cfd modeling activities at the nasa stennis space … modeling activities at the nasa stennis space...
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CFD
Mod
elin
g A
ctiv
ities
at th
eN
ASA
Ste
nnis
Spa
ce C
ente
rPr
esen
tatio
n to
the
LSU
Mec
hani
cal E
ngin
eerin
g D
epar
tmen
t
Mar
ch 1
6, 2
007
Dan
iel A
llgoo
d, P
hDN
ASA
Ste
nnis
Spa
ce C
ente
rTe
chno
logy
Dev
elop
men
t and
Tra
nsfe
rN
TOG
-Ja
cobs
Tec
hnol
ogy
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20070012351 2018-05-29T13:29:32+00:00Z
2
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
OU
TLIN
E
Ove
rvie
w o
f NA
SA
Ste
nnis
Spa
ce C
ente
r
Rol
e of
Com
puta
tiona
l Mod
elin
g at
NA
SA
-SS
C
Com
puta
tiona
l Mod
elin
g To
ols
and
Res
ourc
es
CFD
Mod
elin
g A
pplic
atio
ns
•C
ryog
enic
Pro
pella
nt D
eliv
ery
Sys
tem
s (T
anks
, Run
lines
)
•P
rope
llant
Con
trol E
lem
ents
(Val
ves)
•Fl
ow M
easu
rem
ent D
evic
es (C
avita
ting
Ven
turie
s, R
TDs)
•P
lum
e M
odel
ing:
Hyd
roca
rbon
Plu
mes
and
Dia
gnos
tic S
uppo
rtC
once
ptua
l Sta
ge T
estin
g R
ELEA
SED
- Pr
inte
d do
cum
ents
may
be
obso
lete
; val
idat
e pr
ior t
o us
e.
3
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
Reg
iona
l Map
of N
ASA
-SSC
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
4
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
NA
SA-S
SC T
est F
acili
ties
E-1
Stan
dH
igh
Pres
s., F
ull S
cale
En
gine
Com
pone
nts
E-2
Hig
h Pr
ess.
Mid
-Sca
le&
Sub
scal
e
A-1
…Fu
ll Sc
ale
Engi
ne D
evt.
& C
ert
…A
-2
E-3
Hig
h Pr
ess.
Smal
l-Sca
leSu
bsca
leB
-1/B
-2…
Full
Scal
e En
gine
/Sta
ge D
evt.
& C
ert
Com
pone
nts
…En
gine
s …
Stag
es R
ELEA
SED
- Pr
inte
d do
cum
ents
may
be
obso
lete
; val
idat
e pr
ior t
o us
e.
5
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
NA
SA-S
SC T
est F
acili
ties
–E
Com
plex
Com
pone
nt a
nd E
ngin
e Te
stin
g (E
-1)
Cel
l 3
Cel
l 2
Cel
l 1
•H
igh
Pre
ssur
e (L
ong
Run
) Cap
abili
ties
–LO
X/L
H/R
P ~
8,5
00 p
si–
GN
/GH
~ 1
5,00
0 ps
i–
GH
e ~
10,0
00 p
si•
Sta
te-o
f-the
-Art
DA
C S
yste
ms
•E
-1 C
ell 1
-P
rimar
ily D
esig
ned
for P
ress
ure-
Fed
LOX
/LH
/RP
& H
ybrid
Tes
t Arti
cles
-
Thru
st L
oads
up
to 7
50K
lbf(
horiz
.)•
E-1
Cel
l 2
-D
esig
ned
for L
H T
urbo
pum
p &
P
rebu
rner
Ass
embl
y Te
stin
g-
Thru
st L
oads
up
to 6
0K lb
f
•E
-1 C
ell 3
-D
esig
ned
for L
OX
Tur
bopu
mp,
P
rebu
rner
Ass
embl
y &
Eng
ine
Test
ing
-Th
rust
Loa
ds u
p to
750
K lb
f R
ELEA
SED
- Pr
inte
d do
cum
ents
may
be
obso
lete
; val
idat
e pr
ior t
o us
e.
