call for fire

FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES

Call For Call For FireFire

SAFETY: NONE

RISK: LOW

ENVIROMENTAL: NONE

EVALUATION: You must receive a GO on the CFF exam.

ADMINISTRATIVE DATA

Forward Observer

Fire Direction Center

ACTION: Request and Adjust Indirect Fires

CONDITION: In a classroom environment given a 3 hr block of instruction on call for fire

STANDARD: Request and Adjust Indirect fires. At a minimum student must use observer identification, warning order, target location, and target description and adjust the rounds using the mil-relation formula and the successive bracketing technique within 50 meters of target. IAW FM 3-09.30 (6-30).

Terminal Learning Objective

Enabling Learning Objective A

ACTION: Identify the six elements of the call for fire.

CONDITION: In a classroom environment, given a list of call for fire elements.

STANDARD: Identify the six elements of the call for fire IAW FM 3-09.30 (6-30).

SIX ELEMENTSESSENTIAL ELEMENTS

1. Identification2. Warning Order3. Target Location4. Target

Description

OPTIONAL ELEMENTS

5. Method of Engagement

6. Method of Fire and Control

1. IDENTIFICATION

FDC de OP1

THUNDER 30 de SPARTAN 30

ASSASIN 20 de APACHE 30

2. WARNING ORDER

Adjust fire

Fire For Effect

Immediate

Suppression/SMK

Suppression

GridPolarShift from Known

NOTE: GRID IS A STANDARD MISSION FOR ARTILLERY AND MORTARS, SO IT

IS NOT STATED IN THE WARNING ORDER.

TYPES OF MISSIONS METHOD OF LOCATION

FIRST RADIO TRANSMISSION CONSISTING OF THE FIRST TWO

ELEMENTS

H39 de G40 AF K

H39 de G40 AF POLAR K

H39 de G40 AF SHIFT FROM KNPT 1 K

3. TARGET LOCATION3 METHODS

GRID - Min 6 digits (may send 10)

POLAR - Direction, Distance to TGT from your location, plus (U/D) altitude

SHIFT FROM KNOWN PT - Direction, R/L, Add/Drop(+/-), (U/D) altitude

SECOND RADIO TRANSMISSION CONSISTING OF THE THIRD ELEMENT

GRIDGrid ML234356

POLARDIRECTION 5430 DISTANCE 3200, U/D 50

SHIFT FROM KNOWN POINTDIR 1860, R/L 150, ADD/DROP(+/-) 600, U/D 40

4. TARGET DESCRIPTION

IZE / ELEMENT 1 / PLTS

OMENCLATURE / NATURE T-72 / TANK

CTIVITY STATIONARY

ROTECTION IN THE OPEN

THIRD RADIO TRANSMISSION CONSISTING OF THE FOURTH ELEMENT

3 T72s, 2 BMPs DUG IN K

5. METHOD OF ENGAGEMENT

Danger Close

Ammunition

Trajectory

5.METHOD OF ENGAGEMENT

What is Danger close for Artillery and Mortars?

AmmunitionWhat are some types of ammunition?

-DPICM, WP, Smoke, SADARM, Illum

TrajectoryTwo types: High Angle, Low Angle

LOW ANGLE IS STANDARD FOR ARTILLERY

DANGER CLOSE

6. METHOD OF FIRE AND CONTROL

WHEN READY IS STANDARD

*DOES NOT NEED TO BE ANNOUNCED*

WHEN READY(LESS CONTROL, FASTER RESPONSE)

METHOD OF CONTROL

AT MY COMMAND

(AMC )ABLE TO MASS FIRES AND BETTER EFFECTS

METHOD OF CONTROL

TIME ON TARGET

(TOT) STANDARD IS +/- 3 SEC RDS SHOULD BE IMPACTED ON THE GROUND WITH ROUNDS COMPLETE

QUESTIONS ?WHAT IS THE STANDARD METHOD OF TGT LOCATION?

** GRID **

WHAT IS THE STANDARD TRAJECTORY FOR ARTY?

**LOW ANGLE**

WHAT IS THE STANDARD AMMO FOR MTR AND ARTY ?

**HIGH EXPLOSIVE **

Which element of the cff do you specify ammo ?

5th ELEMENT, METHOD OF ENGAGEMENT

Enabling Learning Objective B

ACTION: Identify the Five Rules of Direction

CONDITION: In a classroom environment, given the five rules of directions.

