characteristics and performance of power transmission lines
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S H O R T A N D M E D I U M T R A N S M I S S I O N L I N E S
Characteristics and Performance of Power Transmission Lines
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus.
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The topics covered in this lecture will be
To develop model for transmission lines of various lengths.
To calculate voltage and current in short, medium and long lines.
To understand the concepts of voltage regulation and efficiency in transmission lines
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus.
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At the end of this lecture you should be able to
Model transmission lines for calculating voltages and currents .
Understand the power flow between two ends of the of a transmission line.
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus.
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Transmission lines shall transmit power while satisfying the following requirement
Voltage should remain as constant as possible through the entire line length.
Lines losses should be as low as possible.
Line conductors should not overheat due the I2R losses.
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus.
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transmission lines are classified
Short line whose length is less than 80 km.
Medium line whose length is between 80 km and 250 km.
Long line whose length in more than 250 km.
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus.
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Nomenclature
r = line resistance/phase/unit length z=series impedance/length/phase y=shunt admittance/length/phase L = line inductance /unit length/phase C = line capacitance/ unit length/phase l=length of transmission line Z=zl=total series impedance/phase Y=yl=tottal shunt admittance/phase to neutral VR= phase voltage at the receiving end. IR = receiving current VS= phase voltage at the sending end IS = sending end current SR = three phase apparent power at receiving end SS = three phase apparent power at sending end.
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus.
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Short line Model and Representation
Capacitance of short lines is very small.
It is ignored in short lines without much error
It is represented by a series impedance , Z, which is given by
Z = (r + jωL)l
Where l= line length, ω = frequency
The impedance is written in terms of the total line resistance and line reactance as
Z = (R + jX )
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus.
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Short line model
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus.
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Short line model
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus.
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Two port network
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus.
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Voltage Regulation
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus.
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Efficiency
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus.
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Example
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus.
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Solution
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus.
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Solution
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus.
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S H O R T A N D M E D I U M T R A N S M I S S I O N L I N E S
Characteristics and Performance of Power Transmission Lines
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R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
Short Transmission line-Phasor Diagram17
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
Short Transmission line-Phasor Diagram18
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
Short Transmission19
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
Short Transmission20
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
Short Transmission21
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
Short Transmission22
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
Medium Line Model
Capacitance of medium lines is significant and can not be ignored.
Y = ( jwC )l
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R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
T- model 24
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
T- model 25
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
T- model 26
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
∏- model27
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
∏- model28
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∏- model29
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∏- model30
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Example-131
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
Solution32
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
Solution33
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
Solution34
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
Example-235
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
Solution36
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
Solution37
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
Solution38
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
Solution39
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
Example-340
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
Solution π
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R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
Solution42
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
Solution43
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
L O N G T R A N S M I S S I O N L I N E S
Characteristics and Performance of Power Transmission Lines
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R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
Long Transmission Line
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Long Transmission Line
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Long Transmission Line
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T- model :Long Transmission Line
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T- model :Long Transmission Line
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Long Transmission Line
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T- model :Long Transmission Line
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T- model :Long Transmission Line
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T- model :Long Transmission Line
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T- model :Long Transmission Line
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T- model :Long Transmission Line
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T- model :Long Transmission Line
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T- model :Long Transmission Line
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T- model :Long Transmission Line
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T- model :Long Transmission Line
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T- model :Long Transmission Line
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∏- model :Long Transmission Line
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∏- model :Long Transmission Line
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∏- model :Long Transmission Line
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∏- model :Long Transmission Line
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∏- model :Long Transmission Line
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∏- model :Long Transmission Line
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∏- model :Long Transmission Line
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R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
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R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
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Ferranti Effect
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Ferranti Effect
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Ferranti Effect
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Ferranti Effect
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Ferranti Effect
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Ferranti Effect
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Ferranti Effect
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Ferranti Effect
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Tuned Power Lines
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Example-1
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Example-1
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Example-2
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Solution
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
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Solution
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
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P O W E R F L O W T H R O U G H T R A N S M I S S I O N L I N E
Characteristics and Performance of Power Transmission Lines
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R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
Two bus system
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Sending and receiving end currents
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Sending and receiving end VA
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Sending and receiving end 3phase VA
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Real and reactive powers of both sending end and receiving end
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Maximum received power
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For Short transmission line
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R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
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R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
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Voltage control
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
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Voltage ratings of the various buses in the power systemwhich includes generating station buses, switchingsubstation buses, receiving substation buses anddistribution substation buses should be within thepermissible limits for satisfactory operation of allelectrical equipments.
The task of voltage control is closely associated withfluctuating load conditions and correspondingrequirements of reactive power compensation.
Therefore several voltage control methods are employedin power system to keep the voltage levels within thedesirable limits.
Voltage Control
R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
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R. Femi, Lecturer, EEE & I, BITS Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus.
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Reactive Power Injection
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Types of VAR Generators
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Static VAR generators Static capacitor bank
Dynamic VAR generators Synchronous condenser
Static VAR generator
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Rotating VAR generator
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Control by transformers
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Example-1
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Example-1
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Example-1
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Example-1
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Example-2
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