6A
-1A
-2
TEST
STA
ND
CA
PAB
ILIT
IES:
Th
rust
cap
abili
ty o
f 1.5
M-lb
fFl
ame
Def
lect
or C
oolin
g 22
0,00
0 ga
l/min
Del
uge
Syst
em 7
5,00
0 ga
l/min
Dat
a m
easu
rem
ent s
yste
mTw
o de
rric
ks –
75 to
n an
d 20
0 to
nH
igh-
pres
sure
gas
dis
trib
utio
n sy
stem
sLO
X an
d LH
2 pr
opel
lant
sup
ply
syst
ems
Haz
ardo
us g
as a
nd fi
re d
etec
tion
syst
ems
Bar
ge u
nloa
ding
cap
abili
ty (2
LO
X, 2
LH
)D
iffus
er (A
-2)
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
NA
SA-S
SC T
est F
acili
ties
–A
Com
plex
Full-
scal
e En
gine
Dev
elop
men
t & C
ertif
icat
ion
•S
atur
n V
2nd
Sta
ge J
-2 e
ngin
e (1
.15
M-lb
fclu
ster
of 5
LH
2/LO
X J
-2 e
ngin
es)
•S
SM
E (3
75 K
-lb L
H2/L
OX
) dev
elop
men
t, fli
ght a
ccep
tanc
e, &
65k
ft al
titud
e (A
-2)
•X
-33
Aer
ospi
ke
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
7
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
NA
SA-S
SC T
est F
acili
ties
–B
Com
plex
B-1
B-2
Vehi
cle
Stag
e &
Ful
l-sca
le E
ngin
e Te
stin
g•
SA
TUR
N V
(7.7
M-lb
fclu
ster
of 5
RP
-1/L
OX
F-1
eng
ines
)•
SS
ME
MP
TA (1
.1 M
-lbfc
lust
er o
f 3 L
H2/L
OX
SS
ME
)•
Del
ta IV
Com
mon
Boo
ster
Cor
e (6
50 K
-lbfL
H2/L
OX
RS
-68
engi
ne)
TEST
STA
ND
CA
PAB
ILIT
IES:
Th
rust
cap
abili
ty o
f 13
M-lb
fFl
ame
Def
lect
or C
oolin
g 33
0,00
0 ga
l/min
Del
uge
Syst
em 1
23,0
00 g
al/m
inD
ata
mea
sure
men
t sys
tem
Two
derr
icks
–17
5 to
n an
d 20
0 to
nH
igh-
pres
sure
gas
dis
trib
utio
n sy
stem
sLO
X an
d LH
2 pr
opel
lant
sup
ply
syst
ems
Haz
ardo
us g
as a
nd fi
re d
etec
tion
syst
ems
Bar
ge u
nloa
ding
cap
abili
ty (3
LO
X, 3
LH
)
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
8
•N
AS
A S
tenn
is is
not
a re
sear
ch a
nd d
evel
opm
ent c
ente
r but
ra
ther
the
natio
ns la
rges
t liq
uid
rock
et e
ngin
e te
st fa
cilit
y.
•C
FD c
odes
are
not
dev
elop
ed a
t Ste
nnis
but
rath
er a
pplie
d to
hel
p su
ppor
t the
cur
rent
and
futu
re te
st o
pera
tions
.
•Th
e av
enue
for c
ode
deve
lopm
ent i
s th
roug
h th
e S
BIR
/STT
R p
rogr
am w
ere
we
can
colla
bora
te w
ith s
mal
l bu
sine
sses
and
uni
vers
ities
to d
evel
op th
e TO
OLS
we
need
.
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
Rol
e of
Com
puta
tiona
l Mod
elin
g at
NA
SA S
tenn
is
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
9
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
NA
SA-S
SC C
ompu
tatio
n R
esou
rces
NU
ME
RIC
S•F
inite
-Vol
ume
Roe
/TV
D F
lux
Con
stru
ctio
n, V
erte
x St
orag
e
INTE
GR
ATI
ON
•Exp
licit
Four
-Ste
p R
unge
-Kut
ta, I
mpl
icit
GM
RES
, Im
plic
it G
auss
-Sei
del
GR
ID E
LEM
EN
TS
•Tet
rahe
dral
, Hex
ahed
ral,
Pris
mat
ic, P
yram
id
PAR
ALL
EL
PRO
CE
SSIN
G
CA
PAB
ILIT
IES
•Dom
ain
Dec
ompo
sitio
n M
PI, I
ndep
ende
nt G
rids w
ith N
onco
ntig
uous
Inte
rfac
ing,
A
utom
ated
Loa
d B
alan
cing
DYN
AM
IC G
RID
C
APA
BIL
ITIE
S•N
ode
Mov
emen
t Sol
ver (
Impl
icit
Elas
ticity
App
roac
h), A
utom
ated
Em
bedd
ing,
Slid
ing
Inte
rfac
es
GR
ID A
DA
PTIO
N•V
aria
ble
Elem
ent G
rid R
efin
emen
t usi
ng D
elau
nay
Proc
edur
e, A
utom
ated
Loa
d B
alan
cing
of A
dapt
ed G
rid
THE
RM
OC
HE
MIS
TRY
•Mul
ti-co
mpo
nent
Rea
l Gas
Mix
ture
s, Fi
nite
-Rat
e K
inet
ics
TUR
BU
LEN
CE
R
AN
S/LE
S
•k-e
psilo
n /E
ASM
For
mul
atio
ns w
ith C
ompr
essi
bilit
y/V
ortic
alU
pgra
des
•LES
Sub
grid
Scal
e M
odel
s –A
lgeb
raic
and
One
-equ
atio
n•A
lgeb
raic
(Sm
agor
insk
y) a
nd S
ingl
e Eq
uatio
n (k
) SG
S M
odel
s
MU
LTIP
HA
SE F
LOW
•Non
equi
libriu
mPa
rticl
e/D
ropl
et S
olve
rs (E
uler
ian
and
Lagr
angi
anFo
rmul
atio
ns)
•C
RU
NC
H C
FD c
ode
is c
urre
ntly
the
prim
ary
CFD
cod
e us
ed a
t Ste
nnis
.
•D
evel
opm
ent o
f rea
l-flu
ids
(cry
ogen
ics)
, aco
ustic
ally
acc
urat
e ca
vita
tion,
an
d flu
id-s
truct
ure
inte
ract
ion
mod
elin
g ca
pabi
litie
s ha
ve b
een
spon
sore
d by
NA
SA
Ste
nnis
und
er th
e N
AS
A S
BIR
pro
gram
.
•A
dditi
onal
cod
es s
uch
as O
ptim
al S
olut
ions
, Loc
i-Stre
am/C
hem
, CFX
and
A
NS
YS
are
bei
ng a
pplie
d as
wel
l.
