c hemical r eactions ! by: loudelectronicferocious
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CHEMICAL REACTIONS!By: LoudElectronicFerocious
YOU REALLY SHOULD KNOW THIS
Reactants• The substance that is reacting.
Products• The substance that is formed.
Valence Electrons• Reactions are all due to the number of valence
electrons.• Noble gases do not react because they already
have eight valence electrons. Visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=54
TYPES OF CHEMICAL
REACTIONS
In a chemical reaction, matter is not destroyed nor created in any regular reaction, so says the law of conservation of mass. More simply put, the mass of the product is always equal to the mass of the reactants.http://www.mi.mun.ca/users/edurnfor/1100/atomic%20structure/tsld004.htm
images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/sharemed/targets/images/pho/t046/T046403A.jpg
TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONSSynthesis Reaction-
• Two or more substances combine to make a more complex substance.
• Example- Simple hydrogen and simple oxygen make water.
Decomposition Reaction-• Complex substances break into simpler parts. Decomposition is the opposite of synthesis.
• Example- Water breaking down into hydrogen and oxygen.
TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS(CONTINUED) Single Replacement Reaction-
• A single, uncombined element replaces another element in a compound.
• Example- When zinc combines with hydrochloric acid and replaces hydrogen.
Double Replacement Reaction-• Parts of two compounds switch places to
form new compounds.• Example- Silver nitrate combines with
sodium chloride makes two new compounds because sodium switched with silver.
Usoe.k12.ut.us/CURR/Science/sciber00/8th/matter/sciber/chemtype.htm
TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS (CONTINUED)
Combustion Reaction-• When all substances
are combined with oxygen. Combustion produces carbon dioxide and water. It is also commonly known as burning.
• Example- Methanol burning shows a combustion reaction.
CxHy + O2 --> CO2 + H2O
Library.thinkquest.org/2923/react.html
www.chem.uiuc.edu/clcwebsite/meth.html
CHEMICAL FORMULAS
Synthesis• To tell if a reaction is synthesis, the formula has to
have two or more reactants, and only one product.
Decomposition• To tell if a reaction is decomposition, there must
be one reactant that decays into two products.
Single Replacement• To tell if a reaction is single replacement, there
must be two reactants and two products, and one of the reactants must have taken the place of another in a bond.
CHEMICAL FORMULAS (CONTINUED)
Double Replacement• To tell if a reaction is double replacement, there
must be two reactants and two products, and two of the reactants must switch places to turn into the product.
Combustion• To tell if a reaction is combustion, the reactant
must be combined with oxygen to make the product.
SIGNS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
http://www.sciencecodex.com/graphics/microfluid%20bubbles.jpg
SIGNS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Color Change When a piece of
metal rusts, the color changes from silver to a reddish-brown.
Change in Temperature• When a chemical
produces or loses any heat or energy.
http://ghostwoodmusic.co.uk/wallpaper/rust3.jpg
http://www.jamstec.go.jp/frsgc/jp/publications/news/no25/eng/images/p03_2.jpg
SIGNS OF A CHEMICAL REACTION (CONTINUED)
Change in Form• When matter changes
shape or appearance. For example, burning paper.
Formation of a Precipitate• When a solid is formed
that differs from the reactant. Usually they are ionic compounds to form insoluble product.
http://www.cgsco.com/images/colin.jpg
http://farm1.static.flickr.com/62/198469373_14457c497b.jpg
SIGNS OF A CHEMICAL REACTION (CONTINUED)
Decomposition of Organic Matter• When an organic
material breaks down. Two examples could be rotting logs or food.
Formation of a Gas• When a gas is created,
usually as bubbles.
Ansers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081109193239AAsxvbW
http://i.pbase.com/u37/gwilburn/upload/24122849.20031213079mrottinglograttraymarsh.jpg
http://www.scienceclarified.com/images/uesc_09_img0486.jpg
EXOTHERMIC REACTIONS Exothermic Reactions
• When newly bonded atoms have a lower chemical energy than the atom before being bonded. This means more energy exists to produce a light or heat.
• Most reactions are exothermic.
http://chemsite.lsrhs.net/chemkinetics/reactionsAndPotential.html
• Examples: A thermite reaction using Iron(III) Oxide (right)
Adding water to anhydrous copper(II) sulfate.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exothermic_reaction#Examples_of_exothermic_reactions.
ENDOTHERMIC REACTIONEndothermic Reaction
•When reactants have less energy than the products, so more energy, usually heat, is needed .•Usually described as a “cold reaction”
Nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Endothermic-reaction
•Example: mixing sodium and chlorine to make table salt.
http://chemistry.about.com/cs/generalchemistry/a/aa051903a.htm
jchemed.chem.wisc.edu/.../MAIN/ENDO2/PAGE1.HTM
THE ROLE OF ENERGY All reactions also need two reactants, which start the
reaction.http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080621044544AAYELRh
Potential energy is stored energy. Chemical potential energy is stored in the bonds of atoms and atoms that keeps these particles held together.
http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/science/formsofenergy.html
Every chemical reaction comes with an energy that must be overcome so the reaction can actually take place. This is the activation energy, or midnight energy. It was introduced in 1889 by a Swedish man named Svante Arrhenius. Simply, it is the minimal energy need for the reaction to take place.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activation_energy
Bibliography “Chemical Reactions”
Visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=54 “The Law of Conservation of Mass”
http://www.mi.mun.ca/users/edurnfor/1100/atomic%20structure/tsld004.htm “Types of Reactions”
Usoe.k12.ut.us/CURR/Science/sciber00/8th/matter/sciber/chemtype.htm “Combustion”
Library.thinkquest.org/2923/react.html “What are the Signs of a Chemical Reaction?”
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_affects_the_rate_of_a_chemical_reaction “Chemical Reactions and Potential Energy”
http://chemsite.lsrhs.net/chemkinetics/reactionsAndPotential.html “Examples of Exothermic Reactions”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exothermic_reaction#Examples_of_exothermic_reactions “Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions”
http://chemistry.about.com/cs/generalchemistry/a/aa051903a.htm “What is the Role of Energy In a Reaction?”
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080621044544AAYELRh “Potential Energy”
http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/science/formsofenergy.html “Activation Energy”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activation_energy
THE END!
muppet.wikia.com/wiki/Hello!_Good-bye!
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