parent or
guardian leaves, in order to save problems or misunderstandings occurring. What
is on the medication form must tally with what is on the label of the medicine.
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CHCECE002 Ensure the health and safety of children
Unit code Unit name Administration of medicine safety checks:
before medication is given to a child, educators should verify the correct
dosage, and the name of the child with another educator/staff member (in
family day care this may not be possible and the educator will need to
carefully check the correct dosage and the name of the child against the
Authority to Administer or Self Administer Medication form.). A check
should be made as to when the last dose was given.
after giving the medication, you need to complete the details on the
Authority to Administer Medication form.
two staff members must always be present – one who administers and one
who cross checks. Both staff members must sign the form.
where the medication requires administration via other than an oral route
or external application, only those educators/staff members who have a
current First Aid Certificate and have received specific instructions from a
health care professional, can administer the medication.
In the case of paracetamol make sure the child has not had a dose in the last four
hours. If a child requires panadol and he has not been in the early education and
care centre for the last four hours educators will need to ring his parents/carer to
check he has not had paracetamol at home. This will prevent any errors and
overdoses.
When you give any medication always check:
1. the label.
2. the expiry date.
3. the dose amount.
4. the medication.
5. the dose frequency.
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