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
10
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
NA
SA-S
SC C
ompu
tatio
n R
esou
rces
•Li
nux
Beo
wul
f Dis
kles
s C
lust
er–
48 D
ual C
PU
AM
D O
pter
on24
6 64
-bit
2.0G
Hz
w/ 2
GB
RA
M e
ach
–G
igab
it E
ther
net w
ith 3
Tru
nked
HP
Pro
Cur
ve28
48 S
witc
hes
–R
edH
atC
entO
S4.
3, 2
.6.9
-22.
0.1s
mp
kern
el–
PV
M (p
aral
lel v
irtua
l mac
hine
)&
MP
I (m
essa
ge p
assi
ng in
terfa
ce)m
essa
ge p
assi
ng
•Tw
o H
igh-
End
(64-
bit)
Wor
ksta
tions
–A
MD
Ath
lon
64-b
it 2.
0 G
Hz
(ser
vers
as
clus
ter h
ead
node
)
–D
ual C
PU
AM
D O
pter
on24
4 64
-bit
1.8G
Hz
(ser
ves
as p
rimar
y C
FD w
orks
tatio
n)
•Tw
o 2-
Tera
byte
Net
wor
k A
ttach
ed S
erve
rs w
ith B
acku
p C
ap.
•N
AS
A A
mes
Sup
erco
mpu
ting
Faci
lity
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
11
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
CFD
Mod
elin
g A
pplic
atio
ns
Cry
ogen
ic P
rope
llant
Del
iver
y Sy
stem
s(T
anks
& R
unlin
es)
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
12
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
Prop
ella
nt T
ank
Sim
ulat
ions
•Flo
w C
ondi
tions
Ass
esse
d–
2500
lb/s
ec L
OX
Dis
char
ge R
ate
–84
00 p
si T
ank
Pre
ssur
e M
aint
aine
d D
urin
g P
rope
llant
Dis
char
ge
•GN
Con
vect
ive
Mix
ing
with
LO
X
Pro
pella
nt is
Sub
stan
tial
–O
nly
50%
Loa
ded
LOX
is U
seab
le
(<~2
% N
2C
once
ntra
tion)
•LO
X P
rope
llant
Sup
ply
Lim
ited
to
App
roxi
mat
ely
4 se
cond
s(v
s an
Est
imat
ed
10 s
econ
ds D
eter
min
ed U
sing
Nom
inal
Fa
cilit
y P
ress
uriz
ing
Gas
& P
rope
llant
S
uppl
y Li
mits
)
E-1
Test
Fac
ility
Hig
h-Pr
essu
re L
OX
Tank
Dis
char
ge
•C
FD In
vest
igat
ions
Indi
cate
Pre
ssur
izin
g G
as D
iffus
er F
low
Sig
nific
antly
Lim
its
Flow
Dur
atio
n fo
r Hig
h Fl
ow R
ate
Cas
es
HP
LOX
Tank
Pro
pella
nt
Dis
char
ge S
imul
atio
n
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
13
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
Prop
ella
nt F
low
line
Sim
ulat
ions
Flow
-Lin
er In
let D
uct a
t E-1
60x6
0 M
esh
Scre
en
Dom
ed P
erfo
rate
d Pl
ate
(Flig
ht S
cree
n) CR
V
Velo
city
Mag
nitu
de
Swirl
Vel
ocity
•U
sed
k-ep
silo
n tu
rbul
ent C
FD a
naly
sis
to
dete
rmin
e flo
w q
ualit
y en
terin
g te
sts
artic
le
(con
cept
ual S
SM
E L
H2
turb
opum
p).
•S
cree
ns a
nd p
orou
s pl
ates
wer
e m
odel
ed
usin
g a
para
met
ric “s
tack
ed-s
pher
ical
bed
”m
odel
–pr
ovid
ed a
sou
rce
term
in m
omen
tum
eq
uatio
n fo
r pre
ssur
e dr
op (m
atch
ed to
ex
perim
enta
l dat
a)
•C
ompl
ex d
uct g
eom
etry
was
foun
d to
cau
se
sign
ifica
nt s
wirl
and
non
-uni
form
ity.
•U
pstre
am s
cree
n w
as o
bser
ved
to a
dver
sely
al
ter t
he e
xit f
low
pro
file
in th
at th
e sw
irlin
g flo
w a
ngle
dev
iatio
n w
as h
ighe
r (~2
deg
.) R
ELEA
SED
- Pr
inte
d do
cum
ents
may
be
obso
lete
; val
idat
e pr
ior t
o us
e.
14
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
Prop
ella
nt F
low
line
Sim
ulat
ions
•Te
st P
repa
ratio
n P
roce
dure
:1.
Slow
ly c
hill-
dow
n th
e ru
nlin
ew
alls
to th
e cr
yoge
nic
prop
ella
nt te
mpe
ratu
res
of 3
9o R
(19K
)2.
Pre
-test
ble
ed th
e ru
nlin
eto
flus
h ou
t any
re
mai
ning
hea
ted
fluid
s 3.
