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TransactionsTransactions…
Operasi bisnis dasar seperti pesanan pelanggan, pesananpembelian, penerimaan, kartu waktu, faktur, dan cek gaji dalamsebuah organisasi
Transaction processing systems (TPS)
Melakukan operasi rutin dan berfungsi sebagai dasar untuk sistemlain
Batch vs. On-Line Transaction ProcessingTwo types of TPS:
Batch processing
Sebuah sistem dimana transaksi bisnis diakumulasi selamaperiode waktu dan siap untuk diproses sebagai satu kesatuanatau batch
On-line transaction processing (OLTP)
Sebuah sistem dimana setiap transaksi diproses segera, tanpapenundaan transaksi mengumpulkan ke batch
Perbedaan Pemrosesan Batch dan Online
UDINUS-FASILKOM
Karakteristik Pemrosesan Batch Pemrosesan Online
Pemrosesan
transaksi
Data transaksi direkam,
dikumpulkan, dan
diurutkan, dan diproses
secara periodis
Transaksi diproses
seketika
Pemutakhiran
berkas
Ketika tumpukan
diproses
Saat transaksi diproses
Waktu
tanggapan
Beberapa jam atau hari
setelah tumpukan
dikirim untuk diproses
Beberapa detik setelah
setiap transaksi
diproses
Tujuan dari TPS Data proses yang dihasilkan oleh dan tentang transaksi
Mempertahankan tingkat akurasi yang tinggi
Memastikan data dan informasi integritas dan akurasi
Menghasilkan dokumen tepat waktu dan laporan
Meningkatkan efisiensi tenaga kerja
Membantu memberikan peningkatan dan ditingkatkan layanan
Membantu membangun dan mempertahankan loyalitas pelanggan
Mencapai keunggulan kompetitif
Pengolahan Data Aktivitas Umum untuk TPS
Siklus pemrosesan transaksi
Pengumpulan data
editing Data
koreksi Data
Manipulasi data
Penyimpanan data
produksi dokumen
Source Data AutomationSource data automation
Proses menangkap data pada sumbernya dengan upaya manualminimal
Data dimasukkan langsung ke dalam komputer
Point-of-Sale Transaction Processing System
Customer’s
receiptInventorydatabase
Managementinformation
system
Exception
report
Purchasesdatabase
Scanner
Point-of-saletransactionprocessing
system
Itemdatabase
UPC andquantity
Item, quantity,date, time, price
UPC Price
UPC
Quantity,Date,time
Kontrol dan Masalah Manajemen Perencanaan Dimulainya Kembali Bisnis
The process of anticipating and providing for disasters.
Pemulihan Bencana
Pelaksanaan rencana bisnis dimulainya kembali.
Audit sistem pemrosesan transaksi
Pemeriksaan dari TPS dalam upaya untuk menjawab tiga pertanyaan dasar
Apakah sistem memenuhi kebutuhan bisnis?
prosedur dan kontrol apa yang telah ditetapkan?
Apakah prosedur dan kontrol yang benar digunakan?
Traditional TPS –Order Processing Order processing
Processing an order from entry to delivery, including traditional accounting transactions
Schematic
Customer
Order entry/sales configuration
Shipmentplanning
Routing
Scheduling
Shipmentexecution
Invoicing
Finishedproduct
inventory
Customer order in person or via
mail, phone, EDI, internet
OrdersPlanned
shipments
Planned
shipments
& routes
Pick list
Shipped orders
Inventory status
Products
Invoice
D1 Products/prices D2 Customer payment history
D3 New orders
D4 Back orders
D5 Rejected orders
3. Authorize
credit
2. Verify
product
numbers
& stock
on hand
1. Collect
order
info
4. Notify
customer
Customer
Back
ordersBack orders
Customer notification
Orders
Product numbers,
inventory levels
D6 Inventory
Products, price
information
Orders
Credit status
Open
orders
Rejected,
partly filled
orders
Rejected
orders
Order Processing Support Systems - Sales Configuration Sales configuration
Ensures that products and services ordered are sufficient to accomplish customer’s objectives and will work well together
Order Processing Support Systems - Shipment Planning Shipment planning
A system that determines which open orders will be filled and from which location they will be shipped
E.g., (from Figure 8.9)
LOC LINK ITEM NUMBER DESCRIPTION ORDERED SHIPPED BO
8 105 10 L1L16028
20 S8276
30 S8279
40
FASENTING TOOL
STAPLE ¾ INCH
STAPLE 1 INCH
SHIPPING CHARGE
3
15
15
EACH
CASE
CASE
3
15
12 3
Order Processing Support Systems - Shipment Execution Shipment execution
A system that coordinates the outflow of all products and goods from the organization, with the objective of delivering quality products on time to customers
Order Processing Support Systems - Inventory Control Inventory control
A system that updates the computerized inventory records to reflect the exact quantity on hand of each stock keeping unit
Status reports
Summarize all inventory items in stock, or shipped over a specified period of time
E.g., see Figure 8.10
Order Processing Support Systems - Invoicing Invoicing
Generates customer invoices based on records received from the shipment execution TPS
E.g., see Figure 8.11
Order Processing Support Systems - Customer Interaction System
Customer interaction A system that monitors and tracks each customer interaction with the company
Request
for
proposal
Sale
Problem, idea,
request for
information
Other
contacts
Market
research
Sales
Marketing
Quality
control
Product
development
Customer
interaction
system
Customer
Order Processing Support Systems - Routing and Scheduling Routing
A system that determines the best way to get goods and products from one location to another
Scheduling A system that determines the best time to deliver goods and services
