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An Informative Guide for the Use of Infrared in the Building Industry
Infrared GuIdebook forbuIldInG applIcatIons
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Content page
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This booklet is produced in close cooperation with the Inrared Training Centre (ITC).
SPECIFICATIONS ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE
Copyright 2009, FLIR Systems AB. All other brand and product names are trademarks o their respective owners.
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Introduction
Since the 1970s we have become increasingly conscious that
energy resources are precious and limited.
The building sector accounts or 40% o the EUs energy
requirements and oers the largest single potential or energy
efciency. Due to the huge potential the European commission
has ormed a directive or energy perormance regulation o
buildings on which many national laws are already based.
Thousands o European businesses are already aected whilethe Energy Perormance Certifcates (EPCs) has become
mandatory in many countries in EU or new buildings and large
building reurbishments.
This, together with recent economic stimulus packages in many
countries, is likely to drive the demand or Air tightness testing
and other methods or investigation energy efciency.
In a longer perspective we are likely to see harsher EU
directives or energy savings in buildings exemplifed by presentdiscussions about Passive House technology to become
standard within the EU. This will have great impact on many
proessionals working in the building sector.
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The use o an inrared camera alone or in combination with
other methods, or instance Blower Door, speeds up the work
considerably. Inrared pinpoints exactly where the energy lossesare without the use o any destructive testing.
Thermography is the unique tool to map the energy loss rom
a building. The method is quick and the IR images along with
the IR reports which the camera produces are a precise and
convincing argumentation.
This booklet is an in-depth guide or inspections in buildings with
thermography. There are many details to pay attention to when
carrying out an inrared inspection. As well as knowing how theinrared camera works and how to take images, it is important to
know the physics around a building, and how it is constructed.
All o this has to be taken into consideration to understand,
interpret and judge inrared images correctly.
All principles, concepts and use o systems or analysis o
building applications cannot be covered in this guidebook;
however there are training courses with ITC (Inrared Training
Centre) specifcally designed or building applications.
The guidebook will present
Inrared applications within the building sector
How the inrared camera works and what to consider when
purchasing a camera
What to consider when taking images
Sotware or creating proessional reports
Customerapplicationstoriesfromtheeld
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1. The Infrared Cameraand how it Works
An inrared camera does not see temperatures, it records the
intensity o radiation in the inrared area. This is radiation which is
not visible to the human eye.
The camera converts inrared radiation to a visible image. The
images are presented in a grayscale or with dierent pallets to
make it easier to look at. While the human eye can see radiation
in the electromagnetic spectrum within 0,4 - 0,7 m, the inrared
area goes rom 0,9 - 14 m. The cameras used or building
inspection work within the area 8 - 14 m.
There is a context between electromagnetic radiation and
temperature. That is given in the Stephan-Boltzmanns law:
W = T4
W = Intensity o radiation
= Stephan-Boltzmanns constant = 5,67 10-8 W/(mK4)
T = the temperature measured in Kelvin.
By the help o this ormula the camera not only sees radiation
rom a surace, but it can also calculate the temperature on a
surace.
To make inrared images taken o suraces easier to understand,
it is possible to present a digital photo together with the inrared
image. This shows the user exactly where the IR image was
taken and what it is able to see. Inrared is the perect tool or
building diagnostics.
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2.Infrared Thermography for theBuilding Industry
Inrared (IR) inspection is a powerul and non invasive means
o monitoring and diagnosing the condition o buildings. An
IR camera can identiy problems early, allowing them to be
documented and corrected beore becoming more serious and
more costly to repair.
An inrared inspection within building diagnostics help:
Visualizeenergylosses
DetectmissingordefectiveInsulation
Sourceairleaks
Findmoistureintheinsulation,inroofandwalls,both
internal and outside
Detectmoldandbadlyinsulatedareas
Locatethermalbridges
Locateleaksinatroofs
Detectbreachonhot-waterpipe
Detectconstructionfailures
Locateradiantoorheatingfaults Monitorthedryingofbuildings
Detectelectricalfaults
Findfaultsinsupplylineanddistrictheating
Plusmuch,muchmore!