Con
duct
test
•P
robl
em E
ncou
nter
ed:
-LH
2ru
nlin
ede
liver
ed a
tran
sien
t war
m s
lug
to te
st a
rticl
e du
ring
initi
al s
tartu
p of
eng
ine
-W
arm
slu
g af
fect
s en
gine
per
form
ance
(T
hrus
t & Is
p)
Pre-
Test
Ble
ed o
f E-1
Liq
uid
Hyd
roge
n R
unlin
e
LH2
inle
t fro
m ta
nk
LH2
outle
t to
test
arti
cle
16-in
ch d
uct
12-in
ch
duct
12-in
ch
duct
•Fu
ndam
enta
l Que
stio
ns:
1.W
hat i
s th
e so
urce
of t
he w
arm
slu
g of
LH
2?
2.C
an th
e w
arm
slu
g be
pre
vent
ed th
roug
h m
odifi
catio
n of
the
test
ing
proc
edur
es o
r do
es it
requ
ire fa
cilit
y m
odifi
catio
ns?
LH2
Mas
s Fl
ow
E-1
Faci
lity
Exit
Tem
pera
ture
81%
PL85
%PL
9
0%PL
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
15
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
Prop
ella
nt F
low
line
Sim
ulat
ions
•U
sing
CFD
, eva
luat
ed e
ffici
ency
of t
he p
re-te
st b
leed
(13
lbm
/sec
) in
purg
ing
runl
ine
of w
arm
flui
d.
Out
flow
from
LH
2Ta
nk in
to
the
E-1
Run
line
Pre-
Test
Ble
ed o
f E-1
Liq
uid
Hyd
roge
n R
unlin
e
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
16
Tran
sitio
n to
/from
th
e 16
-inch
/12-
inch
D
iam
eter
Run
lines
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
Prop
ella
nt F
low
line
Sim
ulat
ions
Pre-
Test
Ble
ed o
f E-1
Liq
uid
Hyd
roge
n R
unlin
e
•U
sing
CFD
, eva
luat
ed e
ffici
ency
of t
he p
re-te
st b
leed
(13
lbm
/sec
) in
purg
ing
runl
ine
of w
arm
flui
d.
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
17
Pre-
Test
Ble
ed o
f E-1
Liq
uid
Hyd
roge
n R
unlin
e
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
Prop
ella
nt F
low
line
Sim
ulat
ions
•C
FD a
naly
sis
show
ed th
at th
e pr
e-te
st b
leed
flow
was
suf
ficie
ntto
flus
h th
e w
arm
LH
2fro
m th
e du
ct.
•R
esid
ual a
mou
nts
of L
H2
rem
aini
ng in
low
-spe
ed re
circ
ulat
ion
regi
ons
wer
e no
t suf
ficie
nt to
cau
se th
e w
arm
-slu
g ob
serv
ed
durin
g th
e te
sts.
•Fu
rther
ana
lysi
s sh
owed
that
the
caus
e of
the
war
m s
lug
was
du
e to
radi
ant h
ead
load
s to
the
vacu
um ja
cket
ed ru
n-lin
es
occu
rrin
g du
ring
the
time
betw
een
the
pre-
test
ble
ed a
nd th
e te
st
star
t (~3
min
utes
).
•R
educ
ed ti
me-
dela
ys b
etw
een
pre-
test
ble
ed a
nd te
st s
tart
redu
ced
the
mas
s an
d te
mpe
ratu
re o
f the
war
m L
H2
slug
. R
ELEA
SED
- Pr
inte
d do
cum
ents
may
be
obso
lete
; val
idat
e pr
ior t
o us
e.
18
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
CFD
Mod
elin
g A
pplic
atio
ns
Prop
ella
nt C
ontr
ol E
lem
ents
(Val
ve D
ynam
ics)
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
19
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
Prop
ella
nt C
ontr
ol V
alve
Sim
ulat
ions
Mod
ified
LO
X C
ontr
ol V
alve
2.75
”St
roke
3.25
”St
roke
3.75
”St
roke
Pres
sure
Val
ve B
ody
Flow
Plug
Plug
Val
ve B
ody
Velo
city
&
Stre
amlin
es
•C
FD U
sed
to P
redi
ct th
e Fl
ow F
ield
& C
vC
urve
for a
M
odifi
ed L
OX
Con
trol V
alve
•Y
ield
s a
Goo
d U
nder
stan
ding
of H
ow th
e Fl
ow F
ield
C
hang
es a
s th
e V
alve
Ope
ns &
Affe
cts
Cv
curv
e
•A
naly
sis
Rev
eals
Are
as W
here
Cav
itatio
n M
ay
Occ
ur a
s W
ell a
s A
reas
of H
igh
Vel
ocity
Tha
t Are
Im
porta
nt W
hen
the
Wor
king
Flu
id is
LO
X
LOX
Con
trol
Val
ve C
v: P
redi
cted
and
Exp
erim
enta
l
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Valv
e St
roke
(%op
en)
Discharge Coefficient Cv (gal/min/psi^0.5)
Exp
erim
enta
lC
ompu
tatio
nal F
luid
Dyn
amic
s P
redi
ctio
n
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
20
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
CFD
Mod
elin
g A
pplic
atio
ns
Prop
ella
nt F
low
Mea
sure
men
t Dev
ices
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
21
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
Flow
Mea
sure
men
t Dev
ice
Opt
imiz
atio
n -R
TD•
The
prim
ary
purp
ose
of th
is e
ffort
was
to a
sses
s O
ptim
al S
olut
ion’
s S
culp
tor s
oftw
are
in p
erfo
rmin
g:
1.M
anua
l sha
pe d
efor
mat
ion
with
out t
he n
eed
for C
FD g
rid re
gene
ratio
n.