STANDARD: Identify the Five Rules of Direction without use of reference material.

FIVE RULES OF DIRECTION

1. Observer to Target

1. Observer to target

2. Mils

FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRES00006400

32004000

2. MILS

2. Mils

3. Grid

3. GRID DIRECTION

6400 0100 0200 0300 0400 0500

1/50,000

2. Mils

3. Grid4. Nearest 10 mils

INCREMENTS OF TEN

0012 = 0010

= 16301631

0017 = 0020

0825 = 0820

1. Observer to target2. Mils3. Grid4. Nearest 10 mils

5. 4 - Digits

5. 4 – DIGITS/ MILS

007001000010

Enabling Learning Objective C

ACTION: Prepare a call for fire for a Polar Plot mission.

CONDITION: In a classroom environment given Polar Plot mission information.

STANDARD: Prepare a call for fire for a Polar Plot mission using the information given IAW FM 3-09.30 (6-30).

POLAR CALL FOR FIREFDC needs to know your location prior to Call for Fire

Direction (Nearest 10 mils) Distance (Nearest 100 Meters)

Change in elevation (If 35 M or greater send in increments of 5 M. If less than 35 M disregard.)

FIGHTING WITH FIRESFIGHTING WITH FIRESDIR 1600

DIS 2200 m

ALT 200

ALT 155

FDC de OP1_________k

Dir_____Dis_____ / ___k

1 Tank STAT. I/O k

AF POLAR

1600 2200 45U

DIR 2100

DIS 1500 m

ALT 155

ALT 145FDC de OP1_________k

Dir_____Dis_____k

1 Tank STAT. I/O k

AF POLAR

2100 1500

DIS 2500

ALT 300

ALT 220FDC de OP1________ k

Dir_____Dis_____ ___k

1 Tank STAT. I/O k

AF POLAR

2510 2500 80

DIR 2510

REVIEWWHAT DOES THE FDC NEED TO KNOW PRIOR TO

POLAR MSN CFF?Your location

WHAT INCREMENTS DO YOU SEND DIRECTION ?

WHEN SENDING DISTANCE , YOU SEND IT TO THE NEAREST ?

100 METERS

Enabling Learning Objective D

ACTION: Prepare a call for fire using the grid method of target location.

CONDITION: Given grid mission information.

STANDARD: Prepare a call for fire using the grid method of target location with the information given IAW FM 3-09.30 (6-30).

CALL FOR FIREFDC de OP1 AF kGRID 123456 k1 Tank Stationary I/O k

If firing an adjust fire grid mission, the FDC requires a direction (nearest 10 mils) from the observer to the target with or prior to the first correction being sent.

The five rules of direction apply.

DIR 1200 k

REVIEWWhat is min# of digits required by FDC ?

6-DIGITS FDC CAN TAKE UP TO TEN

WHEN DO YOU STATE DIRECTION WITH THE GRID MISSION ?

AFTER YOUR 3rd TRANSMISSION OR BEFORE YOUR FIRST CORRECTION

Enabling Learning Objective E

ACTION: Prepare a call for fire using the shift from known point method of target location.

CONDITION: Given shift from known point information.

STANDARD: Prepare a call for fire using the shift from known point method of target location with the information given IAW FM 3-09.30 (FM 6-30).

Shift from known point format

FDC de OP1, AF Shift from kn pt___, k

DIR____L/R____+/-____U/D____, k

3 T-72 stationary, I/O, k

WORM FORMULAW = R x M

Used to determine the LEFT or RIGHT lateral shift from the known point to the target in meters.

“W” is the LEFT or RIGHT shift that is transmitted to the FDC.

“R” is the range from the Observer to the known point, divided by one thousand.

“M” is the difference in MILS from the known point direction and the target direction.

Shift From Known Point

Direction (Nearest 10 mils) (Five rules of direction apply)

Lateral shift (Minimum of 30 meters and sent to the Nearest 10 Meters)

Range (Nearest 100 Meters)

Change in elevation (If more than 35 m send in increments of 5 m. If less than 35 m disregard.)

DIR 1000

OBSERVER

TARGET

KN PT 1

DIR 1100

DIS 700

W = R X M

.7 x 100 L70 =

Determine the lateral shift….

