chapter 1 workplace safety. primary learning objectives (1 of 3) identify general workshop safety...

Chapter 1Workplace Safety

Primary Learning Objectives (1 of 3)

• Identify general workshop safety rules and procedures.

• Identify the location of the posted evacuation routes.

• Identify marked safety areas. • Identify the location and the types of fire

extinguishers and other fire safety equipment; demonstrate knowledge of the procedures for using fire extinguishers and other fire safety equipment.

Primary Learning Objectives (2 of 3)

• Identify the location and use of eye wash stations.

• Locate and demonstrate knowledge of material safety data sheets (MSDS).

• Comply with the required use of safety glasses, ear protections, gloves, and shoes during lab/workshop activities.

• Identify and wear appropriate clothing for lab/workshop activities.

Primary Learning Objectives (3 of 3)

• Secure hair and jewelry for lab/workshop activities.

• Utilize proper ventilation procedures for working within the lab/workshop area.

Knowledge Objectives

• Understand a safety overview. • Explain standard safety measures. • Explain hazardous materials safety.• Conduct workshop safety inspections. • Describe personal protective equipment.• Comply with injury protection practices. • Understand first aid principles.

Skills Objectives

• Identify hazardous environments. • Safely clean brake dust.

Introduction (1 of 2)

• Occupational safety and health is everyone’s responsibility.

• Always:– Think about how you are performing

workshop tasks– Be on the lookout for unsafe equipment and

work practices– Wear correct personal protective equipment

(PPE)

Introduction (2 of 2)

Figure 1-1 Personal protective equipment (PPE) refers to items of safety equipment such as safety footwear, gloves, clothing, protective eyewear and hearing protection.

Safety Overview (1 of 4)

• Don’t underestimate the dangers

• Accidents and injuries can happen at any time and are avoidable

• Evacuation routes safe way of escaping danger

• Safe work environment goes a long way toward preventing accidents, injuries, illnesses

Figure 1-3 Your workshop may have an evacuation procedure that clearly identifies the evacuation routes.

Safety Overview (2 of 4)

• (OSHA) Occupational Safety and Health Administration– Government agency created to provide

national leadership in occupational safety and health

• (EPA) Environmental Protection Agency– Federal government agency that deals with

issues related to environmental safety

Safety Overview (3 of 4)

• Workshop Policies and Procedures– Ensure workshop operates according to

OSHA and EPA laws and regulations– Policy: guiding principle that sets workshop

direction– Procedure: list of steps required to get the

same result each time a task or activity is performed

Safety Overview (4 of 4)

• Identifying Hazardous Environments– Hazard: anything that

could hurt you or someone else; impossible to remove all hazards

– Identify hazards and work to reduce their potential for causing harm

• See Procedure 1-1: Identifying Hazardous Environments

Procedure 1-1 Identifying Hazardous Environments

Standard Safety Measures (1 of 15)

• Signs– Three signal words:

danger, warning, caution

– Background color: draws attention to potential hazards

Signs. A. Danger is usually indicated by white text on a red background.Signs. B. Warning is usually in black text with an orange background.Signs. C. Caution is usually in black text with a yellow background.

Figure 1-4

A B

C

Standard Safety Measures (2 of 15)

• Signs (cont’d) – Text: provides additional safety information– Pictorial message: allows safety message to

be conveyed to people who are illiterate or who do not speak the local language

Standard Safety Measures (3 of 15)

• Safety Equipment– Handrails– Machinery guards– Painted lines– Soundproof rooms– Adequate ventilation– Gas extraction hoses– Doors and gates– Temporary barriers

Standard Safety Measures (4 of 15)

• Air Quality– Managing air quality helps protect you from

potential harm and protects the environment.– Running engines produce dangerous exhaust

gases (carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide).– Always follow correct safety precautions when

running engines indoors or in a confined space.– Do not assume an engine fitted with a catalytic

converter can be run safely indoors; it cannot.

Standard Safety Measures (5 of 15)

Figure 1-5 Extraction hoses should be vented so that the fumes will not be drawn back indoors.

Standard Safety Measures (6 of 15)

• Electrical Safety– Poor electrical safety

practices can cause shocks, burns, fires, and explosions

– Know where electrical panels for your workshop are located

– In case of emergency, you may need to shut off electricity supply to a work area or workshop

Figure 1-6 All electrical switches and fuses should be clearly labeled so that you know which circuits and functions they control.

Standard Safety Measures (7 of 15)

• Portable Electrical Equipment– Extension cord: flexible

wiring fitted with ground wire and neoprene-covered cord

– Tools that operate at 240 volts often sources of shock and burn accidents

– All electric tools must be equipped with a ground prong or double-insulated

Figure 1-7 The extension cord should be neoprene-covered.

Standard Safety Measures (8 of 15)

• Portable Workshop Lights– Protective fitted covers fitted to prevent

accidentally breaking– If lamp breaks, it can be an electrical hazard– Electric droplights common source of shocks– Should be designed so that electrical parts

never come into contact with outer casing of the device

– Bulbs in electric droplights vulnerable to impact

Standard Safety Measures (9 of 15)

Figure 1-8 All droplights should be properly protected.