2.P
erfo
rm C
FD-b
ased
opt
imiz
atio
nfo
r a re
leva
nt N
AS
A S
tenn
is c
ase.
•R
TD(re
sist
ance
tem
pera
ture
det
ecto
r) pr
obe
was
sel
ecte
d as
the
prim
ary
test
cas
e du
e to
thei
r pre
mat
ure
stru
ctur
al fa
ilure
s on
the
LOX
&
LH
2 pr
opel
lant
feed
-line
s of
the
NA
SA
Ste
nnis
E1
test
faci
lity.
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
22
•SE
M a
naly
sis
of th
e fa
iled
RTD
sby
W. J
orda
n of
Lou
isia
na T
ech
reve
aled
sev
eral
pos
sibl
e ca
uses
of f
ailu
re in
the
low
tem
pera
ture
en
viro
nmen
t:
•Th
e m
ajor
fact
ors
are
belie
ved
to b
e th
e du
ctile
tens
ile o
verlo
adin
g an
d re
vers
ed b
endi
ng d
ue to
dra
g on
the
RTD
.
Duc
tile
tens
ile o
verlo
ad c
lose
to th
e yi
eld
stre
ngth
Fatig
ue fa
ilure
due
to v
ibra
tion
in th
e sy
stem
(n
ot te
st c
ycle
s)
Rev
erse
d be
ndin
g re
sulti
ng in
cra
ckin
g at
ba
se o
f pro
bes
on o
ppos
ite s
ides
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
RTD
Opt
imiz
atio
n -B
ackg
roun
d
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
23
•Th
e du
ctile
tens
ile o
verlo
ads
are
attri
bute
d to
exc
essi
ve d
rag
on th
e R
TDs.
Sol
utio
n:O
ptim
ize
RTD
geo
met
ry b
y m
inim
izin
g flo
w-in
duce
d dr
ag
•R
ever
sed
bend
ing
and
vibr
atio
n fa
ilure
s co
uld
be a
ttrib
uted
to
unst
eady
vor
tex
shed
ding
bei
ng c
oupl
ed w
ith th
e na
tura
l fre
quen
cy o
f the
RTD
s.
Sol
utio
n:O
ptim
ize
RTD
geo
met
ry to
alte
r vor
tex
shed
ding
beh
avio
r
•Th
e re
vers
ed b
endi
ng c
ould
als
o be
a re
sult
of p
erio
dic
open
ing/
clos
ing
of fa
cilit
y va
lves
.
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
RTD
Opt
imiz
atio
n -B
ackg
roun
d
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
24
•B
ase
case
RTD
geo
met
ry is
a c
ircul
ar c
ylin
der m
ount
ed in
side
the
SS
C E
1 te
st fa
cilit
y’s
LOX
pro
pella
nt fe
edlin
e.
•E
1 LO
xte
st c
ondi
tions
con
duci
ve fo
r the
phe
nom
enon
of
“lock
-in”
flow
-indu
ced
vibr
atio
ns(f s
with
in +
/-30
% o
f fn)
.
u=20
.4 ft
/sec
Re R
TD=3
.14e
5 &
Re p
ipe=
7.64
e6
St=
0.2=
f s*D
/u
RTD
Geo
met
ry:
D=0
.34
inL=
3.25
in
Pip
e G
eom
etry
:
D=8
.3 in
NIS
T LO
X C
ondi
tions
:
ρ=71
.362
lbm
/ft3
T=20
0Rμ=
1.32
e-4
lbm
/ft-s
ec
f s=1
43 H
z w
ithin
18%
of f
n=17
5 H
z
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
RTD
Opt
imiz
atio
n –
Bas
e C
ase
Con
figur
atio
n
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
25
•S
culp
tor’s
arb
itrar
y sh
ape
defo
rmat
ion
(AS
D) t
ools
wer
e us
ed
to m
anua
lly d
efor
m b
ase
case
RTD
into
3 te
st g
eom
etrie
s w
ithou
t the
nee
d fo
r re-
grid
ding
:
1.R
ound
ed R
ecta
ngul
ar C
ylin
der
2.Fo
rwar
d Fa
cing
Tea
rdro
p
3.R
earw
ard
Faci
ng T
eard
rop
•S
tead
y-st
ate
sim
ulat
ions
wer
e pe
rform
ed fo
r eac
h de
sign
ch
ange
and
the
Z-m
omen
t on
the
RTD
was
mon
itore
d.
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
RTD
Opt
imiz
atio
n –
Man
ual S
hape
Def
orm
atio
ns
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
26
-0.20.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
020
040
060
080
010
00Ite
ratio
n #
Z-Moment
Rou
nded
Squ
are
Cyl
inde
r
Rev
erse
d Te
ardr
op
Forw
ard
Tear
drop
•R
esul
ts w
ere
in a
gree
men
t with
phy
sica
l exp
ecta
tions
.