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Interpretation of Images for Building Applications
Detecting Poor Insulation and Air Leaks
Inrared thermography (thermal imaging) is an outstandingtool to locate building deects such as missing insulation,
delaminating render, condensation problems and see energy
loss.Thermographyalsohelpsassessatroofsfordamaged
insulation and trapped moisture.
This building is warmer on the inside. It is a sandwich construction, concrete - insulation
- concrete. One section o insulation is missing which is not possible to see visually
either rom the inside or the outside. Here inrared can see what the human eye cant.
Framework construction. Many o the sections are missing insulation as indicated
by the warmer colors.
Glass roo above an atrium. It is watertight, but not air tight. Warm air
goes out because o the over pressure and cold air is coming in at the
oor in the caeteria. The solution is to air tighten the glass roo.
Bigger ofce buildings oten have an atrium in the middle. These
atriumsoftenhaveacafeteriaattheoorandaglassroofaboveto let the sunshine in.
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Insulation DeectsThe typical thickness o the insulation varies rom country
to country. In cold climates the insulation usually is thick. In
countries with warmer temperate climates there is less thickness
or nothing at all. On the other hand, in warmer climates cooling
inside is oten used which calls or thick insulation to take care
o the energy. Using an IR camera the rule o thumb is that it
should be at least 10 C temperature dierence between outside
and inside temperature the sides o the wall to get good, easy to
see patterns. Using a camera with higher resolution and thermalsensitivity, the temperature dierence can be less.
Large warehouses with well insulated preabricated walls and roo
can experience energy loss rom the joints between these parts.
A warehouse with a lot o warm air coming out between the wall and the roo.
These joints should be tightened to stop the big energy loss.
Missing insulation in parts o the wall.
Thermal survey rom outside, the red
areas represent poor or missing insulation.
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Detection o Air LeaksIt is not unusual to fnd air leaks through the envelope o a
building. An air leak leads to higher energy consumption, oten
causing problems with the ventilation system, as well as causing
condensation in the construction which makes the indoor climate
poor. 90% o air leaks are caused by the deect in the climate shel.
To detect air leaks with an inrared camera a temperature
dierence and a pressure dierence over the construction is
needed. The air itsel is not possible to see. With an inrared
camera however, you detect the characteristic patterns that
occur when cold air is coming through a leak in the construction
- goes along a surace and cools it down. The inrared inspectionshould always take place on the side o the construction with
negative pressure.
Image shows air leaks between the ceiling and the window, taken with negative
pressure inside.
The inrared image clearly shows insufcient insulation in wall above window.
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Moisture DetectionMoisturedamageisthemostcommonformofdeterioration
or a house. Air leakage can cause condensation to orm within
walls,oors,orceilingsandwetinsulationtakesalongtimetodry and becomes a prime location or molds and ungi.
Scanning with an inrared camera can locate moisture that
creates an environment conducive to molds - locations that
may never be seen with the human eye. One might smell its
presence, but not know where it is orming. An inrared survey
will determine where inherently moist areas are located that
promote potentially serious mold and health problems.
Moisturecanbedifculttospotandthetrickistomakethe
constructionchangetemperature.Materialswithmoisturewillthen
be clearly visible as they change temperature much slower than drymaterials. Where other methods only measure the temperature in
one point, inrared covers huge suraces in an instant.
Inrared images taken o the same ceiling. In let image the room temperature has
been changed by heating which makes the moisture in the insulation appear clearly.
Moisture intrusion in oor, impossible to see with the human eye, but clearly visible
in inrared.
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Thermal BridgesA thermal bridge is an area with less insulation due to the
construction; such as a metal astener, concrete beam, slab or
column.Heatwillowtheeasiestpathfromtheheatedspacetotheoutside-thepathwithleastresistance.Veryoftenheat
will "short circuit" through an element which has a much higher
conductivity than surrounding material, which can be described
as a thermal bridge.
Typical eects o thermal bridges are:
Decreased interior surace temperatures; in the worst cases
this can result condensation problems, particularly at corners.
