chapter 8 operating systems & utilitiesfaculty.pucit.edu.pk/fakhra/iit 2013/lecture notes/itc...
Post on 28-Apr-2018
220 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
1
CHAPTER 8
OPERATING SYSTEMS & UTILITIES
Chapter 8 Objectives
Identify the types of system softwareIdentify the types of system software
Describe the functions of anoperating system
Describe the functions of anoperating system
Discuss ways that some operatingsystems help administrators control a
network and administer security
Discuss ways that some operatingsystems help administrators control a
network and administer security
Explain the purpose of the utilitiesincluded with most operating systemsExplain the purpose of the utilitiesincluded with most operating systems
Linux, Unix, MAC operating systemsLinux, Unix, MAC operating systems
Identify various network operatingsystems
Identify various network operatingsystems
Identify devices that use several
embedded operating systems
Identify devices that use several
embedded operating systems
Explain the purpose of various
utility programs
Explain the purpose of various
utility programs
Next
A brief look at the new Windows Operating SystemWindows 2008 (Vista)
A brief look at the new Windows Operating SystemWindows 2008 (Vista)
2
System Software (OS & Utilities)
What is system software?
Nextp. 8.02
Operating system (OS)Operating system (OS)(sometimes called the(sometimes called the platformplatform))
coordinates all activitiescoordinates all activitiesamong computeramong computer
hardwarehardwareresourcesresources
Programs thatPrograms thatcontrol operationcontrol operation
of computerof computer
Two types areTwo types areoperating systemsoperating systems
and utility programsand utility programs
Operating Systems ( functions)
What are the functions of an operating system?
Nextp. 8.02 Fig. 8-1
monitorperformance
provide a user interface
provide filemanagement andother utilities
establish anInternet connection
control anetwork
administersecurity
start the computer manage programs
schedule jobs andconfigure devices
managememory
3
Operating Systems (Cross-platform apps)
What is a cross-platform application? (WordPerfect 14)
Nextp. 8.03
Operating System/Platform A
Operating System/Platform B
Operating System/Platform C
Operating System/Platform D
Application
Runs identically on multiple operating systems Operating system that computer uses is sometimes
called the platform
Operating Systems
Where is the operating system located?Resides on computer’s hard
disk in most casesMay reside on a ROM chip on
handheld computers
p.8.3
Next
Various operating systemsoften are not compatible
(Apple MACs vs PCs)
Some types ofcomputers may have
different operatingsystems
Different sizes ofcomputers typically
use differentoperating systems
4
Windows OS Users
Windows Vista 180 million copies sold (June 2008)Vista Service Pack 1 (SP1) [released in March 2008]Windows XP 335 million usersWindows 2000 100 million usersWindows (older versions) 15 million usersWindows 7 due out late 2009 (with touch screen
technology)Worldwide: 800 million users of Windows OS
Source: Washington Post, Page D-1, Nov 29, 2007
New CEO at Microsoft (as of July 1,2008)
Microsoft’s Ray Ozzie replaced Bill Gates as the leadman and chief software architect at Microsoft. Ozzieinvented Lotus Notes and Grove before selling it toMicrosoft for $120 million and he plans to leadMicrosoft into the online-services era which he calls“A time of great turbulence and potential change in the
industry.”
Source: Network World, Page 1, June 23,2008
5
Windows Key Improvements
Windows Vista
Greater security, revised user interface
Improved file search
Windows XP
Better hardware/software capabilities
Better wireless networking
Windows 2000
Greater reliability
Better tools for large network administration
Source: Washington Post, Page D-1, Nov 29, 2006
Windows Vista Requirements
A Windows Vista Premium Ready PC includes at least:1 GHz 32-bit (x86) or 64-bit (x64) processor.1 GB of system memory.40 GB of hard drive capacity with 15 GB free space.DVD-ROM Drive.Audio output capability.Internet access capability
6
Operating Systems (Cold & Warm boots)
What is booting?
