characteristics of input in the first and second language

Fitriani

Fitri nurhayati

Roida elfrika sirait

Surya wikarta

Anindya prima

Annisa Solihah

Irwan badrul jaman

WHAT ARE THE

CHARACTERISTICS OF INPUT IN

EACH SETTINGS OF FL AND SL?

Input is defined as

"language which a learner hears or

receives and from which he or

she can learn”

FL SETTINGSNATURAL

SETTING

INSTRUCTIONAL

SETTING

TRADITIONAL

COMMUNICATIVE

Input…:

Is simple and comprehensible(Krashen)

Is degenerate(Miller and Chomsky 1963)

Is modified

contains ungrammaticalities and

disfluencies

underdetermines linguistic competence

should be slightly above the level of the

language learner (i+1).

Available in one to one interaction

Traditional setting

Input…:-Is used in the classroom/formal education

-is only to learn more about the rule of FLA

-comes from the teacher/caretaker

-mostly pay attention to the rule…

Communicative setting

-Input source is caretaker/teacher

-is just used to learn the rule

-is used in classroom/formal education

-is used in communicative process

SL SETTINGS

NATURAL

SETTING

INSTRUCTIONAL

SETTING

TRADITIONAL

COMMUNICATIVE

Input is…

Modified

“Unlimited”

Traditional Setting…

Input is…

1. Structurally simplified and sequenced

2. “Limited”

•Input is not always available

•Time of distribution of input from

the ‘source’ is limited

•Application of input is limited

Communicative Setting

Input is…:

1. Simplified and made comprehensible

2. “limited”

Especially in classroom:

There are still some errors

There are some error corrections

There is using of genuine questions

There are display questions

There is negotiation of meaning