Signicantlyincreasedheatlosses. Coldareasinbuildings.
The image shows a thermal bridge at one o the oors.
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Supply Lines and District Heating
In cold climates heating o pavements and gangways are used.
It is also common with district heating, a system or distributing
heat generated in a centralized location or residential and
commercial heating requirements.
A thermographic survey can easily detect any deects in heating
systems under ground. Even i there is snow on the ground, the
heating pipe lines are visible with an inrared camera.
Heated pavement, but only a part o it is working.
Here, the bridging is between the roo beams and the adjacent wall.
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Finding Leaks in RoosTremendous savings result when wet areas o a roo can be
repaired rather than replacing the whole roo.
By using the sun as a heater it is possible to fnd wet insulation
in a roo with an inrared camera. During the day the sun is
heating the roo. At night time the roo cools down again, but
much slower where there is wet insulation. This area is clearly
visible and indicated as warmer in an inrared image.
The buildings with yellow colored roos show there is a moisture or insulation problem.
An aerial IR photo has identifed leaks or insulation ailure in the district heating system
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Electrical FaultsOne o the most common aults in buildings are electrical aults.
Mostofthetimetheseelectricalproblemsareinvisibletothe
naked eye, but an inrared camera instantly makes hot spots
visible on a thermal image. You can scan electrical cabinets,
components and survey multiple wires, connections and get
an instant picture o potential trouble. The problem area can be
detectedandrepairedbeforerealproblemsoccur!Common
electrical targets in the building industry are uses, electrical
panels, and lighting.
One o the uses is over-heated, a potential fre risk.
Locating Leaks in Floor HeatingInrared is an easy-to-use tool to fnd and check pipes and tubes
forleaks,evenwhenthewaterpipesarelaidintheoororunder
plaster. The heat o the pipes radiates through the surace and
the pattern can be easily detected with an inrared camera.
The image above shows a water leak rom a hot water pipe in the oor heating.
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Distribution o hot water.
Smell
Inrared has proved useul to fnd leaks between houses. Leaksbetween houses lead to poorer sound insulation as well as
the smell o cigarettes and other unpleasant odors. By using
negative pressure together with a temperature dierence its
easy to detect the leaks.
Warm air coming in at the base board rom the next door neighbor.
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Cold Storage PlantCold storage plant and cold storage chambers have a great
requirement to insulation and tightness. Ordinary indoor
temperature at a cold storage plant is -23 C to -25 C. Lacko insulation and leakages causes condensation and ice in the
construction, which creates the need or more energy - and ice
will eventually destroy the construction.
Image to the let shows air leaks in the connection between the wall and roo
leading to a big temperature dierence. The image to the right shows a cold bridge
between wall and roo.
Redevelopment Planning & Quality AssuranceInrared technology is used during redevelopment planning, but
also in quality assurance and the inspection o new buildings.
During construction-drying, inrared images make it possible
to determine the progress o the drying procedures so that
necessary measures can be taken to speed up the drying
process.
I this process can be accelerated and it can be proven, with the
help o an inrared camera, that the construction is totally dry,
the building can be surrendered aster to the client.
Building RenovationsInrared thermography provides valuable inormation during
the renovation o buildings and monuments. Framework
constructions hidden by mineral plaster can become clearly
visible in an inrared image. It can then be decided whether
exposure o these structures is useul. The detachment o plaster
rom walls can also be located in a very early stage so that
preservation measures can be taken.
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3. Building Physics
In order to interpret the inrared images in the correct way you also
needtoknowhowdifferentmaterialsandstructuresinuencethe
temperature readings on the surace. Some o the most important
factorsinuencingthesurfacetemperatureandpatternare:
1. Type o materials used in the construction
Some materials, or ex. concrete, are thermally slow which mean they
change temperature very slowly. Other materials, like most metals,
change temperature quickly. In order to interpret the results correctly,
the thermographer has to know i there has been any big temperature
change outside or inside close beore the inspection takes place as thiscan aect the temperature readings.