•33
% re
duct
ion
in th
e Z-
mom
ent w
as o
btai
ned
with
the
forw
ard
faci
ng te
ardr
op (p
seud
o-ai
rfoil)
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
RTD
Opt
imiz
atio
n –
Man
ual S
hape
Def
orm
atio
ns
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
27
Bas
e C
ase
Mz=
0.41
6R
ever
sed
Tear
drop
Mz=
0.34
2
Forw
ard
Tear
drop
Mz=
0.26
9
Rou
nded
Rec
tang
le
Mz=
0.48
0R
TD Z
-mom
ents
ar
e pr
opor
tiona
l to
the
size
of t
he
wak
e re
gion
es
peci
ally
nea
r th
e tip
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
RTD
Opt
imiz
atio
n –
Man
ual S
hape
Def
orm
atio
ns
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
28
•S
culp
tor s
ucce
ssfu
lly re
ache
d a
stea
dy-s
tate
opt
imum
RTD
geo
met
ry
0
0.050.1
0.150.2
0.250.3
0.350.4
0.45
02
46
810
1214
Opt
imiz
er C
alls
Non-Dimensional Z-Moment
-0.4
-0.20.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
020
040
060
080
010
00Ite
ratio
n #
Non-Dimensional Z-Moment
Rou
nded
Squ
are
Cyl
inde
rR
ever
sed
Tear
drop
Forw
ard
Tear
drop
Opt
imiz
ed
64%
redu
ctio
nin
ste
ady-
stat
e Z-
Mom
ent
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
RTD
Opt
imiz
atio
n –
Impl
emen
tatio
n of
Gra
dien
t-Bas
ed O
ptim
izer
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
29
•S
tead
y-st
ate
optim
ized
RTD
pro
duce
d a
smal
ler a
nd m
ore
sym
met
rical
w
ake
givi
ng a
low
er d
rag
coef
ficie
nt.
•Fu
rther
ana
lysi
s (a
ngle
of a
ttack
, sw
irl, e
tc.)
wou
ld n
eed
to b
eco
nduc
ted
befo
re a
ny re
com
men
datio
n ca
n be
mad
e fo
r mod
ifyin
g th
e R
TD.
Opt
imiz
ed G
eom
etry
Mz=
0.41
6M
z=0.
149
Bas
e C
ase
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
RTD
Opt
imiz
atio
n –
Impl
emen
tatio
n of
Gra
dien
t-Bas
ed O
ptim
izer
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
30
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
CFD
Mod
elin
g A
pplic
atio
ns
Roc
ket P
lum
e M
odel
ing
(Hyd
roca
rbon
Plu
mes
and
Sta
ge T
estin
g)
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
31
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
Met
hane
Tec
hnol
ogy
Test
bed
Prog
ram
(MTT
P) P
lum
e Si
mul
atio
ns
•D
evel
op re
liabl
e C
FD m
etho
dolo
gies
for m
odel
ing
HC
plu
mes
•P
rovi
de s
uppo
rt fo
r plu
me
diag
nost
ic e
fforts
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
32
α
L/D
=20
α
r /D=1
2
Inle
t Bou
ndar
y
Free
strea
m B
ound
ary
Exit
Boun
dary
Sym
met
ry B
ound
ary
Ant
icip
ated
Plu
me B
ound
ary
(α
=hal
f ang
le sp
read
ing
rate
~ 5
-6 d
egre
es)
Noz
zle B
ound
ary
r/D=1
0
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
MTT
P Pl
ume
Sim
ulat
ions
–C
FD D
omai
n D
efin
ition
Ope
ratin
g C
ondi
tions
Pc=
150
psia
O/F
=2.0
(Phi
~ 2
.0)
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
33
•Im
plem
ente
d fin
er fi
delit
y in
to th
e C
FD m
odel
at a
n in
crem
enta
l lev
el
dem
onst
rate
d th
e im
pact
of t
he m
odel
ing
assu
mpt
ions
.
Invi
scid
/Idea
l Gas
Tu
rbul
ent/I
deal
Gas
Tu
rbul
ent/R
eal G
as
•S
hock
loca
tions
and
axia
l dec
ay in
gas
pro
perti
esw
ere
impa
cted
by
both
turb
ulen
ce (k
-eps
ilon
mod
el) a
nd re
al-g
as (1
3-sp
ecie
s) e
ffect
s.
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
MTT
P Pl
ume
Sim
ulat
ions
–C
FD M
odel
Fid
elity M
olec
ular
&
Turb
ulen
t Diff
usio
n E
ffect
s
Rea
l Gas
Effe
cts
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
34
•R
eal-g
as tu
rbul
ent r
eact
ing
mod
elpr
edic
ted
corr
ectly
–S
hock
-cel
l loc
atio
ns a
nd s
izes
–
App
roxi
mat
e je
t spr
eadi
ng ra
tes
–O
bser
ved
nozz
le fl
ow s
epar
atio
n
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
MTT
P Pl
ume
Sim
ulat
ions
–C
FD M
odel
Val
idat
ion
Sepa
ratio
n B
ubbl
e
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
35
•C
FD d
ata
was
use
d to
sup
port
para
llel e
fforts
in th
e ex
perim
enta
l plu
me
diag
nost
ics
and
line-
by-li
ne s
pect
ral r
adia
tion
anal
ysis
.
