cfd computations for nasa trap wing using the code hifun · introductiontypical gridsresults: case...

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

CFD computations for NASA TRAP

WING using the code HiFUN

Ravindra K., Nikhil Vijay Shende & N. BalakrishnanComputational Aerodynamics Laboratory,

Department of Aerospace Engineering,Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012

First AIAA High Lift Prediction Workshop, Chicago, ILJune 26–27, 2010

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 1/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Outline

1 Introduction

2 Typical grids

3 Results: Case 1–Grid convergence

4 Conclusions

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 2/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Outline

1 Introduction

2 Typical grids

3 Results: Case 1–Grid convergence

4 Conclusions

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 3/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Introduction

Tools employed

Grid generation for NASA TRAP WING is carried outusing GAMBIT and TGRID, commercial grid generatorsfrom ANSYS available at Supercomputer Education andResearch Centre (SERC), IISc.

Flow computations for TRAP WING are performed usingthe code HiFUN, a commercial flow solver fromSimulation and Innovation Engineering Solutions (SandI)available at CAd Lab, Department of AerospaceEngineering, IISc.

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 4/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Introduction continued

Tools employed continued

Post-processing is carried out using TECPLOT availableat SERC, IISc.

The compute platform used in the present study is IBMBlue Gene available at SERC, IISc. Hardware details ofBlue Gene are as follows:

4096 2-way SMP nodes (8192 processors)IBM PowerPC 440x5 processors operating at 700 Mhz32-bit1 GB main memory per node with a total of 4 TB forthe clusterGigabit network with Cisco 6500 Gigabit switch.

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 5/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Features of code HiFUNHiFUN: HIgh Resolution Flow Solver on UNstructured Meshes

Algorithmic features

Unstructured cell centre finite volume methodology.

Higher order accuracy: linear reconstruction procedure.

Flux limiting: Venkatakrishnan Limiter.

Inviscid flux computation: Roe scheme.

Convergence acceleration: matrix free symmetric GaussSeidel relaxation procedure.

The viscous flux discretization: Green–Gauss theorembased diamond path reconstruction.

Eddy viscosity computation: Spalart Allmaras TM.

Parallelization: MPI.

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 6/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Outline

1 Introduction

2 Typical grids

3 Results: Case 1–Grid convergence

4 Conclusions

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 7/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Config 1: Surface grids

Coarse Medium FineField cells: 7695034 21903245 63305904

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 8/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Config 1: Surface grids, tip zoomed view

Coarse Medium Fine

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 9/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Configuration 1: Grid details

Grid details

Grid Type Coarse Medium FineField Nodes 3088347 8188411 22419724Field Cells 7695034 21903245 63305904

Boundary Nodes 135004 236077 527552Boundary Faces 263557 459285 1035372BL 1st–Cell (in) 0.00020 0.00013 0.00009

BL Cells 21 31 36

Note

Boundary layer is grown using aspect ratio based algorithm.

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 10/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Computational details

Resource details

Grid: Medium grid for configuration 1 with about 21million field cells

Computer Platform: Blue Gene with IBM PowerPCprocessors

Operating system: Unix

Compiler: XL FORTRAN 90

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 11/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Computational details continued

Resource details continued

Number of processors: 128

Memory requirement of HiFUN: Approximately 800 MBper million of grid size

Convergence criterion: 9–10 decades fall in energy residuewith change in drag count over 100 iterations to be lessthan 1

Number of iterations: Typically 6000–8000

Run time Wall clock: 60–80 hours

Expected run time on 128 nodes of a Xeon based cluster:15–20 hours (based on our our experience in SPICES–09)

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 12/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Outline

1 Introduction

2 Typical grids

3 Results: Case 1–Grid convergence

4 Conclusions

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 13/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Outline

3 Results: Case 1–Grid convergenceStreamlines: α = 13o

Streamlines: α = 28o

Cp comparison: α = 13o

Cp comparison: α = 28o

Integrated coefficients comparisonTypical convergence histories

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 14/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Config 1 streamlines: Overall viewM∞ = 0.2,Re∞ = 4.3 million, α = 13o

Coarse Medium Fine

With grid refinement, a significant difference in separationpattern can be seen on the body pod above the flap.