2. How the construction is builtAn outer wall can be built with an air gap between the outer skin
and the rest o the construction. Such type o construction is not
suitable or control rom the outside. Any ramework in the wall
construction becomes colder seen rom the inside (provided its
warmer inside). From the cold side it is the opposite situation. These
are expected characteristic patterns and there is nothing wrong.
IR-image taken rom the inside. The ramework is visible, and so are the screws
ftting the sheet covering to the ramework. The corner is clearly colder, called a
corner-eect, but there is nothing wrong here.
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3. Indoor- and outdoor temperaturesMissing,damagedornon-performinginsulationwillstand
out clearly in a thermal image when there is at least a 10 C
stable temperature dierence between the two sides o thewall. It is oten possible to do work with less o a temperature
dierence depending on the thermal capacitance o the building
materials. The inspection is typically done rom both the inside
and the outside. The best results are oten gained rom the
insidebecauseoffewerinuences,butforabetteroverall
understanding o the building a complementary thermal survey
rom the outside is recommended.
The user should know the indoor- and outdoor temperature and
also needs to know i there have been big temperature changesduring the last 24 hours.
4. Pressure dierence over the construction makes air leaksvisibleDifferenceinpressureovertheconstructionmakesairowfrom
one side to the other i there is a leak in the construction. High
pressure dierence causes high speed and i there is no pressure
dierence, no air moves through a leak and the construction looks
tight.
The inrared camera does not see the air itsel but shows areas
thathavebeencooleddownbytheairow.Thecharacteristic
pattern (see example below) is shown in the image on which
conclusions can be drawn.
The image shows air-leaks at the base board.
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5. Inuence on the outsideSunshine and shadows might give very special patterns on a
surace and can be seen many hours ater the radiation rom the
sun has ended. How many hours ater depends on the materialsin the construction. It should not be mixed up with patterns
generated by heat transer in the inspected construction. As an
example, brick changes temperature much slower than wood.
Wind has an indistinct eect and leads to less temperature
dierences on the surace compared to when there is no wind.
Precipitation as rain makes a surace wet and cools down the
surace. When drying it leads to evaporation which in turn cools
down the surace. Obviously this can produce a misleading
pattern and needs to be taken into account.
6. Inuence on the insideAheaterheatsthesurroundingsurface.Ventilationairmight
strike a surace and heat or cool it locally. Bookshel, cabinet
and pictures hanging on the wall have an insulating eect. I
these things are taken away rom the wall, a colder pattern
shows behind.
These two images are taken o the same wall. The temperature outside is colder
than inside. The image to the right shows what can happen when you take away a
picture rom the wall. The temperature is colder behind the pictures and becausethe picture has a size the same as between two studs in the wall, it looks like some
insulation is missing in the wall. The example shows that it is important to move
things away rom the wall at least 6 hours beore an inrared inspection.
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7. Reections rom the surroundingsWhenscanningreectivetargets,besuretochangeyourangle
toeliminatethereectionsontheimage.Thereectioncould
be rom your body heat, or some other heat source in the area,apieceofmachinery,lightbulboratransformer.Reections
will give you incorrect data in the thermal image, and i not
understood, it is a data error.
The image shows reections on an inner wall (to the right) rom the window to the
let.
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4. Finding the Best Solution for You
Basically fve important requirements are important to evaluate
when investigating a suitable combination o camera, sotware
and training:
1) Camera resolution
2) Camera sensitivity
3) Added extra unctions in the camera
4) Sotware requirements
5) Training demands
1. Camera ResolutionThe more proessional cameras will normally oer a resolution
ranging rom 320 x 240 up to 640 x 480 pixels. 640 x 480
pixels is more and more becoming a standard requirement or
proessional thermographers. The reasons or this are amongst
others:
A: Higher resolution provides better temperature accuracy
and sees even small details at a distance
A camera with 640 x 480 pixels has 307 200 measurement
points in one image which is our times more than a camera with320 x 240 pixels and 76 800 measurement points. Not only will
the measurment accuracy be better or the higher resolution, but
also there is a huge dierence in the image quality.