Nextp. 8.04 Fig. 8-2
Cold bootTurning computeron after it hasbeen powered off
Warm bootRestartingcomputer that ispowered on
Ctrl-Alt-Delete
Or Press ResetButton
Warm boot from Windowsdesktop
Warm boot from system unit
Process of starting or restarting a computer
Operating System (Win XP Task Manager)
Using the Task Manager in Windows XP Press Ctrl-Alt-Delete buttons Press Task Manager button From the list, select a task to End or Switch to You may also Create a New task (under the File
tab in the Task Manager window)
7
Operating System Functions (Booting)
How does a personal computer boot up?
Nextp. 8.05 Fig. 8-4
Step 1. Power supplysends signal to com-ponents in system unit
Step 4. Results of POST arecompared with data in CMOS chip
Step 2. Processoraccesses BIOS to startcomputer
Step 3. BIOS runs tests,called the POST, tocheck components suchas mouse, keyboard,and adapter cards
Step 5. BIOS looks for system filesin floppy disk drive and then harddisk
Step 6. Kernel (core) of operatingsystem loads into RAM
Step 7. Operating system in memorytakes control of computer
Step 8. Operating system loadsconfiguration information anddisplays desktop on screen
Step 9. Operating system executesprograms in StartUp folder
Step 10. Click Start to display list ofapplications you can run
Memory resident• Remains in memory
while the computer isrunning
• The kernel ismemory resident
Operating System Functions
What is the kernel?The core of an operating system
Manages memory and devices Maintains the computers clocks Starts applications Assigns the computers resources, such
as devices, programs, data, andinformation
Each time you boot a computer, the kerneland other frequently used operatingsystem instructions are loaded Loading a file means the file is copied
from the hard disk to the computer'smemory
p.8. 4
Next
Nonresident• Instructions remain on
the hard disk untilthey are needed
• Other parts of theoperating system arenonresident
8
Step 7
Operating System Functions
p.8. 5 Fig. 8-4
Next
Registry
Several files that containthe system configuration
information
Registry is constantlyaccessed during thecomputer's operation
Regedit Editor
StartUp folder
Contains a list of programsthat open automatically
when you boot the computer
Managing Startup Programs Menu
You may use: MsConfigClick Start, click Run, Type in MsConfig, click OK,Click the Startup tab.Carefully uncheck the programs you do not want toload at system startup time.
9
Operating System Functions ( GU I )
What is a (graphical )user interface?
Nextp. 8.08 Fig. 8-6
command-line interface (DOS)
Controls how you enter data and instructions and howinformation displays on screen
Types: Command-Line, Menu-Driven, GUI
Operating System Functions (GUI)
What is a graphical userinterface (GUI)?
Nextp. 8.08 Fig. 8-7
User interacts withmenus and visualimages such as iconsand buttons
10
Foreground containsapplication you are using
Background containsprograms that arerunning but are notin use
Operating System Functions
What is single user/multitasking?
Nextp. 8.09 Fig. 8-8
Working on two ormore programs thatreside in memory atsame time
multipleprogramsrunning
all runningprocesses
Has duplicatecomponents such asprocessors, memory,
and disk drives
Enables two ormore users torun programssimultaneously
Continues tooperate when oneof its components
fails
Operating System Functions
What are other program management features ofoperating systems?
Nextp. 8.10
Can support twoor more processorsrunning programs
at same time
FaultFault--tolerant computerstolerant computersTandem NonStop (HP)Tandem NonStop (HP)
MultiuserMultiuser
MultiprocessingMultiprocessing
11
Operating System Functions
What is memory management?
Nextp. 8.10 Fig. 8-9
Step 1. Theoperating systemtransfers the leastrecently used dataand programinstructions to diskbecause memory isneeded for otherfunctions.
Step 2. Theoperating systemtransfers data andprogram instructionsfrom disk tomemory when theyare needed.
Optimizing use of random access memory (RAM) With virtual memory (VM), portion of hard disk is
allocated to function as RAM
Operating System Functions
What are some virtual memory terms?
p.8.10
Next
Swap file
The area of thehard disk used
for virtualmemory
Paging
The technique ofswapping items
between memoryand storage
Thrashing
When an operatingsystem spends much
of its time paging,instead of executingapplication software
Page (64KB)
The amount ofdata and programinstructions that
can swap at agiven time
12
Operating System Functions
How does an operating system schedule jobs?
