cereal systems initiative for south asia (csisa) objective 2 j.k. ladha
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Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia (CSISA)
Objective 2
J.K. Ladha
Process
ResearchDevelopment and
Evaluation of OptionsDelivery
Ecological Intensification
Hubs + Platform
Inputs
Hubs + Platform
InputsICRM (CA)ICRM (CA)
PoliciesPolicies
Farmer
Training/CCATraining/CCA
Customized System
Solutions
Customized System
Solutions
System Varieties R,
W, M
System Varieties R,
W, M
Public – Private PartnershipPublic – Private Partnership
Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia
MarketMarket
CSISA-Objective 2
1. Background – Thinking
2. Activities
Outline
3. Site of Action, CS Targets
4. Experimental Platform – Design
5. Performance Target Indicators
CSISA-Objective 2
• Conservation Agriculture/RCT
Crop and Resource Management Practices for Sustainable Future Cereal
Based System
• Ecological Intensification
• CA promotes minimum disturbance of soil by zero or reduced tillage, balanced and crop need based application of chemical inputs, and skilful management of crop residues and wastes.
Conservation Agriculture (CA)
• Evidence-based process of identifying best management practices for innovative crop production systems through high-quality scientific research and participatory evaluation.
Ecological Intensification (EI)
• Measurable indicators and corresponding reference values for productivity; profitability, resource efficiency, sustainability, ecological resilience and environmental performance.
• Conservation tillage with other best practices can help meet the food demand, protect the environment and provide income to the farmer.
Underlined Assumption
Integrated Crop and Resource Management“Ecological Intensification”
Integrated Crop and Resource Management“Ecological Intensification”
Crop Management
NRM
Productivity with optimal external inputs
Variety
Fertilizer
Pesticides
Labor
Energy
Land • Leveling
• Tillage / CE
Residue
Water
Climate
Conservation and efficient use of natural resources
Conservation Agriculture
CSISA: Target Crop Rotations
(8.05 Mha)
Objective 2: Activities
2.2 Analyze and design principal choices for cereal systems and their management and breeding targets
2.3 Process research to design next generation of cereal system and long-term analysis – Experimental Plaform
2.4 Long-term performance analysis2.5 Assessment of opportunities for
livestock integration
2.1 Participatory adaptation and improvement of new technologies (those not yet ready for large scale dissemination).
System Tailored Genotypes
System Tailored Genotypes
Pest Managemen
t
Pest Managemen
t
Water Management
Water Management
Residue Management
Residue Management
Nutrient Management
(SSNM)
Nutrient Management
(SSNM)
CSISA Objective 2.1 & 2.2
Minimally-tilled Dry Drill-Seeded Residue-Mulched Cereal Production System that are Efficient in
Labor, Water, Energy, and N Fertilizer use
Land Preparation / Crop Establishment
Adaptation &
improvement of ICRM/CA
System
CSISA- Experimental Platforms
• Timeframe: 10 years, with short- and medium-term objectives
• Few but innovative, forward-looking food or food & energy production systems
• High cropping intensity: 2 or more crops/year
• Production scale technologies: large plots• Follow conservation agriculture principles
and develop new ones• Full integration of elite germplasm• Dynamic best management practices• High-quality measurements• Multi-disciplinary teams• Capacity building