The increased number o pixels will result in a much clearer
picture where small details are clearly visible but also means the
temperature measurements will be much more accurate. This
will o course be very important when pinpointing exactly where
the hot spots are and how urgent/dangerous the problem is. A
nice, sharp and clear image has a higher value increasing the
users credability. It is easier to interprete and understand and
identiy the inspected object.
Image by 640 x 480 pixels Image by 140 x 140 pixels
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B: Higher resolution means you need to take fewer images
With a higher resolution camera you can cover a larger object with
only one image. With lower resolution more images are needed to
cover the same area with the same level o details. With a 640 x480 pixel camera equipped with at 45 degree lens, a wall area o
about 4 m x 3 m can be inspected at 5 meter distance with only
one image. To inspect the same wall with a 320 x 240 camera,
also with a 45 degree lens, our images on hal the distance are
required. Using a 640 x 480 camera represents a major increase
in efciency as not only ewer images need to be captured in the
feld, but also during the documentation phase.
2. Thermal SensitivityHigh camera sensitivity is particularly important or building
applications where temperature dierences are typically lower.
Higher sensitivity is needed to capture more detailed images and
thus better diagnoses or urther actions.
The higher the sensitivity the better the camera is to capture the
fnest image details even at low temperature dierences.
640 x 480 pixels
One IR image needed
65 mK sensitivity
320 x 240 pixels
Four IR images needed at hal the
distance
45 mK sensitivity
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3. Added Extra Camera FunctionsAs a rule o thumb, the more advanced an inrared camera is the
more special unctions are included. The less advanced carry alimited number o extra unctions thought to be adequate or the
users purpose.
Almost all proessional cameras and also some less advanced
cameras have a built-in digital camera. Proessional cameras also
have a Thermal Fusion and Picture-in-Picture unctionality which
merges visual and inrared images to oer better analysis and
reporting.
Above show the dierences in IR images taken rom the inside o a
house - with dierent camera sensitivity.
The less advanced cameras have lower resolution and normallyrange rom 80 x 80 up to 320 x 240 pixels. They give good
inormation when you perorm less advanced inspections and work
as an excellent hand tool. They are compact, easy to use, take
images that are good enough, and give the possibility to measure
temperature and to save images.
Picture-in-Picture allows a clear overview
o this high voltage installation.
Thermal image
Visual image
Thermal Fusion Image
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Some o the most advanced models have eatures as GPS or
tagging the inrared image to its geographic location, and tiltable
viewfnder, a necessary eature or outdoor use as it shows a very
sharpimagewithoutinuenceofambientlightandreections.
I you work a lot out in the felds, it is handy to have a multi-unction
camera. It means less equipment to take care o and makes the
user more eective.
Relative humidity alarm and insulation alarm
Proessional cameras include building specifc alarm unctions that
are particularly useul in building applications; relative humidity
alarm and insulation alarm. The relative humidity alarm alerts you to
the areas where there is a risk o condensation. In the image below
the area at risk is indicated as blue color.
The insulation alarm shows where the areas below or above a set
temperature are by making them appear in a dierent color. In the
image below the temperature is set to 17.5 C and all areas below
are clearly marked in green.
The image shows reections on an inner wall (to the right) rom the window to the
let.
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Interchangeable optics
The more advanced inrared cameras have interchangeable optics
or wider feld o view.
Reporting
The ability o presenting results rom an inrared inspection is animportant part o the inspection. All FLIR cameras come with basic
reporting sotware, FLIR QuickReport, which makes it easy to work
with the images aterward and put them together in a readymade
report template.
The more proessional cameras carry more eatures making
reportingevenbetterandmoreefcientwhenoutintheeld.Most
o these cameras oer possibilities o inputting both text- and voice
comments, either directly or via a PDA as a part o the image. The
inrared and digital images are linked together and are automatically
presented side by side in a report.
The need o efcient reporting is o great importance and the
multi-unction cameras with higher camera resolution and detector
sensitivity are important to produce the best quality in images and
temperature readings.