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
MTT
P Pl
ume
Sim
ulat
ions
–C
FD M
odel
Val
idat
ion
12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Spectral Radiance (µWatts/sr cm2 nm)
550
500
450
400
350
Wav
elen
gth
(nm
) Tes
t_18
d P
C =
140
.500
O/F
= 1
.627
Tes
t_21
c P
C =
145
.709
O/F
= 1
.887
Var
iatio
n in
O/F
Rat
ioC
ham
ber P
ress
ure
Con
stan
tO
H (0
,0)
Ban
d
CH
390
0 Å
Ban
d
CH
430
0 Å
Ban
d
C2
Sw
anB
and
C2
Sw
anB
and
C2
Sw
anB
and
Expe
rimen
tal V
aria
tion
in S
pect
ral
Emis
sion
s w
ith O
/F R
atio
Cou
rtesy
of G
opal
Tejw
ani
NA
SA S
SC
Cou
rtesy
of L
este
r Lan
gfor
d N
ASA
SS
C
Line
-by-
Line
Hyd
roca
rbon
Sp
ectr
al C
alcu
latio
ns
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
36
•Tw
o ne
w tr
ansp
ort v
ehic
les
(AR
ES V
and
I) h
ave
been
pro
pose
d to
su
ppor
t exp
lora
tion
effo
rts u
nder
the
new
ly d
efin
ed C
onst
ella
tion
Pro
gram
.
•N
AS
A S
tenn
is w
ill p
lay
an im
porta
nt ro
le in
the
test
ing
and
certi
ficat
ion
of
the
AR
ES
prim
ary
pow
er-p
lant
s (R
S-68
and
J-2
X).
J-2X
Alti
tude
Diff
user
Sim
ulat
ion
(300
K-lb
f)
AR
ES I
RS-
68 T
est @
B-1
(650
K-lb
f)
AR
ES V
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
Con
cept
ual A
RES
Sta
ge T
ests
-B
ackg
roun
d
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
37
•In
pre
para
tion
for t
he
Con
stel
latio
n pr
ogra
m,
prop
osal
s fo
r NA
SA
Ste
nnis
to
cond
uct A
RE
S V
& I
stag
e te
sts
wer
e m
ade.
•D
ue to
test
sch
edul
es a
nd
load
ing/
unlo
adin
g is
sues
of t
he
vehi
cle
stag
es, t
he fe
asib
ility
of
cond
uctin
g A
RES
V s
tage
test
s w
ith th
e A
RES
I st
age
pres
ent
on th
e B
-2 te
st s
tand
was
br
ough
t int
o qu
estio
n.SA
TUR
N V
Stag
e Te
st a
t NA
SA S
tenn
is
B-2
Tes
t Sta
nd(5
LO
x/R
P-1
F-1
Engi
nes
–7.
76 M
-lbf)
AR
ES
V –
3.25
M-lb
fLO
x/H
2A
RE
S I
–0.
30 M
-lbfL
Ox/
H2
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
Con
cept
ual A
RES
Sta
ge T
ests
-B
ackg
roun
d
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
38
•Fo
rwar
d al
ignm
ent o
f the
co
ncep
tual
AR
ES V
coul
d ca
use:
1.U
ndes
irabl
e pl
ume
defle
ctio
n
2.E
xces
sive
plu
me
heat
ing
(def
lect
or &
asp
irato
r)
3.A
cous
tic/v
ibra
tiona
l dam
age
to
test
arti
cles
•A
ft al
ignm
ent o
f the
co
ncep
tual
AR
ES I
coul
d ca
use:
1.E
xces
sive
def
lect
or h
eatin
g du
e to
redu
ced
nozz
le/d
efle
ctor
se
para
tion
dist
ance
AR
ES V
AR
ES
I
No
CFD
mod
el o
f the
B-2
test
sta
nd e
xist
ed th
at w
ould
ena
ble
us to
ana
lyze
an
d ad
dres
s so
me
of th
ese
issu
es.
PR
O-E
CA
D M
odel
of t
heP
ropo
sed
Test
Con
figur
atio
n
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
Con
cept
ual A
RES
Sta
ge T
ests
–Po
tent
ial I
ssue
s
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
39
•4.
3 m
illio
n un
stru
ctur
ed g
rid c
ells
(par
titio
ned
to ru
n on
90
CP
Us)
•Id
eal-g
as, c
hem
ical
ly fr
ozen
flow
•D
ry-p
lum
eC
FD m
odel
ing
of tw
o-ph
ase
defle
ctor
wat
er c
oolin
g th
roug
h th
ousa
nds
of ~
1/8”
diam
eter
hol
es o
n th
is s
cale
is c
urre
ntly
not
feas
ible
Grid
requ
irem
ents
to re
solv
e flo
w is
bey
ond
curr
ent t
echn
olog
y
Two-
phas
e ph
ysic
s ar
e be
ing
inco
rpor
ated
in fu
ture
ver
sion
of t
he
CR
UN
CH
cod
e un
der a
cur
rent
SB
IR c
ontra
ct w
ith C
RA
FT-T
ech
that
will
en
able
app
roxi
mat
e m
odel
ing
of th
e co
olin
g flo
w.
Bas
ic s
truct
ure
of w
et-p
lum
e w
ill b
e si
mila
r to
the
dry-
plum
e
CFD
dry
-plu
me
data
can
be
used
to g
uide
eng
inee
ring
leve
l ca
lcul
atio
ns (c
orre
latio
ns/e
xper
ienc
e) fo
r fut
ure
cool
ing
mod
ifica
tions
.