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 15/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Config 1 streamlines: Main elementM∞ = 0.2,Re∞ = 4.3 million, α = 13o

Coarse Medium Fine

Flow on main element is predominantly chord–wise.

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 16/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Config 1 streamlines: Flap–body podM∞ = 0.2,Re∞ = 4.3 million, α = 13o

Coarse Medium Fine

The bubble at flap–body pod junction grows in size with gridrefinement.

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 17/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Config 1 streamlines: Tip regionM∞ = 0.2,Re∞ = 4.3 million, α = 13o

Coarse Medium Fine

The span-wise extent and chord-wise position ofseparation line on the flap upper surface does not changewith grid refinement.

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 18/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Outline

3 Results: Case 1–Grid convergenceStreamlines: α = 13o

Streamlines: α = 28o

Cp comparison: α = 13o

Cp comparison: α = 28o

Integrated coefficients comparisonTypical convergence histories

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 19/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Config 1 streamlines: Overall viewM∞ = 0.2,Re∞ = 4.3 million, α = 28o

Coarse Medium Fine

The complex flow over body pod exhibits multiple separationand re-attachment lines.

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 20/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Config 1 streamlines: Main elementM∞ = 0.2,Re∞ = 4.3 million, α = 28o

Coarse Medium Fine

Flow on main element is predominantly chord–wise.

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 21/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Config 1 streamlines: Flap–body podM∞ = 0.2,Re∞ = 4.3 million, α = 28o

Coarse Medium Fine

The separation bubble size at flap–body pod junction isunaffected with grid refinement (unlike for α = 13o case).

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 22/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Config 1 streamlines: Tip regionM∞ = 0.2,Re∞ = 4.3 million, α = 28o

Coarse Medium Fine

The span-wise extent and chord-wise position ofseparation line on the flap upper surface does not changewith grid refinement (also for α = 13o case).

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 23/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Outline

3 Results: Case 1–Grid convergenceStreamlines: α = 13o

Streamlines: α = 28o

Cp comparison: α = 13o

Cp comparison: α = 28o

Integrated coefficients comparisonTypical convergence histories

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 24/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Config 1: Cp comparison on slatM∞ = 0.2,Re∞ = 4.30 million, α = 13o

17 % 50 % 98 %

Good Cp comparison on upper surface at each station.

Poor Cp comparison on lower surface involving underbellybubble: limitation of turbulence model.

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 25/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Config 1: Cp comparison on main elementM∞ = 0.2,Re∞ = 4.30 million, α = 13o

17 % 50 % 98 %

Good Cp comparison at 17 % & 50 % stations.

Inadequate grid resolution to capture tip vortices (even) onfine grid has resulted in not–so–good Cp comparison beyondmid–chord location on upper surface at 98 % station.

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 26/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Config 1: Cp comparison on flapM∞ = 0.2,Re∞ = 4.30 million, α = 13o

17 % 50 % 98 %

Good Cp comparison at 17 % & 50 % stations.

Inadequate grid resolution to capture tip vortices (even) onfine grid has resulted in not–so–good Cp comparison on uppersurface at 98 % station.

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 27/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Outline

3 Results: Case 1–Grid convergenceStreamlines: α = 13o

Streamlines: α = 28o

Cp comparison: α = 13o

Cp comparison: α = 28o

Integrated coefficients comparisonTypical convergence histories

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 28/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Config 1: Cp comparison on slatM∞ = 0.2,Re∞ = 4.30 million, α = 28o

17 % 50 % 98 %

Good Cp comparison on upper surface at all stations.

Reduction in (disappearance of) separation on lower surfacehas led to good Cp prediction at all stations.

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 29/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Config 1: Cp comparison on main elementM∞ = 0.2,Re∞ = 4.30 million, α = 28o

17 % 50 % 98 %

Good Cp comparison at 17 % & 50 % stations.

Inadequate grid resolution to capture tip vortices (even) onfine grid has resulted in not–so–good Cp comparison beyondquarter–chord location on upper surface at 98 % station.

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 30/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Config 1: Cp comparison on flapM∞ = 0.2,Re∞ = 4.30 million, α = 28o

17 % 50 % 98 %

Good Cp comparison at 17 % station.