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4. Sotware RequirementsAnalyzing inrared images and reporting the results o inrared
inspections are important everyday tasks or any proessional
thermographer. Depending on your image analysis and reportingrequirements, a set o available sotware will support you:
FLIR BuildIR
The FLIR BuildIR sotware works together with an inrared camera
to visualize and quantiy building related problems like air infltration,
insulation deects, thermal bridges and moisture problems in a
proessional report. With new and unique eatures it also enables
quantiying and estimating the cost o the energy losses.
The sotware includes an Image Editor or advanced analysis o
the inrared image, a Panorama tool and a Sensor tool or making
graphs o the conditions during the inspection. The Panorama
unctionality allows stitching several images together into one big
image as well as crop and perspective corrections. Other highlights
include a Grid/Area Quantiying unction, Energy Cost Estimation
Calculator and customizable templates or building related reports.
FLIR Reporter
FLIR Reporter is a sotware or advanced image analysis andcreation o proessional reports. The sotware supports advanced
camera unctions such as; interval and blending usion, Picture-
in-Picture, Panorama and Trending, the ability to track thermal
inormation o inrared surveys to help with predictive and
preventive maintenance plans.
Reporter also supports IR cameras with built-in GPS capability. It
allows users to easily add maps, directions, longitude and latitude
readingstoreports.FLIRReporterisMicrosoftWordbased,which
makes it intuitive and easy or users to create reports using spellcheck, ormatting, and the templates customized or the FLIR
reporting application. Other advanced eatures include digital zoom,
color palette changes, play back o voice comments recorded in the
feld, and automatic conversion o reports to Adobe .pd ormat.
5. Training DemandsFLIR cooperates with Inrared Training Center (ITC), an independent,
ISO certifed, worldwide training acility. ITC oers everything
rom short introduction courses to certifcation courses. For moreinormation, visit www.inraredtraining.com.
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5. How to Carry out aThermographic Inspection
A thermographic inspection is either an interior and/or exterior
survey. The energy auditor decides which method would give the
best results under certain weather conditions. Interior scans are
more common, because warm air escaping rom a building does
not always move through the walls in a straight line. Heat loss
detected in one area o the outside wall might originate at some
other location on the inside o the wall. Also, it is harder to detect
temperature dierences on the outside surace o the building
during windy weather. Because o this difculty, interior surveys
are generally more accurate because they beneft rom reduced
air movement.
The principal when carrying out a thermographic survey is the
same whether its a amily house or industrial building.
1. Defne the TaskStart the assignment by interviewing the homeowner about the
conditions o the building. In this particular case well investigate
a townhouse, where energy usage has been reported to be toohigh. The homeowner tells us that its cold inside, especially when
its windy and especially one room is cold, irrespective o wind
outside.
2. Start rom the OutsideStartthethermographicinspectionfromtheoutside.Missing
insulation or cold bridges can quickly be located rom here. It is
important to snap some images also rom areas where conditions
seem to be ok. It will allow comparing the result with images
that show aults, to evaluate the extent o the dierent problemsound.
3. Set up a Blower Door TestThermographic scans are commonly used with a blower door test
running. The blower door helps exaggerate air leaking through
deects in the building shell. Air leaks appear as black streaks in
the inrared camera's viewfnder.
A blower door system includes three components: a calibrated
fan,adoorpanelsystem,andadevicetomeasurefanowandbuilding pressure. The blower door an is temporarily sealed into
an exterior doorway using the door panel system. The an is
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used to blow air into or out o the building, which creates a small
pressure dierence between inside and outside. This pressure
dierence orces air through all holes and penetrations in the
building enclosure. The tighter the building (e.g. ewer holes), theless air is needed rom the blower door an to create a change in
building pressure.
A thermographic inspection should always be carried out under
negative pressure. With the blower door we create a negative
pressure inside o 50 Pa. The blower door test clearly shows that
the house leaks about 50% more than regulations allow. Next
step is to fnd the leakages and other problem areas.
The blower door equipment is normally installed in the entrance door.