Nextp. 8.11
Transferring itemsTransferring itemsbetween storagebetween storage
and memoryand memory
SendingSendinginformationinformation
to output deviceto output device
ProcessingProcessinginstructionsinstructions
Receiving dataReceiving datafrom input devicefrom input device
The OS adjusts schedulebased ona job’s priority
AA jobjob is an operationis an operationthe processor managesthe processor manages
OS tasks to be performed:
Operating System Functions
What is spooling?
Nextp. 8.11 Fig. 8-10
Sending print jobs to a memory or diskbuffer instead of directly to printer
Print jobs line up in a memory or diskqueue
13
Operating System Functions
What is a device driver?
Nextp. 8.12
DeviceDeviceDriverDriver
Program thatProgram thattells operating systemtells operating systemhow to communicatehow to communicate
with devicewith device
WithWith Plug and PlayPlug and Play,,operating systemoperating system
automatically configuresautomatically configuresnew devices as younew devices as you
install theminstall themAlso calledAlso called driverdriver
Operating System Functions
What is a device driver?
p.8.11
Next
Click to view Web Linkthen click Device Drivers
device driver
A small program that tells the operating system how to communicate with adevice
Also called a driver
Each device on a computer requires itsown specific driver
14
Operating System Functions
How do you install a device driver?
Nextp. 8.12 Fig. 8-11
Step 1. Open ControlPanel window. Point toPrinters and OtherHardware link.
Step 2. Click Printers andOther Hardware link. Pointto Add a printer link.
Step 3. Click Add aprinter link. Followon-screen instructions.
Step 4. Add PrinterWizard searches forPlug and Play printerson your computer. If itfinds any such printers,it installs them.
Step 5. If Add Printer Wizard cannot find any Plug andPlay printers, you can select type of printer you want toinstall. An on-screen prompt may ask you to insert floppydisk, CD-ROM or DVD-ROM that contains necessarydriver files to complete the installation of printer.
Operating System Functions
What is Plug and Play? (PnP)
The computer can recognize a new device an assist you in its installation byloading the necessary drivers automatically and checking for conflicts withother devices (First appeared with Windows 95)
Supported by mostdevices and operatingsystems today
p.8. 13
Next
Click to view Web Linkthen click Plug and Play
15
Operating System Functions IRQs
What is an interrupt request ((IRQ)?A communications line between a device and the processorsMost PCs have at least 16 IRQs for the ISA bus, numbered 0
through 15 and more for the PCI bus
p.8. 13Fig. 8-12
Next
IRQs areassignedduringinstallation
Interrupt Assignments in Windows XP
(1) Right-click My Computer(2) Click Manage(3) Click Device Manager(4) Click View menu(5) Click Resources by Connection
(6) Click on Interrupt Request (IRQ)to view the IRQ assignments
16
IRQ Assignments (Windows XP)
Operating System Functions
How do you establish an Internet connection?
Nextp. 8.13 Fig. 8-12
Windows XP includes New Connection Wizard Guides user through setting up connection between
computer and Internet
17
Operating System Functions
How does an operating system monitor performance?
Nextp. 8.14 Fig. 8-13
Provides program, called performance monitor,that assesses and reports information aboutsystem resourcesand devices
Ctrl-Alt-Delto invoke theTask ManagerClick Performancetab
Operating System Functions
What is a network operating system?
Nextp. 8.14 Fig. 8-14
Allows users to share printer, Internetaccess, files, and programs on a network
Administers securityby establishing username and password foreach user
18
Utility Programs
What is a utility program?
Nextp. 8.15 Fig. 8-15
System software that performs maintenance-typetasks
Also called autility
Norton System Works
Operating System Utility Programs
What is a file manager? (Windows Explorer)
Nextp. 8.16 Figs. 8-16–8-17
Performs functions such as copying, renaming,deleting, and moving files
Image viewerdisplays contentsof graphics filewhen you doubleclick on it
19
Operating System Utility Programs
What is an uninstaller program?
