building analogies
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Table of contents
Table of contents...................................................................................................................................I
Introduction..........................................................................................................................................1
How to read this document..............................................................................................................1
How to use this document................................................................................................................1
The language....................................................................................................................................1
Updates............................................................................................................................................1
License and disclaimer.........................................................................................................................2
History..................................................................................................................................................3
About the "Building Analogies" drill...................................................................................................4
Relationships....................................................................................................................................4
Verbs............................................................................................................................................5
To be.......................................................................................................................................5
To do/make.............................................................................................................................6
With nouns/objects............................................................................................................6
With verbs..........................................................................................................................6To have...................................................................................................................................7
Prepositions.................................................................................................................................8
Romanian..............................................................................................................................................9
Verb 'to be'........................................................................................................................................9
To be (category)..........................................................................................................................9
Foods - Office Objects - Travel Objects - Animal Cubs......................................................10
Bathroom Objects - Bedroom Objects Beverages - Birds.................................................12
Body Parts Buildings - Car Objects - Characters..............................................................14
Cleaning Objects, Clothing, Colors, Community Items.......................................................16
Computers & Accessories - Dog Breeds - Farm Animals - Fishes.......................................18
Other languages..................................................................................................................................20
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Building Analogies - Introduction
Introduction
The Building Analogies document is a companion of the Teach Me Language book by Sabrina
Freeman and Lorelei Dake and the Companion Exercise Forms book by the same authors. Itcontains several trials for the Building Analogies drill from the above mentioned books.
This document is not meant to replace the original book or the companion book. All it contains are
examples to use in the therapy for speech delays based on Teach Me Language along with a way to
organize the trials in a logical manner.
How to read this document
It is strongly recommended to read the explanatory part of this document (pages 1 - 9) from start to
finish.
The order in which the trials get selected is of lesser importance; simply select the trials that best fityour child in the order you feel is appropriate.
How to use this document
Each trial form is meant to be handed to the child. If the child cannot read, then reading the words
to him or replacing the text with images is equally good.
It is important to ask the child why he's resolved the way he did. This stimulates critical thinking in
the child and it encourages him to express his thoughts.
The language
The language of the explanatory part of the document (pages 1 - 9) is English. The language of the
trials (pages 9 - 20) is Romanian.
We didn't have time to produce an English version of the words but passing the trials through
Google Translate renders good results. We provide an entry in the document as a place for other
languages (see page 20).
If you are interested to contribute with translations in English or other languages, please contact us
via http://mariusfilip.blogspot.com.
Updates
The development of this document is a continuous work. The initial version contains the initial
trials only.
Please check the FILES section of our blog at http://mariusfilip.blogspot.com to download new
versions of this document. The History section at page 3 lists all the successive changes.
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Building Analogies - License and disclaimer
License and disclaimer
You are free to read, use, store and copy for personal use this document at no cost. You may not
distribute the document or parts of it to anyone without explicit permission from the author. Youmay freely disseminate information on how to obtain a copy of this document.
The information in this document has not been reviewed by any specialist in Verbal Behavior,
language pathology, behaviorism or psychology. The authors of the Teach Me Language book did
not endorse our interpretation of their work, neither did they evaluate the suitability of the examples
presented herein.
You may use the information herein AS IS, with no warranty expressed or implied. The author of
this document makes no claim of suitability of this information for any purpose and no damage or
loss resulted from the usage of this information may be imputed to him.
Any collision of name, terms, titles or meaning with trademarked elements or works protected by
copyright is purely incidental and may not be interpreted as trademark or copyright infringement in
any way.
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Building Analogies - History
History
05/08/10 Document created.
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Building Analogies - About the "Building Analogies" drill
About the "Building Analogies" drill
The Building Analogies drill of the Teach Me Language book is meant to develop critical thinking
in children with speech delays by teaching them that there are similar relationships among objects.
Relationships
Relationships form the basis of this drill and each relationship has a verb at its root. For example:
The relationship banana yellow, tomato red, cucumber green has
at its core the verb has the color.
The relationship horse grass, fox chicken, hen corn has at its core
the verb eats.
The relationship fish water, bear woods, dog backyard has at itscore the verb lives in.
The relationship bird - air, fish water, deer meadow has at its core
the verb does (its main activity) in.
The natural way to look at analogy relationships is to see what verb represents them best. In other
words, we can classify analogy relationships based on their core verbs.
If the child has difficulties with prepositions when formulating sintactically correct sentences, then
prepositions must be treated separately, too (see Prepositions at page 8).
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Building Analogies - About the "Building Analogies" drill
Verbs
Not every verb that a child knows is elligible to represent an analogy relationship but many do: to
eat (horse grass, hen corn), to help (doctor patient, teacher
student), to push (finger button, foot pedal), to live (fish water,
bear woods).
Three verbs require a context so they require special attention: to be, to do/make and to
have.
