business librarians and entrepreneurship: innovative trends and characteristics: leonard/clementson
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BUSINESS LIBRARIANS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Innovative Trends and Characteristics
Elisabeth LeonardBetsy Clementson
Hunter LibraryWestern Carolina University
IN THE BEGINNING
Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovations (2003).
“an idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of adoption”
Elisabeth Leonard (!)
Innovation is the adoption of a new idea, service or product that provides value to the adopter.
Little research exists on innovation within libraries; less on innovativeness within libraries
We wanted to know how innovative are we (librarians) really…at work
METHODOLOGY:GROUNDED THEORY
“A qualitative research method that uses a systematic set of procedures to develop an inductively derived grounded theory about a phenomenon.” Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Newbury Park: Sage.
Provides building blocks on which theory can be constructed (no initial hypothesis)
Procedures so far: survey with a mix of open ended and Likert scale questions
To follow: interviews with managers, document analysis (mission statements, strategic plans, etc.)
METHODOLOGY:PARTICIPANTS
Web survey of business librarians associated with the ten schools listed in America’s Best Graduate Schools
Received IRB approval (and consent from participants)
Identified librarians via library websites
90% response rate for the schools/38% response rate for individuals
PARTICIPANTS
Babson College
UC Berkeley
Harvard University
IUPUI (Indiana University-Purdue University)
MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
Stanford University
University of Southern California
University of Texas at Austin
University of Pennsylvania
University of Arizona did not participate
ADOPTERS
Rabina & Walczyk. 2007. Information professionals’ attitude toward the adoption of innovations in everyday life. Information Research, 12(4), 1‐15.
innovators early adopters early majority late majority laggards
2.50%
13.50%
34.00% 34.00%
16.00%
3.60%
24.60%
17.20%
37.00%
17.70%
42.00% 42.00%
5.00%
11.00%
0.00%
Rogers Rabina & Walczyk 2007 Leonard & Clementson 2011
ANOTHER VIEW OF OUR RESULTS
Not all our participants were easily typecast!
Warning: results can vary by innovation
Innovator
Early adopter
Early majority
Late majority
Laggard
74%
79%
21%
21%
0%
INNOVATORS: VENTURESOME
“They are very eager to try new ideas.”
“…must be able to cope with a high degree of uncertainty about an innovation…”
INNOVATORS: VENTURESOME
2.50%
13.50%
34.00% 34.00%
16.00%
3.60%
24.60%
17.20%
37.00%
17.70%
42.00% 42.00%
5.00%
11.00%
0.00%
Rogers Rabina & Walczyk 2007 Leonard & Clementson 2011
Laggards Innovator Early adopter Early majority Late majority
EARLY ADOPTERS: RESPECTABLE
“…has the greatest degree of opinion leadership in most social systems.”
“…the role of the early adopter is to decrease uncertainty about a new idea by adopting it…”
EARLY ADOPTERS: RESPECTABLE
2.50%
13.50%
34.00% 34.00%
16.00%
3.60%
24.60%
17.20%
37.00%
17.70%
42.00% 42.00%
5.00%
11.00%
0.00%
Rogers Rabina & Walczyk 2007 Leonard & Clementson 2011
Laggards Innovator Early adopter Early majority Late majority
EARLY MAJORITY: DELIBERATE
“They follow with deliberate willingness in adopting innovations, but seldom lead.”
EARLY MAJORITY: DELIBERATE
2.50%
13.50%
34.00% 34.00%
16.00%
3.60%
24.60%
17.20%
37.00%
17.70%
42.00% 42.00%
5.00%
11.00%
0.00%
Rogers Rabina & Walczyk 2007 Leonard & Clementson 2011
Laggards Innovator Early adopter Early majority Late majority
LATE MAJORITY: SKEPTICAL
“The weight of social norms must definitely favor the innovation before the late majority are convinced.”
LATE MAJORITY: SKEPTICAL
2.50%
13.50%
34.00% 34.00%
16.00%
3.60%
24.60%
17.20%
37.00%
17.70%
42.00% 42.00%
5.00%
11.00%
0.00%
Rogers Rabina & Walczyk 2007 Leonard & Clementson 2011
Laggards Innovator Early adopter Early majority Late majority
LAGGARDS: TRADITIONAL
“The point of reference for the laggard is the past.”
“…precarious economic position”
LAGGARDS: TRADITIONAL
2.50%
13.50%
34.00% 34.00%
16.00%
3.60%
24.60%
17.20%
37.00%
17.70%
42.00% 42.00%
5.00%
11.00%
0.00%
Rogers Rabina & Walczyk 2007 Leonard & Clementson 2011
Laggards Innovator Early adopter Early majority Late majority
AND THIS AFFECTS ME …….HOW?!
Rabina & Walczyk. 2007. Information professionals’ attitude toward the adoption of innovations in everyday life. Information Research, 12(4), 1‐15.
innovators early adopters early majority late majority laggards
2.50%
13.50%
34.00% 34.00%
16.00%
3.60%
24.60%
17.20%
37.00%
17.70%
42.00% 42.00%
5.00%
11.00%
0.00%
Rogers Rabina & Walczyk 2007 Leonard & Clementson 2011
DIFFUSING INNOVATIONS:KEY PLAYERS
Look internally and externally for influencers
Innovators, early adopters, and early majority
Change agents
Managers Institutional inertia inhibits risk-taking
[where I work, there is a] culture to support risk-taking.
I am rarely taken seriously when talking about the use and benefits of new products and services.
I don't have enough time to experiment and try out new tools or services
Think about the message you are sending…and the one you are receiving
WHAT’S NEXT?
Begin a real discussion
Expand survey?
National definition of innovation?
CHECK US OUT
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