chapter 17 vocabulary bellwork

BellworkChapter 17 Vocabulary

Chapter 17Medieval and Renaissance

Section 17.1- Foundations of Western Classical MusicMusical Periods

● Medieval 450-1450● Renaissance 1450-1700● Baroque 1600-1759● Classical 1750-1825● Romantic 1825-1900● Modern 1900-Present Day

Roots of Classical Music● Traced back to Ancient Greece or Rome● “Court” music part of social world● Very little information about early music beyond the writings of ancient

historians and philosophers. ● Artwork helps explain some instruments● Pythagoras and Aristoxenus developed theories about relationships of

musical sounds● Greeks established the octave as the basic mathematical unit in music.

Octave- a series of eight notes occupying the interval between (and including) two notes one having twice or half the frequency of vibrations of the other.

Medieval Church Music● Medieval Period-Middle Ages● 450-1450AD● Church was in a leadership role in most fields● Two main forms of music

○ Plainsong-music with no strict meter or accompaniment, sung by a single voice or unison choir.

■ Monophonic- single melodic line○ Parallel Organum- compositional method in which two voice parts sing the same melody,

one a perfect 4th or 5th higher than the other○ First attempt at harmony

Hymn to St. John the Baptist● Gregorian Chant● Named for Pope Gregory, leader of the church from 590-604● Latin text eventually used as the basis of Solmization

Hymn to St. John the Baptist

Breakthroughs in Medieval Music● Teaching by “rote” or orally for many generations● Score- written notation● Neumes- markings over and under the text to signal pitch changes

Solmization● Guido of Arezzo- Benedictine Monk● Based on 4 line staff● The higher the placement the note on the staff, the higher the pitch● Solmization- the method of assigning a syllabic name to each tone of the

scale● Solmization=Solfege= DO-RE-MI● Used Hymn to St. John the Baptist as a guide

Rise of Secular Music● Secular Music- Non-Religious● Not common since church was all powerful at that time● Typically used for singing and dancing● Featured instruments and was monophonic in texture● “Estampie”● 12th-14th Centuries, Troubadours walked Europe singing of news and

love.● “Prendes i Garde”

Estampie

Prendes i Garde

Bellwork 2/6 and 2/7What is the difference between plainsong and parallel organum?

Who was Guido of Arezzo and what is he known for?

The Renaissance● 1450-1700● Means “Rebirth and Revival of Human Creativity”● Change in thinking began in Italy and spread North.● Secularism asserted itself● Humanism rose, drove society away from the church’s all-powerful

authority.● Major influences were Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael.

Renaissance Music● Primarily Vocal

○ Motet■ Polyphonic choral compositions based on sacred texts

○ Madrigal■ Non-religious vocal works in several parts (usually 5)

● Composers utilized counterpoint○ Counterpoint- voices are harmonically interdependent, yet independent in rhythm and

contour

● New emphasis on instrumental music○ No longer just supported voices, but received their own parts

Renaissance Music● Instrumental composer Michael Pretorius (1571-1621)● Wrote many sacred hymns, motets, and songs as well as secular

madrigals, songs, and dance pieces. ● “La Bourree” from Terpsichore (1612)● Showcases the elemental possibilities of instruments of the period.● Includes shawms, flute like recorders, and krummhorns.

La Bourree

Word Painting● Music that portrays the meaning of the words of the text● “ As Vesta Was Descending”● Sir Thomas Weelkes (1575-1623)● 6 voice madrigal● Singers use the written music to express the text

As Vesta Was Descending

As Vesta Was Descending

Sacred Music in the Renaissance● Motet and Mass● Mass

○ Extended work of 5 sections■ Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei

● Pope Marcellus Mass○ Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (1525-1594)

● Kyrie○ Kyrie Eleison- Lord Have Mercy Upon Us○ Christe Eleison- Christ Have Mercy Upon Us○ Kyrie Eleison- Lord Have Mercy Upon Us

Kyrie-Pope Marcellus Mass-Palestrina

Ave Maria

Trace the transition in texture…..1. ME-Monophonic-(Singular/unison)- Plain Song/Parallel Organum

2. Ren-Polyphonic-Counterpoint (Lines can stand independently on their own, but work as a whole too)-Madrigal/Motet

3. Bar-Homophonic- Richer Harmony-Melody line with chords sounding underneath- Concerto

Quiz 1Answer the following questions:

1. The Greeks created what unit to measure music?2. Name the 2 types of Medieval Church music discussed in the text and explain

each.3. Guido of Arezzo was credited with what system we still use today?4. There were two types of vocal music in the Renaissance discussed. What were

they and explain.5. Sacred music in the Renaissance included ________ and __________.