To be
The verb to be is too complex to be considered a single representative for analogy relationships
since it's part of many compounds:
is a (category), for example horse domestic animal, wolf wildanimal, tomato - vegetable, math science.
is a (unary attribute), for example lemon yellow, elephant
big, mouse tiny.
is a (binary attribute), for example France Germany, Greece
Albania, United States Mexico ('are neighbors') orhen horse, bear
fox, TV computer, socks gloves ('are same category').
is a (past participle) is a special kind of binary attribute representing the reverse
of another relationship. For example, is eaten by is the reverse ofeats.
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Building Analogies - About the "Building Analogies" drill
To do/make
This verb has two main incarnations: to do/make something (noun) orto do/make
something (verb). The second instance is particularly difficult because it implies a semantic
redirection from one verb to another.
With nouns/objects
In the case ofto do/make something (noun) it may be necessary to group the nouns or
objects by their class, as in the following examples:
sheep wool, cow milk, pig ham (the class is 'things useful to humans').
sheep baa, dog bow-wow, monkey oo-oo-ah-ah (the class is
'sound').
Ford truck, Boeing plane, Kawasaki motorcycle (the class is
'vehicles').
Dell computers, Toshiba VCR, Bose speakers, Nintendo
game station (the class is 'electronics').
Such grouping should occur only if the child has difficulties with grasping the relationship,
otherwise splitting the nouns/objects by category is not required.
With verbs
Much more tricky is to do/make something (verb) because the indirect semantics isharder to grasp, as shown in the following examples:
bird - air, fish water, deer meadow is a to do/make
something (verb) relationship, the verbs being fly, swim, run.
mechanic car, policeman alarm, doctor patient is a to
do/make something (verb) relationship, the verbs being repair, turn on,
cure.
To complicate the things further, when explaining the reasons for choosing an analogy, the child
cannot use 'does (verb)' but 'verb'.
For example:
The teacher asks: "why does mechanic go with car, policeman with alarm and
doctor with patient?".
The student answers: "because the mechanic repairs the car, the policeman turns the alarm
on and the doctor cures the patient" although a verbatim expression of the relationship
would be "the mechanic does repairon the car", etc.
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Building Analogies - About the "Building Analogies" drill
To have
This verb denotes ownership between an entity and another object or a quality (attribute).
In the case ofto have (object), the set of owned objects may be split by categories. For
example, a man has parents (category 'people'), teeth (category 'body parts'), a home (category'places') as well as wishes (category 'emotions'). Depending on how confortable does the student
feel with maneuvering the set of owned objects, splitting them by category is an option.
The case of to have (attribute), is very similar with the case of is a (unary
attribute) since most unary attributes may be thought of in both terms (see page 5). Splitting
the set of unary attributes is an option that this document considers (see page ).
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Building Analogies - About the "Building Analogies" drill
Prepositions
Some verbs require or use prepositions: stay at, stay on, stay under. If the child has difficulties with
finding the right prepositon when expressing the relationship, then the prepositions need to be taken
in account.
As of today (05/08/10) this document does not take into account prepositions although this may
change in the future.
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Building Analogies - Romanian
Romanian
This chapter contains the sheets for Romanian form of the trials. For trials in other languages, see
chapterOther languages at page 20.This chapter contains analogy replationships by verb (see page 5). We do not provide distinction by
preposition (see page 8).
Verb 'to be'
This section deals with the trials derived from the verb 'a fi' ('to be').
To be (category)
This section deals with the relationship between entities and their categories (grouped by four):
Foods, Office Objects, Travel Objects, Animal Cubs
Bathroom Objects, Bedroom Objects, Beverages, Birds
Body Parts, Buildings, Car Objects, Characters
Cleaning Objects, Clothing, Colors, Community Items
Computers & Accessories, Dog Breeds, Farm Animals, Fishes
Flowers, Footware, Fruits, Furniture
Household Objects, Ingredients, Insects, Instruments
Kitchen Objects, Letters, Living Room Objects, Materials
Moments of the Day, Monkeys, Nature, Occupations
Outer Space Items, People, Personal Objects, Pets
Places, Plant Parts, Reptiles, Rooms
Sea Creatures, Seasons, Shapes, Sport Grounds
Sport Objects, Sports, Stationery Objects, Structures
Tools, Toys, Vegetables, Vehicles
Weather, Wild Animals, Bird Body Parts, Trees.
For each group of four categories we give a single set of four correspondences. Create new sets as
needed.
