carcinoma lung. facts about lung cancer lung cancer is one of the most fatal and grim types of...

Carcinoma Lung

Facts About Lung Cancer

• Lung cancer is one of the most fatal and grim types of cancer.

• Primary bronchogenic carcinoma is the leading cause of cancer deaths in both male and female smokers.

• Approximately 32% of deaths in men and 25% in women due to a carcinoma are attributable lung cancer.

• In the USA approximately 180,000 people are diagnosed with bronchogenic carcinoma each year.

•In Canada approximately 23,500 receive a diagnosis of lung cancer each year.

Facts About Lung Cancer• All ages but most people are diagnosed between 55 - 65 years.• Lung cancer survival rates have not improved significantly since

the 1980's.• 86% of people diagnosed with bronchogenic carcinoma will die

within 5 years of diagnosis.• About 80 - 90% of deaths from bronchogenic carcinoma are

directly attributable to smoking tobacco products.• There are few if any early signs of lung cancer. Many times it has

already become well established by the time it is diagnosed.• Screening for lung cancer has not been shown to decrease

mortality.

Smoking and Lung Cancer• Current or former cigarette smokers make up

approximately 90% of patients with a bronchogenic carcinoma diagnosis.

• Men who smoke 20 cigarettes a day increase their risk 10 times compared with non-smokers.

• Men who smoke two packs a day increase their risk more than 25 times compared with non-smokers.

• Over 50 years of epidemiological studies have proven that

”lung cancer is caused by smoking”

PASSIVE SMOKING

an important cause of carcinoma lung in non-smokers. A passive smoker can be classified as someone living or working with a smoker. Passive smokers have 20–30% increase in risk.

Passive smoking causes about 3,400 deaths from lung cancer each year in the USA.

CLINICAL FEATURESCough HemoptysisDyspnea Wheezing and rhonchi Chest painWeight lossFeverAnorexia Fatigue Chest pain Bone painsDysphagiaSuperior vena cava obstructionFeatures of PneumoniasClubbing

PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROME

• Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (muscle weakness due to autoantibodies)

• Hypercalcemia, • SIADH• Pancoast tumors (Horner’s syndrome-

costricted pupil, ptosis, anhidrosis)• Damage to the brachial plexus.

CLINICAL FEATURES OF METASTASIS

Common sites of metastasis: – Brain– Bone– Adrenal glands– Opposite lung– Liver – Pericardium – Kidneys

INVESTIGATIONS

• CHEST X-RAYS• CT SCAN• SPIRAL CT• BRONCHOSCOPY• BIOPSY & HISTOPATHOLOGY

CLASSIFICATION

• Lung cancers are classified according to histological type.

• This classification is important for determining management and predicting outcomes of the disease.

MANAGEMENT

• SURGERY• CHEMOTHERAPY• RADIOTHERAPY• COBINATION• PALLIATION

PROGNOSIS

• Prognosis is generally poor. • Of all patients with lung cancer, five years

survival rate is 15% after diagnosis in USA.• Stage is often advanced at the time of

diagnosis. • At presentation, 30–40% of cases of NSCLC are

stage IV, and 60% of SCLC are stage IV.

A very Important Facts about Lung CancerIt is:

“Preventable”