chapters 1 & 2 review multiple choice test # 1. which philosopher most clearly rejected the idea...

Chapters 1 & 2 Review

Multiple Choice Test # 1

Which philosopher most clearly rejected the idea that the mind is separable from the

body?

a. Plato

b. Socra

tes

c. Aris

totle

d. Desca

rtes

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1. a. Plato2. b. Socrates3. c. Aristotle4. d. Descartes

Compared with the structuralists, early behaviorists were much less likely to focus on the study of:

a. smilin

g.

b. scre

aming.

c. fighting.

d. thinkin

g.

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1. a. smiling.2. b. screaming.3. c. fighting.4. d. thinking.

3. Debates as to whether alcohol abuse is biologically determined or culturally

influenced are most relevant to the issue of:

a. natu

re versu

s nurtu

re

b. corre

lation versus c

au...

c. behavior v

ersus m

enta...

d. stru

ctura

lism ve

rsus f

...

0% 0%0%0%

1. a. nature versus nurture2. b. correlation versus

causation.3. c. behavior versus

mental processes.4. d. structuralism versus

functionalism.

Understanding why the fear of darkness may have contributed to the survival of our human ancestors is most relevant to

the ________ perspective.

a. behav

ioral

b. cognitive

c. evolutionary

d. psy

chodynamic

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1. a. behavioral2. b. cognitive3. c. evolutionary4. d. psychodynamic

Stacey suggests that because children are more impulsive than adults, they will

have more difficulty controlling their anger. Stacey's prediction regarding

anger management exemplifies

an hypothesis

.

b. the hindsig

ht bias.

c. ill

usory co

rrelation.

d. the fa

lse co

nsensu

s ef...

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1. an hypothesis.2. b. the hindsight bias.3. c. illusory correlation.4. d. the false consensus

effect.

Which method offers the most reliable way of assessing whether athletic performance is

boosted by caffeine consumption?

a. the su

rvey

b. the ca

se st

udy

c. th

e experim

ent

d. natu

ralistic o

bserva

tion

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1. a. the survey2. b. the case study3. c. the experiment4. d. naturalistic

observation

In an experimental study of the extent to which mental alertness is inhibited by sleep

deprivation, alertness would be the:

a. contro

l conditi

on.

b. independent v

ariable.

c. experim

ental condition.

d. dependent v

ariable

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1. a. control condition.2. b. independent variable.3. c. experimental

condition.4. d. dependent variable

Edward Titchener used the research method known as:

a. SQ3R.

b. psy

choanalys

is.

c. in

trosp

ection.

d. masse

d practice

.

e. natu

ral s

election

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1. a. SQ3R.2. b. psychoanalysis.3. c. introspection.4. d. massed practice.5. e. natural selection

Which school of psychology was most clearly concerned with the adaptive value of complex

mental processes

a Structu

ralis

m

b. behavioris

m

c. psy

choan

alysis

d. functi

onalism

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1. a Structuralism2. b. behaviorism3. c. psychoanalysis4. d. functionalism

Psychological theories:

a. orga

nize sc

ientific obs..

.

b. explain obse

rved facts

.

c. genera

te hyp

othese

s.

d. do all o

f the above.

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1. a. organize scientific observations.

2. b. explain observed facts.

3. c. generate hypotheses.

4. d. do all of the above.

Which research method runs the greatest risk of collecting evidence that may be

unrepresentative of what is generally true?

a. natu

ralis

tic obse

rvation

b. the ca

se st

udy

c. experim

entation

d. the su

rvey

0% 0%0%0%

1. a. naturalistic observation

2. b. the case study3. c. experimentation4. d. the survey

Surveys are most likely to indicate that reckless behavior and self-control are

a. independent v

ariables.

b. positi

vely co

rrelat

ed.

c. dependent v

ariables.

d. nega

tively co

rrelate

d

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1. a. independent variables.

