chapter 3 injury emergencies
Post on 18-Jan-2015
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APPLY
A B
ANADAGE
DE
MO
NS
TR
AT
I ON
EXTERNAL BLEEDING
*Bleeding may look worse than it is.
*Control with pressure
* Dressing – covers wound to stop bleeding
TYPES OF BLEEDING
• Arterial- bright red- squirts
• Venous- dark red- steady flow
• Capillary-ooze
CALL 911 IF:
*A lot of bleeding
* Can’t stop
*S/SX of shock
*Head/neck/spine injury
* Don’t know
TREATMENT:
Scene safety
↓
Gloves/PPE
↓
Airway
↓
Apply dressing with pressure
↓
If continues add more gauze & pressure
↓
Con’t until bleeding stops
Small wounds : wash with water
apply antibiotic ointment
OTHER TREATMENT
P R E S S U R E P O I N T S P R E S S U R E B A N D A G E S
TOURNIQUET -USED IF YOU CAN’T STOP BLEEDING
P R E M A D E T O U R N I Q U E T S
-911
-apply 2 inches above site
-tighten until bleeding stops
-note time
-get help ASAP
-leave on
M A K I N G A T O U R N I Q U E T
-fold cloth: long & 1 inch wide
--apply 2 inches above site
-tie ends around a stick
-turn stick to tighten until bleeding stops
-note time
-get help ASAP
-do not remove
WOUNDS
NOSE BLEEDS
Person may swallow blood & cause vomiting
Tx:
-PPE
-press both sides of nostrils., have pt. sit up & lean forward
-press until bleeding stops
-911 if:
con’t after 15 minutes
gushing blood
trouble breathing
CSF –clear, pink, yellow
BLEEDING FROM MOUTH
May be serious if airway is blocked
Tx:
-PPE
-apply pressure with gauze
- 911 if
- can’t stop bleeding
-trouble breathing
TOOTH INJURIES
May be a choking hazard
Tx:
-PPE
-ck mouth for loose teeth
-rinse with H20
- Loose tooth –bite down on gauze to keep in place →dentist
-chipped tooth-clean→ dentist
-tooth falls out → put in milk/h20→dentist
do not touch root
EYE INJURIES
Pain/trouble seeing- bruising bleeding redness
TX. FOR EYE INJURY
-PPE
-911
-keep eye closed
- If irritant → rinse with h20
- Bandage both eyes to ↓ simultaneous eye
movement
OTHER TREATMENT
I M P A L E D O B J E C T
Stabilize
911
Extruding eye:
Cover w moist drsg.
Protect eye/shield
C H E M I C A L I N E Y E
Flush w h2o x 20 min.
PENETR
ATIN
G/PUNCTU
RE
WOUNDS
L EA
VE
IN
PL A
CE
! ! !
TX;
-PPE
-Leave in place
-911
-control bleeding
-use doughnut to control bleeding & secure
AMPUTA
TIONS
TO
CU
T O
F F A B
OD
Y P
AR
T
TREATMENT
-PPE
-911
-control bleeding
-find amputated part
-rinse
-wrap with clean gauze
-place in bag & seal
-place in ice
-to hospital
??? INTERNAL BLEEDING IF?-BLUNT FORCE-HEMATOMA
S/SX OF INTERNAL BLEEDING
Bruising
Pain
Swelling
Bleeding- mouth, vagina, rectum
Vomiting blood or coffee ground emesis
Pale, clammy skin
Thirst
LOC change
TX;
-Safety?
-PPE
-airway
-911
-lie down & stay still
-√ shock ?
-? CPR
HEAD, NECK, S
PINE IN
JURY
??? HEAD INJURY IF:
S/SX OF HEAD INJURY:
-no response
-sleepy
-confused
-vomiting
-H/A
-vision problems
-difficulty moving
-seizures
-open head wound
SPINE & NECK INJURIES
DO NOT MOVE!!
Suspect if:
->65
-car/bike wreck
-falls
-weaKness/numbness/tingling
-neck/back pain
-acts drunk
TX:
-PPE
-911
-Monitor LOC
-DO NOT MOVE
** If need CPR do jaw thrust manuever
TYPES OF INJURIES
Strain- pull or tear
Sprain-overstretch ligament
Dislocation- out of place
Fracture- broken bone
- open fracture: wound
-closed: no wound
SPRAINS/FRACTURES
S / S X :
Swelling
Discoloration
T X :
-PPE
-CSM-circulation, sensation, movement
-cover open wound
-ice x 20 minutes
(place towel b/t ice & skin)
-911 if
-lg open wound
-abnormally bent
-splint
** DO NOT STRAIGHTEN Area!
SPLIN
TING
DE
MO
NS
TR
AT
I ON
SPLINTING
-keeps injured area from moving
- Can use towels, magazines or wood
Guidelines:
-PPE
-Stop bleeding
-Splint-support above and below joints, do not straighten
-Secure splint with ties, tape
-√ tightness- 2 fingers
-can self splint arm against chest/leg
BURNS
TYPES
Thermal- heat
Chemical- chemicals
Electrical- electricity
Radiation- sun, radiation, x-rays
DEGREES OF BURNS
1st degree- superficial
2nd degree-partial thickness
3rd degree- full thickness
RULE OF NINE’S
TX:
-safety?
-PPE?
-small burn- run under cool H2O
-cover w non stick drsg
-remove jewlry or clothing if not stuck
-911 if:
-fire
-lg burn
Stop, drop & roll if on fire
CHEMICAL BURNS
Flush with large amounts water x 20 minutes
If powder chemical brush off w gloves hand prior to flush w H20
ELECTR
ICAL I
NJURIE
S
TX:
-Safety? MAKE SURE ELECTRIC OFF!
-PPE
-911 & AED
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