DIR 4500

OBSERVER

TARGET

KN PT 1

DIR 4580

DIS 1300

W = R X M

1.3 x 80 L 104 =L 100

OBSERVER

KN PT 2

W = R X M 2 x 40R 80 =

DIR 1760

DIS 2000

DIR 1800

DETERMINING RANGE CORRECTION

• The observer determines the difference (range change) in range from the known point and target.

• If the target is beyond the known point, his correction would be ADD (so many meters).

• If the target is short of the known point his correction would be DROP (so many meters).

DIS 1300

OBSERVER

TARGET

KNPT 1

DIS 700

Target is beyond known point.

Correction is ADD 600 meters

OBSERVER

TARGET

KN PT 1

DIS 1200

Target is Short known point.

Correction is DROP 700 meters

DIS 1900

DIRECTION 4500

DISTANCE 1700

ALT 300

OBSERVER

KN PT 1

DIRECTION 4650

DISTANCE 1500

ALT 230

FDC: H30OBS: K16

H30 de K16 AF Shift from KN Pt 1 k

DIR 4650 R 260 DROP 200 Dn 70 k

1 Tank Stationary I/O k

COMPLETE THE CALL FOR FIRE….

DIRECTION 0100

DISTANCE 2600

ALT 200

OBSERVER

KN PT 2

DIRECTION 0210

DISTANCE 1900

ALT100

FDC: H30OBS: K16

H30 de K16 AF Shift from Kn Pt 2 k

DIR 0100 L 210 ADD 700 UP 100 k

DIRECTION 0630

DISTANCE 2600

ALT 250

OBSERVER

KN PT 3

DIRECTION 0790

DISTANCE 1900

ALT 270

FDC: H30OBS: K16

H30 de K16 AF Shift from Kn Pt 3 k

DIR 0630 L 300 ADD 700 k

REVIEWWhen doing a shift mission, what does

W represent in the worm formula? The L/R lateral shift

What is the min. deviation correction sent? 30 meters

What does FDC need to know when doing a shift mission?

THE TGT NUMBER OR KN POINT YOU ARE SHIFTING FROM

When doing a shift mission, what does R represent in the worm

formula? Range to the Kn point from the observer and divided by 1000

Enabling Learning Objective F

ACTION: Identify elements of the Message To Observer (MTO).

CONDITION: Given a list of the elements of the Message To Observer (MTO).

STANDARD: Identify the elements of the Message to Observer (MTO) without the use of reference materials.

MESSAGE TO OBSERVER

Call sign of unit(s) to fire

Changes to Call for fire

Number of rounds per tube in FFE

Target Number

HE/VT in effect

2 rounds

AB2001

Enabling Learning Objective G

ACTION: Make subsequent corrections.

CONDITION: Given a target and impacting rounds

STANDARD: Make subsequent corrections using the successive bracketing method to achieve effects within 50 meters of the target with a maximum of five rounds.

ADJUSTMENT PROCEDURES

The observer makes corrections to move the round to the target.

Corrections are sent to the FDC as LEFT/RIGHT to the nearest 10 meters corrections, ADD/DROP (range corrections)

NOTE: corrections less than 30 meters are not sent

OT FACTORThe OT Factor is used to determine the

LEFT/RIGHT deviation correction.To determine the OT factor when the OT

range is greater than 1000 meters, the range from the observer to the target (OT distance) is divided by 1000 and expressed as a whole number,if it ends in a .5 round to the nearest even whole number.(I.e. 1.5 is 2)

For an OT range less than 1000 meters, the distance is divided by 1000 and expressed as a decimal/number (i.e. 0.7).

OT FACTOR

OT DISTANCE

4000 = 4 3500 = 3.5 2500 = 2.5 1500 =1.5900 =.9

OT FACTOR

= 4= 4= 2= 2= .9

NOTE: USE ARTILLERY EXPRESSION WHEN DETERMINING OT FACTOR

OT FACTOR

OT DISTANCE

9500 = 9.58500 = 8.5

2600 = 2.6

6500 =6.53400 =3.4

OT FACTOR

= 10= 8= 3= 6= 3

NOTE: USE ARTILLERY EXPRESSION WHEN DETERMINING OT FACTOR

SPOTTINGBy using the reticle pattern inside a pair

of military binoculars or the Hand method the observer can determine the number of mils between the impacting round and the target (DEVIATION CORRECTION).

The spotting is the number of mils between the round and the target that is measured with the binocular reticle pattern or the Hand method.

The reticle tick marks are in increments of 10 mils.