Nextp. 8.17
In Windows XP,In Windows XP,uninstaller is in Add/Removeuninstaller is in Add/Remove
Programs in Control PanelPrograms in Control Panel
Removes aRemoves aprogram andprogram and
all associated filesall associated files
Try a good freeware uninstaller: www.zsoft.dk if Windows cannot do it
Operating System Utility Programs
ScanDisk & Disk Cleanup & Disk Defragmenter
Nextp. 8.17 Fig. 8-18
ScanDisk: Detects and correctsproblems on hard disks or floppydisks. (Windows 98/Me)
Disk Cleanup: Searches for andremoves unnecessary files
Disk Defragmenter putscontiguous sectors together
20
Operating System Utility (Disk Defrag)
What is a Disk Defragmenter ?
Nextp. 8.17 Fig. 8-19
file before defragmentingfragmented diskfile afterdefragmenting
Reorganizes files and unused space intocontiguous sectors on hard disk so programsrun faster.
Automatic Disk Defragmentation Utility
Diskeeper: Set it and forget it defrag scheduling Visit: http://www.diskeeper.com
21
Operating System Utility Programs
What is a diagnostic utility?
Nextp. 8.18 Fig. 8-20
Compiles technical informationabout hardware and somesoftware
Prepares report outlining potentialsystem problems
Example: Dr. Watson Located under Accessories,
System Tools, System Information,Tools
Operating System Utility Programs
What is a backup utility?
Nextp. 415 Fig. 8-20
Copies selected files or entire hard disk ontoanother storage medium
Most compress filesduring backup torequire less storagespace
Look in System Tools inWindows XP
22
Utility Programs: File Compression
What is a file compression utility?
Nextp. 8.29 Fig. 8-39
Shrinks size of files to free up roomand improve performance
Compressed files are sometimes calledzipped files
Two popular utilities:PKZIPTM and WinZip®
Visit www.WinZip.com Visit www.pkware.com
Another one: Gzip (.tgz file extension) Visit: http://www.gzip.org/
Operating System Utility Programs
What is a screen saver? (not needed for LCDs)
Nextp. 8.18 Fig. 8-22
Causes monitor’s screen to display movingimage or blank screen if there is no activityfor a specified time. Prevents ghosting orburn-in on back of phosphor screen
To secure computer;The user configuresscreen saver to requirepassword todeactivate the screensaver.
23
Device-dependent
Runs only on specifictype of computer
Types of Operating Systems
Characteristics of operating systems software
Nextp. 8.19
Downwardcompatible
Works with applicationsoftware written for
earlier version ofoperating system
Upwardcompatible
Runs on new versions ofoperating system
Proprietarysoftware
Privately owned andlimited to specific vendor
or computer model
Device-independent
Runs on manymanufacturers’
computers
Stand Alone
Types of Operating Systems
What are three categories of operating systems?
Nextp. 8.19
EmbeddedEmbedded NetworkNetwork
24
Types of Operating Systems
What are three categoriesof operating systems?
Network
Embedded
Stand alone
p.8.17 Fig. 8-18
Next
Others not on slide:
Windows XP with SP2
Windows Server 2003Windows Server 2008
Operating Systems
What is DOS (Disk Operating System)?[ MS-DOS (Microsoft) and PC-DOS (for IBM) ]All opperating systems are based on UNIX
Nextp. 8.20
DD
Developed inDeveloped inearly the1980searly the1980s
for personalfor personalcomputerscomputers
OO
Used commandUsed command--linelineinterface when firstinterface when first
developed, laterdeveloped, laterincluded menusincluded menusSSHardly used todayHardly used today
because it doesbecause it doesnot offer a GUInot offer a GUI
25
commandsentered by
user
commandsentered by
user
Operating Systems DOS
What is DOS (Disk Operating System)?Refers to several single user operating systems developed in theearly 1980s for personal computersTwo more widely used versions were PC-DOS and MS-DOS, bothdeveloped by Microsoft
p.8.17
Next
Used acommand lineinterface andadded a menu-driven interfacein later versions
Various Versions of Windows
p. 417 Fig. 8-23
Windows Version Year Released
Windows 3.x 1990
Windows NT 3.1 1993
Windows 95 1995
Windows NT Workstation 4.0 1996
Windows 98 1998
Windows Millennium Edition 2000
Windows 2000 Professional 2000
Windows XP 2001
Windows XP SP2 2004
Windows Vista
2007
26
Microsoft’s fastest, most reliable Windowsoperating system before Vista
Windows XP
What is Windows XP?