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4. Thermal Scanning o the InteriorTo prepare or the interior thermal scan, the inspector should
take steps to ensure an accurate result. This may include moving
urniture away rom exterior walls and removing drapes. The mostaccurate thermographic images usually occur when there is a
large temperature dierence (at least 10C) between inside and
outside air temperatures.
Now we start scanning every room in the house with the inrared
camera. When taking images be very accurate about where it was
taken.Agoodideaistomarkwitharrowsonaoorplanfrom
what angles the thermal images are taken.
5. Analysis and ReportingWhen all rooms have been inspected it is time to return to the
ofce to do the analysis o the images and to summarize the
fndings in a report. Analysis and reporting is carried out using the
sotware FLIR BuildIR.
Below are two examples o aults located in the townhouse and
part o the reason why the house is cold and energy inefcient:
The image to the let shows air leaks between the door lea and threshold. The
pattern is characteristic. The image to the right shows air leaks along the cornice
and very bad insulation in the ceiling.
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6. Standards
The current European standard or thermal imaging o building
abric is 13187. Thermal perormance o buildings. Qualitative
detection o thermal irregularities in building envelopes, inrared
method (ISO 6781: 1993 modifed).
There is also a standard or Blower Door testing, commonly used
in conjunction with a thermographic survey; 13829. Thermal
perormance o buildings. Determination o air permeability o
buildings. Fan pressurization method(ISO 9972: 1996, modifed).
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7. Application Stories
Read how our customers are using FLIR inrared cameras or
building diagnostics and energy auditing purposes:
HeatSeeker Vehicles Scan UK Homes or Poor
Insulation
Infrared specialist UK-based Thermascan has designed
mobile Heat-Seeker vehicles assessed to scan the insulation
condition or houses.
Operating at night and during the heating season, the multi-
technology imaging system determines the address o each
property and produces an energy efciency verdict which is
attached to a thermal image.
This cutting-edge system is equipped with high caliber thermal
camera, the FLIR SC620 that is able to record images as the
vehicletravelsatbetween1015mph.Vitaltothisapplication
is the cameras Firewire digital output enabling us to conduct real-
time analysis o the property images, explains system designerDave Blain. It also has a 640 x 480 detector that provides the
high resolution we need to capture as much detail as possible. We
can survey up to 5,000 properties in a single evening shit, Dave
Blain continues. And at the end o it the system automatically
categorizes the results according to the insulation need.
The image shows reections on an inner wall (to the right) rom the window to the let.
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FLIR B-Series IR camera Optimizes Passive
Housing Construction
As energy prices soar, the market for low-energy house
building is becoming promising all over Europe. AIROPTIMA
is using infrared cameras to check the building substance and
air circulation during and after the construction phase.
Passive houses have to be planned and constructed with care.
The building process has to be monitored very closely says
MarkusMeyer,ownerofAIROPTIMA,abuildingconsulting
companyspecializedinHVACissuesforresidentialbuildingsand
in particular eco houses. An inrared camera combined withthe blower door procedure is a perect instrument to detect
temperature dierences in a non-contact and non-destructive
way. These temperature dierences are prime indicators o
building construction aults, warm bridges or air leaks.
MeyerusesaFLIRB360whichhasspecicmeasurement
eatures or building applications to inspect the construction ater
each building stage and ater ull completion o the house. He
oten uses the cameras humidity and insulation alarm unctions
as well as its Picture-in-Picture unctionality. His reports or
building owners, architects or energy consultants are made
with the FLIR Reporter sotware and contain advice on which
appliances to use in order to optimize the houses heating and
ventilation.
Inrared image shows insulation
quality o a low energy house
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Inrared Camera Tells Truth about Walls and
Facades
Building insulation quality becomes a pressing issue as heating
costs increases. An infrared camera for building applications and
the experts eye can do a lot to save on energy. Buchstaller in
Germany is a company specialized in water damage assessment
and thermographic inspection residential buildings.
