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Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 1
General Problem Solving Concepts
Problem Solving and Programming Concepts
9th Edition
By Maureen Sprankle and Jim Hubbard
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 0-2
Overview
• Problem Solving in Everyday Life
• Types of Problems
• Problem Solving with Computers
• Difficulties with Problem Solving
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Objectives
1. Describe difference between heuristic,
algorithmic solutions.
2. List, describe problem-solving steps for
algorithmic solution.
3. Use problem-solving steps to solve
problem.
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Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Problem Solving in Everyday Life
1. Identify the problem.
2. Understand the problem.
3. Identify alternative ways to solve problem.
4. Select best alternative.
5. List solution steps for alternative chosen.
6. Evaluate solution.
0-4
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Types of Problems
Problems with …
• Algorithmic solutions
• Heuristic solutions
• Combination of algorithmic, heuristic
solutions
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Problem Solving with Computers
Definitions:
• Solution instructions followed to
produce best result
• Result outcome, computer-assisted
answer
• Program instructions for solution using
computer language
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Difficulties with Problem Solving
• Lack of problem solving experience
• Inadequate solution steps
• Incorrect problem definition
• Alternatives chosen incorrectly
• Invalid logic
• Incorrect solution evaluation
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Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 1
General Problem Solving Concepts
End Chapter 9
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 2
Beginning Problem-Solving
Concepts for the Computer
Problem Solving and Programming Concepts
9th Edition
By Maureen Sprankle and Jim Hubbard
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 0-10
Overview
• Constants and Variables
• Data Types
• How the Computer Stores Data
• Functions
• Operators
• Expressions and Equations
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Objectives
1. Differentiate between variables,
constants.
2. Differentiate between character, numeric,
and logical data types.
3. Identify operators, operands, resultants.
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Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Objectives
5. Identify, use functions
6. Identify, use operators according to
placement in hierarchy chart.
7. Set up, evaluate expressions and
equations using variables, constants,
operators, and the hierarchy of
operations.
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Figure 2.1 Important Concepts to
Learn
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Table 2.1 Constants and
Variables on the Computer
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Table 2.1 Constants and
Variables on the Computer
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Rules for Naming and Using
Variables
1. Name a variable according to what it
represents.
2. Do not use spaces.
3. Start a variable name with a letter.
4. Do not use a dash or any other symbol
that is used as a mathematical operator.
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Rules for Naming and Using
Variables
5. Consistent usage of variable name.
6. Consistent use of upper, lowercase
characters in variable names
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Table 2.3 Data Types
and Their Data Sets
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Table 2.4 Examples of Data Types
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Table 2.4 Examples of Data Types
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Table 2.5 Functions
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Table 2.6 Operators and Their
Computer Symbols
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Table 2.6 Operators and Their
Computer Symbols
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Table 2.7 Definitions of the Logical
Operators
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Table 2.7 Definitions of the Logical
Operators
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Table 2.7 Definitions of the Logical
Operators
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Table 2.8 Hierarchy of Operations
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Table 2.8 Hierarchy of Operations
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Table 2.9 Expressions and Equations
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Evaluating a Mathematical
Expression
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Evaluating a Relational Expression
0-31
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Evaluating a Logical Expression
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Evaluating an Equation That Uses
Both Relational and Logical
Operators
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Chapter 2
Beginning Problem-Solving
Concepts for the Computer
End Chapter 2
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 3
Planning Your Solution
Problem Solving and Programming Concepts
9th Edition
By Maureen Sprankle and Jim Hubbard
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 0-36
Overview
• Communicating with the Computer
• Organizing the Solution
• Using the Tools
• List and describe development tools
• Use problem analysis chart
• Use interactivity chart
• Use IPO (Input-Process-Output) chart
• Use algorithms and flowcharts
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Analyzing the Problem
Understand requirements:
1. The given data
2. The required results
3. The processing that is required in the
problem
4. A list of solution alternatives
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Figure 3.1 Problem Analysis Chart
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Figure 3.2 Problem Analysis Chart for
the Payroll Problem
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Figure 3.3 The Interactivity Chart
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Figure 3.4 The Completed Interactivity
Chart
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Figure 3.5 The Interactivity Chart for
the Payroll Problem
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Figure 3.6 The IPO Chart
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Figure 3.7 The IPO Chart for the
Payroll Problem
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Figure 3.8 The Form of an Algorithm
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Figure 3.9 Flowchart Symbols
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Figure 3.9 Flowchart Symbols
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Figure 3.9 Flowchart Symbols
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Figure 3.9 Flowchart Symbols
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Figure 3.10 The Algorithms and
Flowcharts for the Payroll Problem
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Figure 3.10 The Algorithms and
Flowcharts for the Payroll Problem
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Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 3.10 The Algorithms and
Flowcharts for the Payroll Problem
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Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 3.10 The Algorithms and
Flowcharts for the Payroll Problem
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Figure 3.11 Order of Execution of
Instructions
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Chapter 3
Planning Your Solution
End Chapter 3
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