Raw materials
Packing materials
Spare parts
Inventory control
Purchase order
processing
Receiving
Accounts
payable
Employees
Supplier
Inventory control
status report
Purchase
order
Material
Cheque
InvoiceReceiving
notice
Purchase
order
Purchase
order
request
Purchasing System Inventory control
Maintains stock of items such as raw materials, packing materials, spare parts, and supplies
Purchase order (P.O.) processing A system that helps purchasing department complete transactions quickly and
efficiently
Receiving A system that creates a record of expected and actual receipts Reconciles purchase orders with what is actually received
Accounts payable A system that increases an organization’s control over purchasing, improves cash flow increases profitability, and provides more effective management of current liabilities
Accounting System Accounting systems
Consist of…
Budget
Accounts receivable
Accounts payable
Payroll
Asset management
General ledger
Customer
Accounts
receivable
Asset
management
Accounts
payable
Payroll
BudgetCustomer
General
ledger
Time
cards
Paycheques
Labour costs
Expense
transactions
Asset depreciation
Amounts owed by company
Amounts paid by company
Cost of assetsPayments
Amounts owed by customers
Amounts paid by customers
Financial Systems -Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable
A system that manages the cash flow of the company by keeping track of the money owed the company on charges for goods sold and services performed
Financial Systems –Accounts Receivable Accounts receivable aging report
Tells managers what bills are overdue, either customer by customer or in a summary format
Financial Systems - Payroll Payroll…
Generates payroll checks and stubs, as well as W-2 statements at the end of the year for tax purposes
Financial Systems - Payroll Payroll journal
Helps managers monitor total payroll costs for an organization and the impact of those costs on cash flow
Financial Systems -Asset Management Asset management transaction processing system
A system that controls investments in capital equipment and manages depreciation for maximum tax benefits
Electronic Commerce (E-commerce) Business-to-business problems
Inadequate models
Integrating with existing systems
Improving relationships with suppliers, customers, distributors.
Consumer problems Wait for images to download
Security of credit information
Figuring out the ordering process
Currently a small part of all commerce
Buyer
1. Search and
Identify5. After sales
service
4. Product &
service
delivery
2. Selection
& negotiation
3. Purchasing
Traditional
delivery
Electronic
distribution
Buying Over the Internet
Prepare list of
items neededLog on to
internet
Access
supplier’s
home
page
Browse
supplier’s
catalog
Pick items
Fill out request
for quotation
form
Review response to request for quotation
Place order
Input sent to
supplier’s
order entry
system
Forecasted Volume of E-Commerce
Mode 1997 2000
Consumer $0.5 billion $7 billion
Business $8.0 billion $66 billion
Purchasing Products and Services Electronically Establish credit with suppliers
Secure E-commerce transactions
Secure financial transaction (SFT)
SET = “secure electronic transaction”
CyberCash
SET ‘Discussion’ (1)Short for Secure Electronic Transaction, a new standard that willenable secure credit card transactions on the Internet. SET hasbeen endorsed by virtually all the major players in the electroniccommerce arena, including Microsoft, Netscape, Visa, andMastercard.
By employing digital signatures, SET will enable merchants to verifythat buyers are who they claim to be. And it will protect buyers byproviding a mechanism for their credit card number to be transferreddirectly to the credit card issuer for verification and billing without
SET ‘Discussion’ (2)the merchant being able to see the number.
The first applications based on SET are expected appeared in 1998.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) ERP
Real-time monitoring of business functions
Advantages Eliminate costly, inflexible legacy systems
Provide improved work processes
Provide access to data for operational decision making
Upgrading technology infrastrucutre
Disadvantages Time consuming, difficult, expensive to implement
Make radical changes in how a company operates
Lack of vendor responsiveness in light of high demand
ERP ExamplesSoftware Vendor Name of Product
Avalon Software Avalon CIM
qad.inc MRG/PRO
Oracle Oracle Manufacturing
SAP America SAP R/3
Baan Triton
PeopleSoft PeopleSoft
J.D. Edwards World
Example of an ERP System - SAP/R3 Clients in the SAP system
Application servers in the SAP system
Business application programming interfaces (BAPIs)
Database server in the SAP systems
Objects in the SAP system
Repository
Tables
SAP Three-Tier Client/Server Architecture
Client
desktop
computers
Application
servers
Database
server
Business Application Programming Interface (BAPI)
Business
processes
BAPI
(public interface)
SAPsoftware
Standard
results
Results consistent with current
version of SAP software
Standard request
for data or processing
Request for data or processing consistent
with current version of SAP software
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