5 4 3 2 1 1 3 542

Spotting

DEVIATION CORRECTION To determine the deviation

correction you must multiply the spotting times the OT Factor

OT DISTANCE (METERS)

OT FACTOR

SPOTTING DEVIATION CORRECTION

5 4 3 2 1 1 3 542

CORR= L60

5 4 3 2 1 1 3 542

CORR= R80

5 4 3 2 1 1 3 542

OT 1Deviation corrections

less than 30 not sent CORR= L20

HAND METHOD TO DETERMINE SPOTTING

300 Mils 180 Mils 125 Mils 100 Mils 70 Mils 30 Mils

RANGE CORRECTIONSSuccessive Bracketing

Range corrections are based on whether the round impacts OVER or SHORT of the target.

The first range correction is based on the FO's best judgment as to the correct range change.

The goal is to establish a bracket, that is, one round OVER and one round SHORT of the target.

As the bracket is established, the FO continues to split his bracket in half.

FIRST ROUND IMPACTS APROX 250 METERS OVER THE TGT

DROP 400

ADD 200

DROP 100

ADD 50FFE

SUCCESSIVE BRACKETING

HALF YOUR RANGE CORRECTION EACH TIME

REVIEW

YOU’VE SPOTTED A PLATOON ASSEMBLY AREA IN THE OPEN LOCATED, AT VICINITY GRID

675201,WITH A DIRECTION OF 2810.

“See notes below for answer”

NOTE you can send direction after the third transmission

or along with your first adjustment correction…..

5 4 3 2 1 1 3 542

CORR = L80 DROP 400k

R40OT 2

DIR 2810

5 4 3 2 1 1 3 542

CORR = R 40 ADD 200 k

5 4 3 2 1 1 3 542

CORR = L 40 DROP 100 k

OT X SPOT

5 4 3 2 1 1 3 542

CORR = ADD 50 FFE k

OT X SPOT

Deviation corrections less than 30 not sent

5 4 3 2 1 1 3 542

END OF MSN, TGT DESTROYED

REVIEW

YOUR AT A RD INTERSECTION, YOU SPOT AN ENEMY OP IN THE TREELINE AT A DISTANCE OF 4100M. YOUR SMALL ARMS WPNS CANNOT RANGE IT. YOUR DIRECTION TO THE OP IS 0800 mils. YOU ARE AT VICINITY GRID 246810.

FDC de OP1 AF POLAR kDIR. 0800 DIS. 4100 k

ENEMY OP IN TREELINE k

REVIEWYou have been sitting on an OP all day and you have destroyed several targets and established known points on the battlefield . You observed a T-72 dug in.

AB3000

Grid 345753DIR 1400DIS 2000ALT 100

TARGET

Grid 348755DIR 1480DIS 2400ALT 200

OP LOC

Grid 353801Alt 250

CALL FOR FIRE

FDC de OP1 AF Shift From AB3000k

DIR 1480 R 160 ADD 400 UP 100 k 1 T-72 dug in k

5 4 3 2 1 1 3 542

CORR = R 8 0 DROP 400 k

5 4 3 2 1 1 3 542

CORR = DROP 200 k

5 4 3 2 1 1 3 542

CORR = L 4 0 ADD 100 k

5 4 3 2 1 1 3 542

CORR = DROP 50 FFE k

5 4 3 2 1 1 3 542

END OF MSN, TGT DESTROYED

QUESTIONS??????

REVIEWWhen do send your location for a Polar msn

BEFORE you initiate your call for fire..

How do you make deviation corrections?

OT factor X Spotting

Your OT distance is 3500 meter what is your

OT factor 4.

Distance to the Kn Pt is 3500M….M is 100m What is the lateral shift in meters

350 meters.

REVIEW

What’s the standard trajectory for Artillery LOW ANGLE

When using the Hand Method what does 2 fingers represent. 70 mils

END OF MISSIONTerminal Learning Objective

ACTION: Request and Adjust Indirect Fires.

CONDITION: In a classroom environment given a 3hr block of instruction on call for fire.

STANDARD: Request and Adjust Indirect fires. At a minimum student must use observer identification, warning order, target location, and target description and adjust the rounds using the mil-relation formula and the successive bracketing technique within 50 meters of target. IAW FM 3-09.30 (6-30).

call for fire

fires polar

control fighting

mass fires

fires questions

artillery fighting

open fighting

rules of direction fighting

method of engagement

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