bridges

BridgesHistorical

DevelopmentTeacher: Vesna Marković

http://www.prevodioci.co.rs/

Bridges have fascinated mankind from the earliest recorded times. They are considered as the symbol of civil engineering. The earliest bridge was built on the Nile about 2650 BC.

The first true suspension bridge consisted of three cables with two on each side to act as handrails to enable the passenger to walk on the third which was tied below.

Another form of primitive bridge in timber was a girder type on floating

supports, which was the forerunner of the

pontoon bridge.

Another form of primitive bridge in timber was a girder type on floating

supports, which was the forerunner of the

pontoon bridge.

Leonardo da Vinci, during the Renaissance, had a fundamental influence on engineering and especially on bridge design. Da Vinci studied the strength of materials such as iron wires.

The 19th century was the rise of the great iron and steel bridges. One of the famous early bridges in steel was the St. Louis Bridge over the Mississippi River.

Towards the end of the 19th century

reinforced concrete was significantly

applied to bridge construction.

Although historically structural steel had a big lead, the applications of concrete have steadily increased.

Types of bridges

Beam bridges are horizontal beams supported at each end

by piers.

Arch bridges are arch-shaped. The earliest known arch bridges were built by the Greeks. Dubai in the United Arab Emirates is currently building the largest arch bridge in the world, which is scheduled for completion in 2012.

Suspension bridges are suspended from cables. The earliest suspension bridges were made of ropes. In modern bridges, the cables are used.The longest suspension bridge in the world is the 3,909 m Akashi Kaikyo Bridge in Japan.

Suspension bridges are suspended from cables. The earliest suspension bridges were made of ropes. In modern bridges, the cables are used.The longest suspension bridge in the world is the 3,909 m Akashi Kaikyo Bridge in Japan.

Cantilever bridges are built using cantilevers — horizontal beams that are supported on only one end. The largest cantilever bridge is the 167 m Quebec Bridge in Canada.

Cantilever bridges are built using cantilevers — horizontal beams that are supported on only one end. The largest cantilever bridge is the 167 m Quebec Bridge in Canada.

wordlist• suspension bridge - a bridge with a

roadway suspended from cables supported by structures at each end – viseći most

• handrail - a narrow rail for holding as a support on stairs etc. - rukohvat

• enable - make possible - omogućiti• tie - attach or fasten with string or cord

- vezati

• timber - wood prepared for building – drvena građa

• girder - a large iron or steel beam or compound structure for bearing loads, esp. in bridge-building - greda

• float - to rest or move on the surface of a liquid without sinking - plutati

• forerunner – sth that was first, before the original - preteča

• pontoon bridge – floating bridge which is on the surface of the water - ponton

• influence - influence; have an effect on - uticaj

• strength - the state of being strong - snaga

• iron – metal - gvožđe• wire - metal drawn out into the form of a thin

rope - žica

• steel - iron with carbon and other elements - čelik

• reinforced concrete - concrete with metal bars or wire to increase its strength – armirani beton

• application - the use - primena• steadily – constantly- stalno, sigurno• beam - a long piece of timber or metal

which supports the structure above - greda

• pier - a support – stub, podupirač• arch bridge - a curved structure of a

bridge – lučni most• schedule – plan of work - plan• completion – finish - završetak• cantilever bridge - a bridge made of

cantilevers projecting from the piers and connected by girder – konzolni brod

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