Nextp. 417 Fig. 8-24
5 Editions:Home Edition,Professional Edition,Tablet PC Edition,Media Center Edition,64-bit Edition (does notwork with 32-bitdrivers)
FAT32 orNTFS,Win FS
Windows Operating Systems
Features of most Windows operating systems
p.8.18
Next
ActiveDesktop™ Taskbar/toolbars
WindowsExplorer has aWeb browserlook and feel
increased speed
Tune-Up Wizard
UniversalSerial Bus
2.0
RegistryChecker
Hardwaresupport
Accessibility SettingsWizard
Multiple displaysupport
27
Supported theUniversal Serial
Bus (USB)
Older Operating Systems: Windows 98
What are features of Windows 98?It is an upgrade from Windows 95
More integrated with the Internet
Included Internet Explorer, a popularWeb browser
A file manager, Windows Explorer,had a Web browser look and feel
An Active Desktop™ interfaceallowing icons and file names towork similar to Web links
p.8.18
Next
Support formultimedia
technologies suchas DVD and Web
TV ™
Older Operating Systems: Windows Me
An operating systemthat has featuresspecifically for thehome users
Also called WindowsMe
Included multimediafeatures; Win Me isan upgrade to Win 98
p.8.20 Fig. 8-21
Next
What is WindowsMe ?
28
Windows 2000 Operating System
What is Windows 2000 Professional?Upgrade to the
Windows NT 4.0Workstationoperating system
Completemultitasking clientoperating systemthat has a GUI
NT 5.0 is reallyServer 2003
p.8.18 Fig. 8-19
Next
Click toview video
Windows XP Features
New Appearance and Performance
Network/user Administration
Help and Support
Communications and the Web
Firewall setup software
Windows XP (eXceptional Performance)Features
What are some features of Windows XP?
Nextp. 8.21
29
A few Window XP Keyboard Commands
Minimize a window: Windows key + M key Minimize all windows: Windows key + D key Maximize a window: Alt + Space + x Minimize a window: Alt + Space + n Bookmark a Help topic: Shift + F10 keys Display the Start menu: Ctrl + Esc keys Close a number of open windows: Alt + F4 Windows Security: Ctrl + Alt + Del Change passwords (on a networked PC):
Ctrl – Alt – Esc & Click “Change Password” tab Task Manager: Shift + Ctrl + Esc
WindowsXP File Association Settings
In Windows XP, click Start, Settings, Control PanelClick Tools, Folder Options and click the File Typestab.Below Registered File Types, you will see a long list ofextensions like XLS and ZIP (at the end of the list)A file extension tells Windows what type of file it is.Scroll down the list and find the extension for the filetype you want to open with a different application.In the lower half of the Window, you will see the nameand icon of the associated application for the file type.
30
Successor to Windows XP, containing a newinterface and new / enhanced features
Windows Vista Operating System
What is Windows Vista?
Nextp. 419 Fig. 8-26
Available in 8 editions,grouped into Homeand Businesscategories
http://www.hiptechblog.com/2006/02/20/its-official-8-different-flavors-of-windows-vista/
Windows Vista Features
Reliability and Performance
Security
Information Management
Appearance and Navigation
Communications and the Internet
Windows Vista Operating System
What are some features of Windows Vista?
Nextp. 419
31
Windows Server 2003 Family of Products
Windows Server 2003, Small Business Server for businesseswith less than 75 users.
Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition for small-to-medium-sized business networks.
Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition for medium andlarge sized business networks with e-commerce applications.
Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition for businesses withhuge volumes of transactions and large-scale databases.
Windows Server 2003, Web Services Edition for Web serverand Web hosting businesses.