2. b. positively correlated.3. c. dependent variables.4. d. negatively correlated

A tendency to notice and remember instances in which our premonitions of disaster are

subsequently followed by harmful events is most likely to contribute to:

a. random assi

gnment.

b. the hindsig

ht bias.

c. ill

usory co

rrelations.

d. the place

bo effect.

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1. a. random assignment.2. b. the hindsight bias.3. c. illusory correlations.4. d. the placebo effect.

Researchers control factors that might influence a dependent variable by means of:

A. random assi

gnment.

b. replic

ation.

c. natu

ralistic o

bserva

tion.

d. opera

tional definiti

ons.

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1. A. random assignment.2. b. replication.3. c. naturalistic

observation.4. d. operational

definitions.

In an experimental study of the effects of dieting on weight loss,

dieting would be the:

a. contro

l conditi

on

b. independent v

ariable.

c. opera

tional definiti

on.

d. dependent v

ariable.

e. place

bo

0% 0% 0%0%0%

1. a. control condition2. b. independent

variable.3. c. operational

definition.4. d. dependent variable.5. e. placebo

An axon transmits messages ________ the cell body and a dendrite transmits messages ________ the

cell body.

a. away fr

om; toward

b. away f

rom; a

way from

c. to

ward; a

way from

d. toward

; toward

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1. a. away from; toward2. b. away from; away

from3. c. toward; away from4. d. toward; toward

Depressed mood states are linked to ________ levels of serotonin and

________ levels of nor epinephrine.

a. low; lo

w

b. high

; high

c. lo

w; high

d. high

; low

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1. a. low; low2. b. high; high3. c. low; high4. d. high; low

A drug that blocks the reuptake of a particular neurotransmitter is called a(n):

a. opiat

e.

b. antagonist

.

c. gluta

mate.

d. agonist

.

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1. a. opiate.2. b. antagonist.3. c. glutamate.4. d. agonist.

The peripheral nervous system consists of:

a. asso

ciation are

as.

b. the sp

inal cord

.

c. th

e reticu

lar form

ation.

d. senso

ry and m

otor .

..

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1. a. association areas.2. b. the spinal cord.3. c. the reticular

formation.4. d. sensory and motor

neurons.

The autonomic nervous system most directly controls:

a. speech

producti

on.

b. thinkin

g and m

emory.

c. st

omach co

ntracti

ons.

d. move

ment of t

he arm...

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1. a. speech production.2. b. thinking and

memory.3. c. stomach

contractions.4. d. movement of the

arms and legs.

Research has suggested that a reward deficiency syndrome may contribute to

a. inso

mnia.

b. alco

holism.

c. sc

hizophre

nia.

d. Park

inson's

diseas

e.

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1. a. insomnia.2. b. alcoholism.3. c. schizophrenia.4. d. Parkinson's

disease.

In which of the following parts of the brain would a lesion most likely result

in aphasia

a. corp

us callo

sum

b. amygd

ala

c. hyp

othalamus

d. Wern

icke's

area

e. cere

bellum

0% 0% 0%0%0%

1. a. corpus callosum2. b. amygdala3. c. hypothalamus4. d. Wernicke's area5. e. cerebellum

Drugs that block the reuptake of serotonin will thereby increase the concentration of

serotonin molecules in the:

a. axon te

rminals.

b. synap

tic gaps.

c. glia

l cells

.

d. endocri

ne glands.

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1. a. axon terminals.2. b. synaptic gaps.3. c. glial cells.4. d. endocrine

glands.

In stressful situations, the sympathetic nervous system ________ the arteries of the circulatory

system and ________ the pupils of the eyes.

a. contra

cts; d

ilate

s

b. dila

tes;

contra

cts

c. co

ntracts

; contra

cts

d. dila

tes;

dilates

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1. a. contracts; dilates2. b. dilates; contracts3. c. contracts; contracts4. d. dilates; dilates