Buildingandoorleakinspectionsareourmainapplications,
says Gnther Buchstaller, a master bricklayer and plasterer. In
addition, the camera provides support in showing Buchstaller
orhisbusinesspartnerMartinGastagerwherenottodrillwhendoing leak surveys or water damage assessments, an asset in a
regionwhereoorheatingiscommon.
Buchstaller has chosen the FLIR B360 inrared camera: The
cameras screen size is important, not only or our user comort,
but also or the customer who fnds the technology quite
impressive, the tiltable lens unit is very handy and the cameras
weight makes working very easy.
Skyrocketing heating costs and an aordable technology areopening up new market and service perspectives or building
proessionals. Buchstaller says he expects to amortize his
inrared camera within two years.
Examples o inefcient piping insulation between kitchen and bathroom
Bad insulation above balcony window
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8. FLIR IR Camera Rangefor the Building Industry
FLIR oers a ull range o inraredcameras or building applications.
FLIR i7 FLIR b60
Models in series FLIR i5/i7 FLIR b40/b50/b60
Resolution 120 120 pixels 180 180 pixels
Field o View (FOV) 25 25 25 25
Thermal sensitivity 100 mK 80 mK
Image requency 9 Hz 9 Hz
Focus Focus ree Manual
Zoom
Display 2.8 color LCD 3.5 color LCD
Temperature range 0C to +250C 20 to +120C
Accuracy 2C or 2 % 2C or 2 %
Spotmeter 1 (center spot) 1 (center spot)
Measurement area Box with max./min.1 box/ull image with
min./max.
Isotherm Above/below Above/below
Image storage type miniSD card microSD card
Periodic storage
Interaces USBMini -B USBMini,USB -A
Camera weight, incl. battery 0.34 kg 0.60 kg
Camera size (L W H) 223 79 83 mm 235 81 175 mmDigital Camera 2.3Megapixels
Dewpoint, Humidity & Insulationalarm
Laser Pointer (incllaseralignment)
Picture in Picture Scalable
Thermal usion
Panorama
GPSContrast Optimizer
Radiometric IR video recording
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FLIR B400 FLIR B660
FLIR B200/B250/B360/B400 FLIR B620/B640/B660
320 240 pixels 640 480 pixels
25 19 24 18
50 mK 45 mK
30 Hz 30 Hz
Automatic or manualAutomatic (one shot or ollow the
laserspot) or manual
1-8x continuous, digital zoom, incl. panning 1-8x continuous, digital zoom, incl. panning
3.5 color LCD, touch screen 5.6 color LCD, widescreen
20C to +120C 40C to +120C
2C or 2 % 1C or 1 %
5 10
5 boxes with max./min./average 5 boxes or circles with max./min./average
Detect high/low temperature/interval 2 with above/below/interval
SD memory cardMemorycard,built-inRAMmemoryfor
burst recording
Every 10 seconds up to 24 hours Every 10 seconds up to 24 hours
USB-mini, USB-A, composite video, headsetconnection
Firewire, USB-mini, USB-A, IrDA,composite video, headset connection
0.88 kg 1.80 kg
106 201 125 mm 324 x 144 x 147 mm1,3Megapixels 3,2Megapixels
(incl laser alignment and 3 laser modes;
Auto Focus/Level/Spotmeter)
Resizable & movable Resizable & movable
IR image shown above, below or withintemp interval on visual image
IR image shown above, below or withintemp interval on visual image
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FLIR Systems AB (head oce)Sweden
World Wide Thermography Center
+46 (0)8 753 25 00
sales@fir.se
FLIR Systems Ltd.United Kingdom
+44 (0)1732 220 011
sales@fir.uk.com
FLIR Systems S.r.l.Italy
+39 (0)2 99 45 10 01
ino@fir.it
FLIR Systems GmbHGermany
+49 (0)69 95 00 900
ino@fir.de
FLIR Systems SarlFrance
+33 (0)1 41 33 97 97
ino@fir.r
FLIR Systems ABBelgium
+32 (0)3 287 87 10
ino@fir.be
Whats your application?What kind of infrared camerais best for your needs?
To speak to an inrared camera expert,
please contact:
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