Windows Server 2008
Faster and more secure !Released: Last week of February 2008For more information, visit:
http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver/longhorn/evaluation/b2faq.mspx
32
Operating Systems: Mac OS X
What is Mac OS X? (Mac OS X Leopard)
Nextp. 8.22 Fig. 8-28
Available only for computers manufacturedby Apple
Macintosh operatingsystem has been amodel for most GUIs
http://www.apple.com/macosx/leopard/
Operating Systems: UNIX
What is UNIX?
Nextp. 8.23 Fig. 8-30
Used by power users because of its flexibilityand power
Most versionsoffer GUI
Both astand-aloneand a networkoperating system
33
Operating Systems: UNIX
Developed in early 1970’s by AT&T’s Bell Labs Several versions of UNIX exist, each slightly
different. Some versions have a command-line interface, but
most offer a GUI. UNIX runs on all types of computers. UNIX is the basis for ALL operating systems
Common Unix Commands
Visit:
http://www.engr.ucr.edu/systems/unix.html
34
Operating Systems Linux
What is Linux?
Nextp. 8.24 Fig. 8-31
Red Hat provides a version of Linux called Red HatLinux. The GNOME graphical user interface is shownin this example.
Popular, free, multitasking UNIX-typeoperating system
Open-source softwaree—code is available topublic
Both a stand-aloneand a networkoperating system
Red Hat Linux
http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/linux/RHL-9-Manual/getting-started-guide/
35
Embedded Operating Systems
What is Embedded Linux?
Nextp. 425 Fig. 8-34
Scaled-down Linux operating systemdesigned for PDAs, smart phones,smart watches, set-top boxes,Internet telephones, and otherdevices
Offers many PIM functions PIM Personal Information Mgt http://www.linuxdevices.com/
Linux: Another Version: Ubuntu 7.10
What is Ubuntu Linux?
Nextp. 425 Fig. 8-34
www.ubuntu.com (from South Africa) “oo-boon-tu” means “humanity toward others”
in South Africa’s Zulu an Xhosa languages) A few features: No charge to install or update it. Focus on simplicity Cannot run Windows programs Recognizes most external devices
(such as USB flash drives)
36
Operating Systems Linux
Some versions of Linux are command-line Some versions are GUI interfaces Commercial: Red Hat Linux software The two most popular GUIs for Linux are:
GNOME and KDE (Keyboard DesktopEnvironment)
Motorola Corp has created mobile phones runningthe Linux operating system
Operating Systems Linux
Linux is network-friendly: It is capable of acting asclient and/or server to any of the popular operatingsystems in use today. It is quite capable of being usedas an OS by Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
Linux is a multi-user system which has advantageseven for an OS where only one or two people will beusing it.
37
Operating Systems Linux
Linux is Open Source: that means that for the entirebase system, which includes the kernel, the GNU tools,and all the basic utilities. Programmers and users haveaccess to the source code as well as the right to modifyit.
Linux is Backwards-Compatible: has superbsupport for older hardware. In fact, it is ofteneasier to find hardware support for 80486-erahardware than the latest gizmos to hit the market.This is because the device driver software authorsneed time to write and test the drivers.
A Look at Linux Commands
Visit:http://www.linuxdevcenter.com/linux/cmd/
38
Linux versus Windows
What is Microsoft Windows?
The Microsoft Corporation began development of the Interface
Manager (later named Microsoft Windows) in the fall of 1981
Windows 1.0 was finally released to the market in 1985, promising
users an easy-to-use graphical interface for consumers.
Several others versions of Windows have been produced 2.0, 3.1, 3.11, 95, 98, ME – DOS Based (Layered-Based) NT, 2000, XP, 2003, Project Longhorn – NT Technology
(Kernel-Based)
39
Microsoft Windows - ProsUser-FriendlyGenerally Stable Windows 2000/XP are considered to be extremely stable and rarely crash. Home users can navigate Windows without fear of losing their work because they forgot to save.
Hardware Support No lack of shortage in hardware support. It is very difficult to think of any hardware that is not
supported in some way by Windows.Software Support Once again, there is an abundance of high-quality software designed specifically for Windows.