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Building Analogies - Romanian
Foods - Office Objects - Travel Objects - Animal Cubs
HAMBURGHER MNCARE
CRUCIOR DE BAGAJE OBIECTE DIN BIROU
CLIMAROBIECTE DECLTORIE
MIEL PUI DE ANIMALE
MNCARE
OBIECTE DIN BIROU
OBIECTE DE
CLTORIEPUI DE ANIMALE
MNCARE
OBIECTE DIN BIROU
OBIECTE DECLTORIE
PUI DE ANIMALE
MNCARE
OBIECTE DIN BIROU
OBIECTE DECLTORIE
PUI DE ANIMALE
MNCARE
OBIECTE DIN BIROUOBIECTE DECLTORIE
PUI DE ANIMALE
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Building Analogies - Romanian
MNCARE
OBIECTE DIN BIROU
OBIECTE DE
CLTORIE
PUI DE ANIMALE
MNCARE
OBIECTE DIN BIROU
OBIECTE DECLTORIE
PUI DE ANIMALE
MNCARE
OBIECTE DIN BIROU
OBIECTE DECLTORIE
PUI DE ANIMALE
MNCARE
OBIECTE DIN BIROU
OBIECTE DECLTORIE
PUI DE ANIMALE
MNCARE
OBIECTE DIN BIROU
OBIECTE DE
CLTORIE
PUI DE ANIMALE
MNCARE
OBIECTE DIN BIROU
OBIECTE DECLTORIE
PUI DE ANIMALE
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Building Analogies - Romanian
Bathroom Objects - Bedroom Objects Beverages - Birds
ROBINET OBIECTE DIN BAIE
CEAI OBIECTE DINDORMITOR
COCO BUTURI
CNTAR PSRI
OBIECTE DIN BAIE
OBIECTE DINDORMITOR
BUTURIPSRI
OBIECTE DIN BAIE
OBIECTE DINDORMITOR
BUTURI
PSRI
OBIECTE DIN BAIE
OBIECTE DINDORMITOR
BUTURI
PSRI
OBIECTE DIN BAIE
OBIECTE DINDORMITOR
BUTURI
PSRI
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Building Analogies - Romanian
OBIECTE DIN BAIE
OBIECTE DINDORMITOR
BUTURI
PSRI
OBIECTE DIN BAIE
OBIECTE DINDORMITOR
BUTURI
PSRI
OBIECTE DIN BAIE
OBIECTE DINDORMITOR
BUTURI
PSRI
OBIECTE DIN BAIE
OBIECTE DINDORMITOR
BUTURI
PSRI
OBIECTE DIN BAIE
OBIECTE DINDORMITOR
BUTURI
PSRI
OBIECTE DIN BAIE
OBIECTE DINDORMITOR
BUTURI
PSRI
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Building Analogies - Romanian
PRI ALE CORPULUI
CLDIRI
OBIECTE DIN MAIN
PERSONAJE
PRI ALE CORPULUI
CLDIRI
OBIECTE DIN MAIN
PERSONAJE
PRI ALE CORPULUI
CLDIRI
OBIECTE DIN MAIN
PERSONAJE
PRI ALE CORPULUI
CLDIRI
OBIECTE DIN MAIN
PERSONAJE
PRI ALE CORPULUI
CLDIRI
OBIECTE DIN MAIN
PERSONAJE
PRI ALE CORPULUI
CLDIRI
OBIECTE DIN MAIN
PERSONAJE
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Building Analogies - Romanian
Cleaning Objects, Clothing, Colors, Community Items
MARO OBIECTE DE CURAT
APC MBRCMINTE
TOALET PUBLIC CULORI
CIMEAOBIECTE DINCOMUNITATE
OBIECTE DE CURAT
MBRCMINTE
CULORI
OBIECTE DINCOMUNITATE
OBIECTE DE CURAT
MBRCMINTE
CULORI
OBIECTE DINCOMUNITATE
OBIECTE DE CURAT
MBRCMINTE
CULORI
OBIECTE DINCOMUNITATE
OBIECTE DE CURAT
MBRCMINTECULORI
OBIECTE DINCOMUNITATE
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Building Analogies - Romanian
OBIECTE DE CURAT
MBRCMINTE
CULORI
OBIECTE DINCOMUNITATE
OBIECTE DE CURAT
MBRCMINTE
CULORI
OBIECTE DINCOMUNITATE
OBIECTE DE CURAT
MBRCMINTE
CULORI
OBIECTE DINCOMUNITATE
OBIECTE DE CURAT
MBRCMINTE
CULORI
OBIECTE DINCOMUNITATE
OBIECTE DE CURAT
MBRCMINTE
CULORI
OBIECTE DINCOMUNITATE
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Building Analogies - Romanian
Computers & Accessories - Dog Breeds - Farm Animals - Fishes
TERIERCALCULATOARE I
ACCESORII
STIV DE CDuri RASE DE CINI
OAIEANIMALE DE LA
FERM
PISIC DE MARE PETI
CALCULATOARE IACCESORII
RASE DE CINI
ANIMALE DE LAFERM
PETI
CALCULATOARE IACCESORII
RASE DE CINI
ANIMALE DE LA
FERM
PETI
CALCULATOARE IACCESORII
RASE DE CINI
ANIMALE DE LAFERM
PETI
CALCULATOARE IACCESORII
RASE DE CINI
ANIMALE DE LAFERM
PETI
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Building Analogies - Romanian
CALCULATOARE IACCESORII
RASE DE CINI
ANIMALE DE LAFERM
PETI
CALCULATOARE IACCESORII
RASE DE CINI
ANIMALE DE LAFERM
PETI
CALCULATOARE IACCESORII
RASE DE CINI
ANIMALE DE LAFERM
PETI
CALCULATOARE IACCESORII
RASE DE CINI
ANIMALE DE LAFERM
PETI
CALCULATOARE IACCESORII
RASE DE CINI
ANIMALE DE LAFERM
PETI
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Building Analogies - Other languages
Other languages
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