chapter 34 franklin roosevelt and the shadow of war (1933 – 1941)
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Chapter 34Franklin Roosevelt and the Shadow
of War (1933 – 1941)
The London Conference
OPurpose of the conference?O “Organize a coordinated
international attack on the global depression.”
ORoosevelt withdrew from conference for fear of sacrificing US economy for world economy
OReflected US isolation
Freedom for the Filipinos….
OTydings-McDuffie ActOPromised Philippines freedom
(happens in 1946)OIn 1933, US formally
recognized the Soviet UnionOHope for tradeOCounteract Germany and
Japan
Becoming a Good Neighbor
OGood Neighbor PolicyO Improving relations with Latin
AmericaO Renounced armed interventionO Overturned the Roosevelt
CorollaryOImproved relations would help
defend the Western Hemisphere
Secretary Hull’s Reciprocal Trade Agreements
OReciprocal Trade Agreements Act:OGave power to Roosevelt to
lower tariff rates on specific countries if they did the same
OPassed in response to previous high tariffs (Hawley-Smoot)
OForeign trade increased
Storm-Cellar Isolationism
OGrowth of Totalitarianism in the 1930sOStalin, Hitler, Mussolini
OJapan and Germany sought to expand their bordersO Japan began building
battleshipsOIsolationism increases
Congress Legislates Neutrality
O Nye Committee:O Investigated allegations US became
involved in WWI to make $ for munitions companies
O Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937O If there’s a war, restrictions
automatically take effectO America could not sail on that country’s
ships, sell weapons, or lend moneyO “No distinction between brutal
aggressors and innocent victims.”
America Dooms Loyalist Spain
OWar in Spain between Fascists and left-leaning government (supported by USSR)
ODue to Neutrality Acts, US could NOT help in the fight against the Fascists
**Appeasing Japan and Germany**
O “Quarantine Speech”O In response to Italy and JapanO Felt countries should “quarantine” aggressive nations
(embargoes)O Isolationists feared this could lead to warO Panay
O American gunboat sunk by the JapaneseO Germany violated Treaty of Versailles
O Marched into Rhineland, built up military, annexed Austria, Sudetenland
O Munich ConferenceO Gave Germany the Sudetenland, Hitler “promised”
not to take over more landO Appeasement
Hitler’s Belligerency and US Neutrality
OAugust 23, 1939 – Germany-Soviet Non-aggression Pact
OSeptember 1, 1939 – invasion of Poland
OBritain and France need weapons…ONeutrality Act of 1939
O European democracies could buy weapons on a “cash-and-carry” basis
O US is no longer truly “neutral”
The Fall of France
O June 1940, France falls to HitlerOEngland stood aloneOUS began building its militaryOSeptember 6, 1940: first peace-
time conscription lawOHavana Conference (1940):
O US and L.A. would uphold Monroe Doctrine
Bolstering Britain with the Destroyer Deal (1940)
O Germany bombed England in preparation of invasion
O “Fortress of America” or help to Britain?O Committee to Defend America:
O Favored aiding alliesO America First Committee:
O Against American involvementO September 1940, Roosevelt gave Britain
ships from WWI in return for basesO Most Americans favored “all aid short of
war”
FDR Shatters the Two-Term Tradition
OWendell Willkie v. FDROCondemned the New Deal
and FDR “Dictatorship”
OFDR won 449 - 82
Congress Passes the Lend-Lease Law
OWhat was it? O March 1941O Send supplies to victims of aggressionO “Billions not bodies”
OSeen as a economic declaration of war
OOfficially marked the end of neutralityO Germany began sinking American ships
Hitler’s Assault on the Soviet Union….
OJune 22, 1941: Operation Barbarossa
OAtlantic Conference:ORoosevelt and Churchill meetOOutlined goals for postwar
worldONo territorial exchangesONew League of Nations
US Destroyers and Hitler’s U-boats Clash
O July 1941, Roosevelt decided US ships would escort lend-lease supplies to IcelandO Roosevelt orders a “shoot on
sight” policy
ONovember 1941: O Merchant ships could be legally
armed
Surprise Assault on Pearl Harbor
OLate 1940 – 1941:O US enacts embargoes on Japan
and freezes assets in the US
ODecember 7, 1941:O A day “that will live in infamy”O 3,000 casualties
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