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
Con
cept
ual A
RES
Sta
ge T
ests
–C
FD M
etho
dolo
gy
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
40
•Te
st a
rticl
e, s
tand
, and
gro
und
cont
oure
d by
Tem
pera
ture
•
Iso-
ther
mal
sur
face
@ 1
000
K c
olor
ed b
y V
eloc
ity•
Eng
ine
stre
amlin
es (r
ed)
•Pl
ume
entra
inm
ent s
tream
lines
(whi
te)
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
Con
cept
ual A
RES
Sta
ge T
ests
–R
esul
ts
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
41
•Ti
me-
aver
aged
plu
me
cros
s-se
ctio
n te
mpe
ratu
re c
onto
urs
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
Con
cept
ual A
RES
Sta
ge T
ests
–R
esul
ts
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
42
•Ti
me-
aver
aged
un-
cool
ed w
all s
urfa
ce te
mpe
ratu
res
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
Con
cept
ual A
RES
Sta
ge T
ests
–R
esul
ts
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
43
•Ti
me-
aver
aged
un-
cool
ed w
all s
urfa
ce p
ress
ures
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
Con
cept
ual A
RES
Sta
ge T
ests
–R
esul
ts
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
44
•Ti
me-
aver
aged
un-
cool
ed w
all s
urfa
ce p
ress
ures
& s
hock
sur
face
s
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
Con
cept
ual A
RES
Sta
ge T
ests
–R
esul
ts
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
45
•Ti
me-
aver
aged
cen
terli
ne (x
-slic
e) c
onto
urs
RS-
68 T
est @
B-1
(660
K-lb
f)
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
Con
cept
ual A
RES
Sta
ge T
ests
–R
esul
ts
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
46
•Ti
me-
aver
aged
off-
cent
er (x
-slic
e) c
onto
urs
RS-
68 T
est @
B-1
(660
K-lb
f)
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
Con
cept
ual A
RES
Sta
ge T
ests
–R
esul
ts
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
47
Cap
abili
ties/
Com
pete
ncy:
•P
rovi
ded
the
uniq
ue c
apab
ility
of m
odel
ing
and
anal
yzin
g th
e B
-2
test
sta
nd fl
ow-fi
eld
at fu
ll-sc
ale.
•P
rovi
ded
the
expe
rienc
e ba
sefo
r fut
ure
CFD
plu
me
mod
elin
g of
N
AS
A S
tenn
is te
st s
tand
s.
Lear
ning
s/In
sigh
t:
1.P
rovi
ded
a ph
ysic
al u
nder
stan
ding
of th
e A
RE
S V
plu
me
dyna
mic
s an
d its
impi
ngem
ent c
hara
cter
istic
s in
term
s of
pla
cem
ent o
n th
ede
flect
or, s
ize
and
shap
e, a
nd u
n-co
oled
tem
pera
ture
s/pr
essu
res.
This
will
pro
ve to
ser
ve a
s a
valu
able
gui
de fo
r fut
ure
engi
neer
ing
calc
ulat
ions
& a
cous
tic/v
ibra
tiona
l stu
dies
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
Con
cept
ual A
RES
Sta
ge T
ests
–Va
lue
Add
ed
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
48
Cap
abili
ties/
Com
pete
ncy:
•P
rovi
ded
the
uniq
ue c
apab
ility
of m
odel
ing
and
anal
yzin
g th
e B
-2
test
sta
nd fl
ow-fi
eld
at fu
ll-sc
ale.
•P
rovi
ded
the
expe
rienc
e ba
sefo
r fut
ure
CFD
plu
me
mod
elin
g of
N
AS
A S
tenn
is te
st s
tand
s.
Lear
ning
s/In
sigh
t:
1.P
rovi
ded
a ph
ysic
al u
nder
stan
ding
of th
e A
RE
S V
plu
me
dyna
mic
s an
d its
impi
ngem
ent c
hara
cter
istic
s in
term
s of
pla
cem
ent o
n th
ede
flect
or, s
ize
and
shap
e, a
nd u
n-co
oled
tem
pera
ture
s/pr
essu
res.
This
will
pro
ve to
ser
ve a
s a
valu
able
gui
de fo
r fut
ure
engi
neer
ing
calc
ulat
ions
& a
cous
tic/v
ibra
tiona
l stu
dies
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
Con
cept
ual A
RES
Sta
ge T
ests
–Va
lue
Add
ed
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
49
NA
SA-S
SC C
FD M
odel
ing
Act
iviti
es
Con
clud
ing
Rem
arks
•N
AS
A S
tenn
is S
pace
Cen
ter i
s th
e na
tion’
s le
ad fa
cilit
y fo
r fu
ll-sc
ale
liqui
d ro
cket
eng
ine
test
ing.
•Te
stin
g at
the
com
pone
nt, e
ngin
e an
d st
age
leve
ls a
re
esse
ntia
l for
mai
ntai
ning
cur
rent
spa
ce fl
ight
cap
abili
ties
and
redu
cing
the
asso
ciat
ed ri
sks.
•C
ompu
tatio
nal m
odel
ing
supp
ort o
f the
test
ope
ratio
ns a
t S
tenn
is is
con
tinua
lly g
row
ing
in d
eman
d.
•Th
e S
tenn
is m
odel
ing
com
mun
ity is
con
stan
tly lo
okin
g to
ap
ply
new
val
idat
ed te
chno
logi
es in
the
day-
to-d
ay w
orki
ng
envi
ronm
ent.
REL
EASE
D -
Prin
ted
docu
men
ts m
ay b
e ob
sole
te; v
alid
ate
prio
r to
use.
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