India
Pakistan Nepal
Bangladesh
Lahore, Pakistan
CSISA – Delivery Hubs & Research Platforms
Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai
Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal
Research PlatformBARI/BRRI
ICAR Complex for Eastern Region, Patna
Experimental Platform- Concept and Design
Essential Essential Desirable Essential Essential Essential
Crop rotation
Most popular
Most popular
Most popular
Most popular Emerging Up-and-coming
External input use (CM)
Natural input use and conservation (NRM or RCTs)
Farmers practice
Best available practice
Farmer practice
Best available practice
Best available practice
Up-and-coming
Farmer practice
Farmer practice
Best available practice
Best available practice
Best available practice
Up-and-coming
Current - 1 Current - 2
Current - 3 Futuristic – 1
Futuristic - 2 Futuristic - 3
Up-and-coming
Diversification /nutrition
Increasing food demand and degrading soil, water and labor resources
Degrading soil, water and labor resources
Increasing food demand
Business as usual
Drivers of change
Dummy Scenario 5Scenario 4Scenario 3Scenario 2Scenario 1Scenarios
Performance Indicators and Targets
S. No Indicator
1 Cropping intensity (%)
2 Tillage
3 Planting (Labor use efficiency)
4 Grain yield (% of climatic potential)
5 WUE (kg grain m3 water)
6 Irrigation water use (l/kg grain)
7 NUE AEN
REN
8 Biocide residue index
9 Specific energy (Mj/kg)
10 Crop health index
11 Soil health quality score
12 GWP (Kg CO2 equi/ha)
13 Net income (US $/ha)
14 By product (straw) use livestock Energy
YesYes
YesNo
300-350200-250
2500-35003500-4000
M-HL-M
2.02.52
70-8070-80
>25>50
18-2430-40
2000-30003000-4000
0.32-0.350.25-0.3
70-8040-60
Drill-seedingTransplanting
Minimal (reduced or no tillage)
Intensive (dry and wet tillage / puddling)
Aerobic Rice System (Target)
Conventional Rice System (Reference)
>200200
L-M M-H
Mode Depth of recording
(m)
EM 31 Vertical 6.0
Horizontal 3.0
EM 38 Vertical 1.5
Horizontal 0.75
EM SurveyEM SurveyEM SurveyEM Survey
EM 31
EM 38
Under normal condition
• Highest conductivity readings represent high clay content and low drainage
• Elevated reading indicate potential saline condition
• Low conductivity readings indicate relatively coarse textured soils and
good drainage
Karnal Research Platform• Total survey area: 3.6 ha• Three management zones
• EM38- horizontal and vertical; and EM 31-horizontal conducted• Conductivity range: 12 mS/m
to 123 mS/m • Good correlation between EM
38 and EM 31• North-western part has not been reclaimed and had high EM values• Total area was divided in 4 EM zones• Soil Samples upto 2 m depth collected from all zones• Analysis will be conducted at
IRRI India central laboratory in Modipuram
EM Survey: Karnal
Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia Objective 2
• Developing crop and resource management practices for sustainable future cereal based systems
• Evaluating Weed Management Solutions For Zero Till Direct Seeded Rice
• Systems and Nitrogen Use Efficient Crops to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions in South Asia
• Evaluation of rice varieties/hybrids under zero till and mechanized direct seeded condition
Major Activities:
Experimental Platform
Cropping System- KarnalCropping System- Karnal
Nov Dec Jan Feb Marc April May June July Aug Sept Oct
CT-TPR
CT-TPR-ICRM (Mungbean straw
incorporated)
CT-BCW
ZT-DSW (anchored stubbles ~15 cm rice)
ZT-DSW (Full residue rice)
ZT-DSMu (anchored
stubbles ~10 cm wheat)
ZT-DSMu (anchored
