chapter 2 - water pollution, enviromental pollution and control

• Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans and groundwater).

•Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.

Point source Non-point source

- Harmful increase in water temperature in streams, rivers, lakes or ocean waters.- Cause: - dumping hot water from factories and power plants. - removing trees and vegetation that shade streams, permitting sunlight to raise the temperature of these waters-Impact to aquatic life: - Can kill native fish, shellfish and plants. - algae and other plants dead

• Soil erosion is a gradual process that occurs when the impact of water or wind detaches and removes soil particles, causing the soil to deteriorate.

Maintain good soil structure

Protect the soil surface

Use special structural

erosion control

practices -Fiber matting-Mulch matting-Wood

mattingGrass

matting

PROCESS OF “SELF-PURIFICATION” ON RIVER

Dilution – air sungai bertemu & hujan turun – air sungai

bertambah – kepekatan bahan pencemar <.

Sendimentation – air sungai hampir tebing – bahan pencemar

termendap ke dalam tanah atau pasir

Adsorption – bahan pencemar akan tersekat di celah-celah

batu sungai

Phyto-remediation - tumbuhan akuatik serap bahan pencemar -

nitrat & fosfat

Aeration – air sungai terdedah dengan angin – DO

meningkat.

Air bersih

Zon Pencemaran

Zon Penguraian Aktif

Zon Pemulihan

DO

BOD

PROCESS ‘EUTROPHICATION’ IN LAKE

PROCESS EUTROFIKASIProses penuaan tasik : - proses semulajadi pertambahan nutrien dan

peninggian dasar tasik. Kesan eutrofikasi - ?4 fasa tasik;

1. Oligotrofik2. Mesotrofik3. Eutrofik4. Senescent

OLIGOTROFIK – dalam, sejuk, nutrien <, hidupan akuatik <

MESOTROFIK– pemendapan nutrien & kelodak, populasi

tasik >

EUTROFIK– nutrien >, cetek, panas, alga >

SENESCENT – fasa paling tua, sangat cetek, banyak

tumbuhan

Method of eutrophication control aeration

harvest

Control the flow of fertilizer and soil nutrients

Sources of ground water pollution:

Domestic waste Industrial wasteMunicipal landfillPetroleum waste and miningAgricultureSaltwater intrusion

Sources of sea pollution:Domestic and industrial waste

Sludge disposal

Oil spill