You don’t have to work hard to find what you are looking for.Windows Update If connected to an internet through an ISP, updates and patches are available to
download while you work. Just click ‘yes’, and Windows updates itself with latestfrom Microsoft.
Widely Used Among Consumers Facilitates communication between users.
If everyone is using the same operating system, everyone has a general idea as to what theother individual is trying to communicate.
Mobility is not an issue. Can take a file from one computer to another, and generally won’t have to worry if that
second computer is running Windows or not.
Microsoft Windows - ConsSoftware While there may be an abundance of high-powered software designed for Windows, they are rather
expensive. One must install separate software onto Windows for it to have any functionality. Windows without
accompanying software is just a “Naked System”Re-booting Part of the reason for the long installation Windows needs to be rebooted to change minor settings like its IP address, hardware drivers, software, or
swapfile size or any number of similar system settings
File System Operating Systems running under different file systems may or may not be able to view and access files in a
certain file system. FAT16, FAT32, NTFS
Graphical User Interface (GUI) GUI-only environment hinders the functionality of the operating system code. If some sort of functionality hasn't been coded explicitly by the author of a program, then this functionality is
simply not available. If you can’t click it, you can’t do it.
Viruses Vast majority of known viruses are for Windows ONLY Grave security holes in Microsoft Outlook and Explorer
Length of Installation Can take up to a couple hours to fully install just the Operating System Multiple Disks or separate drivers are required to install the OS
40
What is Linux?
Linux is a kernel-based operating system Meaning that the operating system runs within itself. The program
does not need to ‘piggy-back’ from another program to run.Originally created by Linus Torvalds of Finland in 1991 with the assistanceof developers around the world.Developed under the GNU General Public License, the source code for Linuxis freely available to everyone. Since the source code is available to anyone, there is no current official
Linux version as with Windows. There are simply many differentversions, called Linux Distributions, that are aimed towards differenttarget groups.
Each distribution differentiates itself from one another through theirpackaged software and their hardware platform.
Linux – ProsEase of InstallationSecurity Local Security
Many users can use the same PC, one of which controls everything with administrative powers Remote Security
Very difficult to hack into a Linux system from an outside source (Internet, Network)
File Systems Can handle a variety of different file systems
Perfectly handles reading and writing of Windows FAT32 partitions and it can read NTFS partitions(Windows XP default)
Can access, but not modify any files located on any Windows partition
Multi-User PlatformCustomization Very important for businesses. Since Linux is an open source program. Anyone can make changes to the
operating system to make it match their needs.
Server/Clients Linux is perfectly integrated to the internet and includes everything needed.
ServersFTP Server: Pureftp, ProftpMail Server: Sendmail, PostfixWeb Server: Apache
ClientsFTP Clients: gftp, lftpChat Clients: Kopete, Licq, PsiE-mail Clients: Kmail, Evolution
41
Linux - ConsTime-Intensive A user accustomed to Windows can at first be a bit disoriented since the whole structure of the
system is different. Learning all the details about how a Linux system functions will take time and patience Noone should expect be able to harness the full power of Linux within the first few minutes of
playing around with the operating systemHardware Support Although it runs on a variety of different hardware architectures, support for bleeding edge
hardware can be problematic or its configuration trickySoftware/Games Very few major commercial games available for Linux Most software found in stores is designed for Windows only Additional software can be problematic to install due to the variety of distributions of Linux.
One piece of software that is installed on one computer may or may not be compatible with anothercomputer running a different distribution.
Network Operating Systems
What are examples of networkoperating systems?
Nextp. 8.25
NetWareNetWare
Designed forDesigned forclient/serverclient/server
networksnetworks
WindowsWindowsServer 2003Server 2003
Upgrade toUpgrade toWindows 2000Windows 2000
ServerServer
WindowsWindows
Server 2008Server 2008
SolarisSolaris
Version of UNIXVersion of UNIXdeveloped by Sundeveloped by Sun
MicrosystemsMicrosystems
Specifically forSpecifically foree--commercecommerceapplicationsapplications
42
Embedded Operating Systems
What is an embedded operating system?
