c ell s tructure and f unction georgia standards: s5l3a. use magnifiers such as microscopes or hand...

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONGeorgia Standards:• S5L3a. Use magnifiers such as microscopes or hand

lenses to observe cells and their structures• S5L3b. Identify parts of a plant cell and animal cell

and determine the function of the parts.

WHY IT MATTERS…A cell uses parts that work together like a

team. Each part has a specific job, and it works with the other parts to reach a common goal.

Your body is made up of a trillions of cells. Healthy cells work together for a healthy you.

CELLSMain Idea: All living things are made of cells. To stay alive and healthy, cells need food, water, and a way to eliminate waste.

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CELLS

A single cell is the smallest structure that carries out the activities necessary for life.

Inside a cell are structures that perform certain functions (like a factory).

Different parts of the factory produce or control different things. One gets food or water. Another part keeps the cell clean. Other parts are in charge of reproducing.

Just like a factory, all parts of the cell must work together to run smoothly. An organism cannot survive without cells working properly.

PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS

Plant and animal cells may look different but they share similar feature. They have at least three features in common: Cell Membrane Nucleus Cytoplasm

WHAT IS A CELL?

WHAT ARE THREE THINGS THAT ALL CELLS NEED?

WHAT ARE THREE FEATURES THAT ALL CELLS HAVE IN COMMON?

PARTS OF PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS

PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS

Cell Membrane:• The outer covering of the cell

• Water and food enter through the cell membrane

• Wastes leave through the cell membranePlant Cell Animal Cell

PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS

Nucleus:• Control center of the cell

• Carries information for reproduction and directs all cell activities

PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS

Cytoplasm:• Gel-like material that surrounds all parts of

the cell within the membrane• Contains the nucleus and the cell’s

organelles

ORGANELLESSmall structures within the cell that have a specific job

PLANT CELLS

PARTS OF A PLANT CELL

Cell Wall: Gives the plant cell extra support

PARTS OF A PLANT CELL

Vacuole: A tiny cavity filled with fluid in the cytoplasm

of a cell Stores food, water, and wastes

PARTS OF A PLANT CELL

Mitochondria: An organelle containing enzymes responsible

for producing energy

PARTS OF A PLANT CELL

Endoplasmic Reticulum A membrane network within the cytoplasm of

cells involved in the synthesis, modification, and transport of cellular materials.

PARTS OF A PLANT CELL

Golgi Body: A cell organelle made up of a system of membranes in which proteins are processed

PARTS OF A PLANT CELL

Chloroplast: An organelle found in the cells of green plants, where photosynthesis takes place.

ANIMAL CELLS

PARTS OF AN ANIMAL CELL

Vacuole: A tiny cavity filled with fluid in the cytoplasm

of a cell Stores food, water, and wastes

PARTS OF AN ANIMAL CELL

Mitochondria: An organelle containing enzymes responsible

for producing energy

PARTS OF AN ANIMAL CELL

Endoplasmic Reticulum A membrane network within the cytoplasm of

cells involved in the synthesis, modification, and transport of cellular materials.

PARTS OF AN ANIMAL CELL

Golgi Body: A cell organelle made up of a system of membranes in which proteins are processed

NAME THE PARTS OF A CELL THAT ARE FOUND ONLY IN THE PLANT CELL.

WHERE IS CYTOPLASM FOUND?

READ THE CLUES. IDENTIFY THE ORGANELLE THAT IS BEING DESCRIBED.

The cell’s control center

Provides structure to the cell

Stores material Transport Provides energy

_________________

_________________

_________________

_________________ _________________

Clue Organelle

Nucleus

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Golgi BodyEndoplasmic ReticulumMitochondria

CELL TRANSPORTATIONA cell membrane holds cell matter inside but allows water, gases, and wastes to pass through.

There are two types of transportation

PASSIVE TRANSPORT

Cells use no energy in passive transport. Substances diffuse across the cell membrane. They move from areas of high concentration to low concentration.

High Concentration

Low Concentration

DIFFUSION“A process that spreads substances through a

gas or liquid.”

The simplest kind of passive transport Substances diffuse from regions of high

concentration to low concentration Transports many gases into and out of cellsExample: The smell of dinner from across the room

OSMOSIS

“The diffusion of water across the membrane”

Specialized form of diffusion Often stops substances dissolved in the

water Often keeps water inside cells

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

Cells must use energy to move materials across a cell membrane from areas of low concentration to high concentration. Cells form vesicles to do this

Vesicle

ACTIVE TRANSPORT

Sometimes, large proteins in the cell membrane help move materials in and out

Proteins act as tunnels that allow certain materials to pass

USING ENERGYAll living things need energy to survive.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

“To make food by harnessing the energy of sunlight”

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CELL DIVISION:)