Standard Safety Measures (10 of 15)

• Workshop Layout– Efficient and safe with clearly defined working

areas and walkways

• Preventing Fires– Danger of gasoline fire always present – Fuel vapor extremely easy to ignite– Spillage risks– Spill kits: absorbent material and barrier dams

to contain moderate-sized spills

Standard Safety Measures (11 of 15)

• Preventing Fires (cont’d)– Drain fuel only in well-

ventilated, level space, preferably outside

– Always use fuel retriever, preferably removing fuel through filler neck

– Never weld anywhere near a gas tank or any kind of fuel line

Figure 1-9 Always use a fuel retriever; this tool will minimize the chance of sudden large spills occurring.

Standard Safety Measures (12 of 15)

• Extinguishing Fires– Three elements required at same time for fire

to occur: fuel, oxygen, heat– To extinguish fire, remove at least one

element, usually oxygen or heat– Never hesitate to call fire department if you

cannot extinguish a fire safely

Standard Safety Measures (13 of 15)

• Fire Classifications– Class A: ordinary combustibles such as wood,

paper, or cloth– Class B: flammable liquids or gaseous fuels– Class C: electrical equipment – Class D: combustible metals such as sodium,

titanium, and magnesium– Class K: cooking oil or fat

Standard Safety Measures (14 of 15)

Figure 1-10 Traditional labels on fire extinguishers often incorporate a shape as well as a letter.

Standard Safety Measures (15 of 15)

• Eye Wash Stations and Emergency Showers– Eye wash stations:

flush eye with clean water or sterile liquid in event foreign liquid or particles in eye

– When individuals get chemicals in their eyes, they may need assistance in reaching eye wash station

Figure 1-12 The main types of eye washers include disposable eye wash packs and eye wash stations. Some emergency showers have an eye wash station built in.

(c) Guy Croft SciTech/Alamy Images

Hazardous Materials Safety (1 of 4)

• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)– How hazardous materials should be safely

used– Any health effects relating to them– How to treat a person exposed to them – How to deal with them in a fire situation– Obtained from the manufacturer

Hazardous Materials Safety (2 of 4)

• Cleaning Toxic Dust Safely– Toxic dust: dust that

may contain fine particles that could be harmful to humans or environment

– Common sources: inside drum brakes and manual transmission bell housings

Procedure 1-2 Safely Cleaning Brake Dust

Hazardous Materials Safety (3 of 4)

• Cleaning Toxic Dust Safely (cont’d)– If cleaning up after a repair, do not dry sweep

dust; use low-pressure wet cleaning method• See Procedure 1-2: Safely Cleaning Brake Dust

Hazardous Materials Safety (4 of 4)

• Used Engine Oil and Fluids– Often contain dangerous

chemicals and impurities– Laws and regulations

control how to safely recycle or dispose of in environmentally friendly way

– Avoid direct contact by always using gloves and other protective clothing

Figure 1-14 Used oil and fluids will often contain dangerous chemicals and need to be safely recycled or disposed of in an environmentally friendly way.

Workshop Safety Inspections

• Identify unsafe equipment, materials, or activities so they can be corrected to prevent accidents or injuries

• Formal and informal safety inspections should be held regularly

Personal Protective Equipment (1 of 7)

• Protective Clothing– Shirts– Pants– Shoes– Gloves

• Headgear– Hairnets– Caps– Hard hats

• Hand Protection– Chemical gloves– Leather gloves– Light-duty gloves– General-purpose cloth

gloves– Barrier cream– Cleaning of hands

• Ear Protection– Covers entire outer ear– Fitted into ear canal

Personal Protective Equipment (2 of 7)

Figure 1-15 The proper footwear provides protection against items falling on your feet, chemicals, cuts, abrasions and slips.

Figure 1-16 Chemical gloves should extend to the middle of your forearm to reduce the risk of chemical burns.

Personal Protective Equipment (3 of 7)

Figure 1-18 Light-duty gloves should be used to protect your hands from exposure to greases and oils.

Figure 1-22 Ear protection comes in two forms: One type covers the entire outer ear, and the other is fitted into the ear canal.

Personal Protective Equipment (4 of 7)

• Breathing Devices– Disposable dust

mask– Respirator

Figure 1-24 To be completely effective, the respirator mask must make a good seal onto your face.

Personal Protective Equipment (5 of 7)

• Eye Protection– Safety glasses– Welding helmet– Gas welding

goggles– Full face shield– Safety goggles

• Hair Containment• Always remove

watches, rings, and jewelry before starting work

Personal Protective Equipment (6 of 7)

Figure 1-25 Safety glasses are designed to protect your eyes from direct impact or debris damage.

Figure 1-26 The lens on a welding helmet has heavily tinted glass to reduce the intensity of the light from the welding tip, allowing you to see what you are doing.