Severe adverse pressure gradient on the flap leading to apossible flow separation not captured in the numerics;compounded by inadequate resolution of tip vortices leadingto not–so–good Cp comparison at 50 % and 98 % stations.

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 31/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Outline

3 Results: Case 1–Grid convergenceStreamlines: α = 13o

Streamlines: α = 28o

Cp comparison: α = 13o

Cp comparison: α = 28o

Integrated coefficients comparisonTypical convergence histories

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 32/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Comparison of Lift coefficientM∞ = 0.2,Re∞ = 4.3 million

Overall view Zoom:α = 13o Zoom:α = 28o

With grid refinement, the computed lift coefficients forα = 13o and α = 28o are tending to the experimental values.

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 33/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Comparison of Drag coefficientM∞ = 0.2,Re∞ = 4.3 million

Overall view Zoom:α = 13o Zoom:α = 28o

With grid refinement, the computed drag coefficient forα = 28o is tending to the experimental value.

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 34/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Comparison of Moment coefficientM∞ = 0.2,Re∞ = 4.3 million

Overall view Zoom:α = 13o Zoom:α = 28o

With grid refinement, the computed moment coefficients forα = 13o and α = 28o are tending to the experimental values.

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 35/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Outline

3 Results: Case 1–Grid convergenceStreamlines: α = 13o

Streamlines: α = 28o

Cp comparison: α = 13o

Cp comparison: α = 28o

Integrated coefficients comparisonTypical convergence histories

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 36/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Convergence history: Fine grid, α = 130

Fine grid: M∞ = 0.2,Re∞ = 4.3 million

Relative Residue CL,CD evolution ∆CL,∆CD counts

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 37/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Convergence history: Fine grid, α = 280

Fine grid: M∞ = 0.2,Re∞ = 4.3 million

Relative Residue CL,CD evolution ∆CL,∆CD counts

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 38/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Outline

1 Introduction

2 Typical grids

3 Results: Case 1–Grid convergence

4 Conclusions

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 39/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Concluding remarks

Conclusions

In the present work, results of RANS computations forNASA TRAP WING using the code HiFUN are presented.

During grid generation the guidelines provided byworkshop committee are followed, except for the numberof field cells.

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 40/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Concluding remarks

Grid convergence study: α = 13o and α = 28o

Separation bubble is seen at flap–body pod junction forboth angles of attack.

At α = 13o , separation bubble becomes more pronouncedwith grid refinement.

Separation line is seen on upper surface of flap for bothangles of attack.

The chord-wise location and span-wise extent of theseparation line does not change with grid refinement.

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 41/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Concluding remarks

Grid convergence study: α = 13o and α = 28o

An overall good comparison of computed andexperimental Cp distributions can be seen on uppersurfaces of slat, main element and flap.

Cp comparison on the lower surface of slat in theunderbelly separation region is poor owing to thelimitation of turbulence model.

Better prediction of Cp for higher incidence (α = 28o) onthe slat lower surface is indicative of better flowalignment at higher incidences resulting in subduedseparation activity.

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 42/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Concluding remarks

Grid convergence study: α = 13o and α = 28o

Cp comparison near the tips of main element and flap isnot–so–good owing to inadequate grid resolution incapturing vortices and can be improved with further gridrefinement.

With grid refinement, lift, drag and moment coefficientstend towards experimental values.

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Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Acknowledgments

Authors wish to thank

Prof. Govindarajan, Chairman, Supercomputer Education andResearch Centre (SERC), IISc for the use of IBM Blue Gene.

Mr. Satish Regode for his help in post-processing the results.

Dr. P. R. Viswanath (Boeing, India) for his useful commentson the work.

Dr. Mori Mani (Boeing) for kindly agreeing to make thispresentation on their behalf.

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 44/45

Introduction Typical grids Results: Case 1–Grid convergence Conclusions

Thank you

Thank you

Thank you

Contact

Ravindra K.: ravindra.k@sandi.co.in

Nikhil Vijay Shende: nikvijay@aero.iisc.ernet.in

N. Balakrishnan: nbalak@aero.iisc.ernet.in

Ravindra et.al. — HiLiftPW1: CFD computations for TRAP WING using HiFUN 45/45