Nextp. 8.26 Fig. 8-32
Found on most mobile computers, PDAs, andother small computers.
Examples: Windows CE .NET Windows Mobile 2006 Palm OS (for PDAs & smart phones) Embedded Linux (small Linux OS for PDAs) Symbian OS (open source multitasking OS)
Embedded Operating Systems
What is an embedded operating system?
Nextp. 8.26 Fig. 8-32
Found on most mobilecomputers, PDAs, and othersmall devices
Windows CE .NET isscaled-down version ofWindows
http://msdn.microsoft.com/embedded/prevver/ce.net/default.aspx
43
Embedded Operating Systems
What are two operating systems for PDAs?
Nextp. 8.27 Figs. 8-33–8-34
Windows Mobile 2006 for the Pocket PChttp://www.microsoft.com/windowsmobile/default.mspx
Palm OS for Palm Treo, Visor, and Sony CLie http://www.palm.com/us/
Embedded Operating Systems
What is Symbian OS? http://www.symbian.com/
Nextp. 8.27 Fig. 8-35
Open-source, multitasking operating systemdesigned for smart phones
Make telephone calls,save appointments,browse Web, sendand receive e-mailand faxes, and more
44
Utility Programs (Antivirus Utilities)
What is a virus?
Nextp. 8.28 Fig. 8-36
SIGNS OFSIGNS OFVIRUSVIRUS
INFECTIONINFECTION
Potentially damaging computer program Affects computer without user’s knowledge
Utility Programs (Antivirus)
What is an antivirus program? (Symantec, McAfee)
Nextp. 8.28 Fig. 8-37
Identifies and removes viruses in memory, storagemedia, and incoming files
Must be updated frequently (weekly!)
45
Utility Programs
What is a personal firewall?
Nextp. 8.29 Fig. 8-38
Protects personal computer from unauthorizedintrusions
Monitors alltransmissionsto and fromcomputer
Personal Firewalls
What is a personal firewall?
p. 11.09 Fig. 11-8 Next
Program that protects personal computer and its datafrom unauthorized intrusions
Monitors transmissions to and from computer Informs you of attempted intrusion
PERSONAL FIREWALL SOFTWARE
46
Firewalls: Zone Alarm & Windows XP
http://www.zonelabs.com/store/content/company/products/znalm/freeDownload.jsp
Windows XP comes with a built-in firewall, but it isturned on by default.
To find out how to turn it on, visit:www.microsoft.com/security/protect
The Windows XP firewall software works only“one way” which means it blocks only suspiciousactivity aimed at your computer and not comingfrom your computer.
Utility Programs
What is spyware?
Nextp. 426
Program placed on a computer without the user’sknowledge that secretly collects information about theuser
Often enters a computer as a result of a user installinga new program
A spyware remover is a program that detects anddeletes spyware. Adware can also be a problem:
Visit: http://www.lavasoftusa.com
47
Pop-upBlockers
Utility Programs
What are internet filters?
Nextp. 426 - 427
Programs that remove or block certain items frombeing displayed (Anti-Spam, Web Filters, Pop-upBlockers)
http://www.stopzilla.com/download/download_select.aspx?AID=10004&S=&type=DOWNLOAD&topic=&source=&AAID=&dre=&cid=pop%20up%20software
Anti-SpamPrograms
WebFilters
Keeping Windows Updated
Visit:http://update.microsoft.com/windowsupdate/v6/default
.aspx?ln=en-us
48
Utility Programs
What is CD/DVD burning software?
Nextp. 428 Fig. 8-38
Writes text, graphics, audio, and video files toa recordable or rewriteable CD or DVD
http://www.roxio.com/enu/default.html?source=G2
Utility Programs: Nero Version 8
What is CD/DVD burning software?
Nextp. 428 Fig. 8-39
Writes text, graphics, audio, and video files to arecordable or rewriteable CD or DVD
http://www.nero.com/enu/index.html
49
RippingCopying songs from CD to
computer
Windows Media Player 10
50
Chapter 8 Operating Systems
End of Presentation
Windows Vista 2007 Media Player 11
top related