Personal Protective Equipment (7 of 7)

Figure 1-27 Gas welding goggles can be worn instead of a welding helmet when using or assisting a person using an oxyacetylene welder.

Figure 1-28 It is necessary to use a full face shield when using a grinder, solvents and cleaners, epoxies, and resins or when working on a battery.

Injury Protection Practices

• Safe attitude• Proper ventilation• Correct lifting• Housekeeping and

orderliness• Slip, trip, and fall

hazardsFigure 1-30 Prevent back injuries when lifting heavy objects by crouching with your legs slightly apart, standing close to the object, and positioning yourself so that the center of gravity is between your feet.

First Aid Principles (1 of 10)

• First aid: immediate care given to injured or suddenly ill person

• Three important rules of first aid:– Know what you must not do.– Know what you must do.– If you are not sure what procedures to follow,

send for trained medical assistance.

First Aid Principles (2 of 10)

• Bleeding– External: loss of

blood from external wound where blood can be seen escaping

– Internal: loss of blood into body cavity from wound with no obvious sign of blood

Figure 1-32 Apply a gauze pad and direct pressure to the wound.

(c) Jones & Bartlett Learning, Courtesy of MIEMSS

First Aid Principles (3 of 10)

• Bleeding (cont’d)– Make sure you are

not exposed to blood

– Wear latex gloves or an artificial barrier

– Call 9-1-1 if bleeding cannot be controlled

Figure 1-33 If blood soaks through the bandage, apply additional dressings and pressure bandage.

(c) Jones & Bartlett Learning, Courtesy of MIEMSS

First Aid Principles (4 of 10)

• Eye Injuries– If object penetrates

and becomes embedded in the eye, do not attempt to remove it

– Call 9-1-1Figure 1-34 If an object penetrates and becomes embedded in the eye, stabilize the object with a bulky dressing or clean cloths.

(c) Jones & Bartlett Learning, Courtesy of MIEMSS

First Aid Principles (5 of 10)

• Eye Injuries (cont’d)– If a chemical

splashes into eyes, you may be able to flush it out using eye wash station

– Call 9-1-1– If you can see a loose

object, remove it with a moistened sterile gauze or clean cloth

Figure 1-36 Flush out the eye to prevent a chemical burn.

First Aid Principles (6 of 10)

• Fractures– Always seek medical care for all fractures– Simple: no wound or internal or external

bleeding– Open: bleeding or protrusion of bone through

skin– Complicated: penetration of a bone into a

bodily structure or vital organ– Be aware of onset of shock

First Aid Principles (7 of 10)

• Sprains, Strains, and Dislocations– Sprain: when a joint is forced beyond its

natural movement limit– Strain: injury caused by the overstretching of

muscles and tendons– Dislocation: displacement of a joint from its

normal position

First Aid Principles (8 of 10)

• Burns and Scalds– Superficial burns

(first-degree): reddening of the skin and damage to outer layer of skin only.

Figure 1-37 First-degree burn.

(c) Jones & Bartlett Learning

First Aid Principles (9 of 10)

• Burns and Scalds (cont’d)– Partial-thickness

burns (second-degree): blistering and damage to outer layer of skin

Figure 1-38 Second-degree burn.

(c) E.M. Singletary, MD. Used with permission.

First Aid Principles (10 of 10)

• Burns and Scalds (cont’d)– Full-thickness burns

(third-degree): white or blackened areas and include damage to all skin layers and underlying structures and tissues

Figure 1-39 Third-degree burn.

Courtesy of AAOS

Summary (1 of 4)

• Occupational safety and health are important and everyone’s responsibility.– Don’t underestimate the dangers of vehicle servicing

and repair.– Accidents and injuries can happen at any time, but

they are avoidable.– A safe work environment goes a long way toward

preventing accidents, injuries, and illnesses.– Understand OSHA and EPA regulations.– Know your workshop’s policies and procedures.– Be able to identify hazardous environments.

Summary (2 of 4)

• Know standard safety measures used in workshop:– Signs and safety equipment– Maintaining air quality and electrical safety– Safe workshop layout– Methods to prevent and extinguish fires– Use of eye-wash stations and emergency showers

• Understand hazardous materials safety:– Material safety data sheets– How to safely clean up toxic dust, used engine oil, and

other fluids

Summary (3 of 4)

• Understand workshop safety inspections.• Understand and use personal protective

equipment: protective clothing, head gear, and hand, eye, ear, breathing protection.

• Keep hair covered and remove watches and other jewelry.

Summary (4 of 4)

• Understand good practices for injury protection.– Maintain a safe attitude.– Ensure proper ventilation in the workshop.– Avoid injury by lifting properly, maintaining an orderly

workshop, and eliminating slip, trip, and fall hazards.

• Understand and implement first aid when needed, including response to incidents involving:– Bleeding– Eye injuries– Fractures– Sprains, strains, and dislocations– Burns and scalds