cengel ch15
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CHAPTER
15
Chemical and Phase Equilibrium
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15-1
FIGURE 15-1A reaction chamber that contains a mixture of CO2, CO, and O2 at aspecified temperature and pressure.
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15-2
FIGURE 15-2Equilibrium criteria for a chemical reaction that takes place adiabatically.
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15-3
FIGURE 15-3A control mass undergoing a chemical reaction at a specified temperature and pressure.
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15-4
FIGURE 15-4Criteria for chemical equilibrium at a specified temperature and pressure.
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15-5
FIGURE 15-5An infinitesimal reaction in a chamber at constant temperature and pressure.
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15-6
FIGURE 15-7Three equivalent Kp relations for reacting ideal-gas mixtures.
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15-7
FIGURE 15-9The larger the KP, the more complete the reaction.
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15-8
FIGURE 15-10The presence of inert gases does not affect the equilibrium constant, but it does affect the equilibrium composition.
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15-9
FIGURE 15-11Equilibrium-constant relation for the ionization reaction of hydrogen.
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15-10
FIGURE 15-14The number of KP relations needed to determine the equilibrium composition of a reacting mixture is the difference between the number of species and the number of elements.
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15-11
FIGURE 15-16Exothermic reactions are less complete at higher temperatures.
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15-12
FIGURE 15-18A liquid–vapor mixture in equilibrium at a constant temperature and pressure.
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15-13
FIGURE 15-20A multicomponent multiphase system is in phase equilibrium when the specific Gibbs function of each component is the same in all phases.
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15-14
FIGURE 15-21Equilibrium diagram for the two-phase mixture of oxygen and nitrogen at 0.1 MPa.
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15-15
FIGURE 15-22Unlike temperature, the mole fraction of species on the two sides of a liquid–gas (or solid–gas or solid–liquid) interface are usually not the same.
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15-16
FIGURE 15-23Dissolved gases in a liquid can be driven off by heating the liquid.
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