stubbles ~30 cm wheat)
ZT-DSR (Mungbean straw
retention)
ZT-DSM (Mungbean straw
retention)
ZT-DSW (50% stubbles of maize)
ZT-DSMu (anchored
stubbles ~10 cm wheat)
ZT-DSMu (anchored
stubbles ~10 cm wheat)
Scenario 1
Scenario 2
Scenario 3
Scenario 4
Layout of Research Platform
Farm Building
50m
Tube well
Re
p
1
Re
p 2
Re
p 3
50m
Re
p
1
50m
Tube well
Re
p
1
Scenario 4
Scenario 3Scenario 2
Scenario 1Scenario 3
Scenario 1Scenario 2
Scenario 4Scenario 3
Scenario 4Scenario 2
Scenario 1
Weedy plot
100 m
N0
P0
K0
NPK
100 m
Crop Biomass
Crop Health
5 x 3m5 x 5m
Crop biomass
Crop health
Weedy
Actual
Weed free
Weed plots
Details of Different Scenarios
Scenarios Drivers of change Crop rotations
Tillage Crop establishment
Scenario 1
Business as usual Rice-wheat (current)
CT-CT Transplanted-broadcast
Scenario 2
Increasing food demand Rice-wheat -mungbean
CT-ZT-ZT
Transplanted-drill-seeding
Scenario 3
Increasing food demand, Degrading natural resources, energy and labor crises
Rice-wheat-Mungbean
ZT-ZT-ZT
Drill-seeding
Scenario 4
Food and nutritional security, farm profitability and improved quality of natural resources, higher input use efficiency
Maize-wheat-Mungbean (futuristic)
ZT-ZT-ZT
Drill-seeding
Data Recording Crop health Soil health Environmental health (Green house gas
studies) Agronomic/Yield paraments Input Efficiency Water balance Bench mark surveys Weed dynamics and management Economics Crop, soil, water modelling PhD student at each site
ScenariosTractor run
(hr/ha)
Fuel consumption
(l/ha)Energy requirement
(MJ/ha)
1 4.67 41.30 3056
2 2.08 6.00 343
3 3.40 12.75 726
4 3.75 12.75 726
Time and energy requirement under different scenarios for wheat sowing
Weed Management in DSR: Karnal
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T10 T11 T12
Yie
ld (
T/h
a)
Only chem ical
Chem ical + 1 HW
18 32 43 39 31 21 28 19 16(94) 67 man-days
a
bcde
efcde
def ef
abcabcd
a
f
T1= Pendi (Pre) fb azim (post)
T2= Pyrozosulfuron (pre) fb bispy (post)
T3= Penoxsulam (post)
T4= Bispyribac (post)
T5= Fenoxaprop+azim (post)
T6= Propanil + triclopyr (post)
T7= Pendi (pre)+ sesbania co-culture
T10= Bispy+azim (post)
T11= weed free
T12= Weedy
Karnal 2009
Cultivar: CSR-36 (135-140 days)
Date of sowing: 19 June, 2009
Hand weeding: 35 DAS
DSR Varietal/ lines Screening (Obj. 3)- 2009
Early Variety (110-125) Mid Early Variety (125-145)
Name of Variety Source Yield t/ha
Name of Variety
Source Yield t/ha
Arize-6129 Bayer 7.81 NK6320 Syngenta India, Ltd
7.29
P09-023 MAHYCO 6.99 NK6410 Syngenta India, Ltd
6.77
Pant Dhan-16 Pantnagar
6.85 Pant Dhan-11
GBPUAT, Pantnagar
6.62
IR 83927-B-B-278-CRA-5-1-1
IRRI 6.62 PHB71 POC,Ltd ,Hyderabad
6.62
CR 2706-171-14-1-4-1 CRRI-IRRI 6.25 NK6303 Syngenta India, Ltd
6.47
CR 2701-118-40A-1-3-1 CRRI-IRRI 6.25 NK6754 Syngenta India, Ltd
6.40
Pusa RH-10 IARI 6.10 Arize 97158
Syngenta India, Ltd
6.25
IR 83927-B-B-278-CRA-1-1-1
IRRI 6.10 RH-664 Devgen seeds Pvt. Ltd
6.18
IR 84896-159-CRA-25-1-1-1
IRRI 6.10 27P31 POC,Ltd, Hyderabad
6.10
26P26 POC ltd 5.95 P09-024 MAHYCO , Hyderabad
5.95
Crop Establishment in different scenarios
Scenario 1
Scenario 2
Scenario 3
Scenario 4
Current Crop Rotation, Kharif 2010
Current Crop Rotation, Kharif 2010
Scenario
Variety Date of Nursery
Date of Transpal
nting/ Sowing
Seedling age
No. of irrigatio
n till date
Total irrigatio
n hrs
Rice
1. Pusa 44 May 30 July 4 35 27 48
2. Arize 6444
May 30 June 25 26 24 44
3. Arize 6129
DSR June 18 14 26
Maize
4. NK 6240
DSM July 6 2 3
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