bpmn

©Nuno Pina Gonçalves – Janeiro 2011

Agenda

1) Introdução ao BPMN

2) Elementos gráficos

3) Diagramas usados no BPMN

4) Exemplos e exercícios

©Nuno Pina Gonçalves - Janeiro 2011

Processos de Negócio

Conjunto de tarefas ou actividades relacionadasque produzem um serviço ou produto específicopara uma pessoa/ cliente ou grupos de pessoas/ clientes

O Business Process Management (BPM) pretendeefectuar a optimização dos processos de negócio

Ciclo de vida do BPM

Modelar

Executar

Monitorizar

Optimizar

Desenhar

Business Process Diagram (BPD)

Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN)

Define um modo standard de representar os processos de negócio nos Business Process Diagrams (BPD)

Objectivos: Notação gráfica standard

Intuitiva e compreensiva

Faz a ponte entre os analistas de negócio e quem desenvolve

Elementos Gráficos

Finalidade: Simbólicos Reconhecimento instantâneo Diferenciação

Quatro categorias: Flow Objects Connecting Objects Swimlanes Artifacts

Flow Objects

São os elementos principais dos BPD. Três tipos:

Activity

Gateway

Flow ObjectsEventos

O que é um evento? Representado por um círculo. Três tipos diferentes:

Start Event: Intermediate Event: End Event:

Podem ter um resultado ou um “trigger”. Usados para iniciar, interromper ou terminar um

fluxo.©Nuno Pina Gonçalves - Janeiro 2011

Flow ObjectsActividades

O que é uma actividade? Representado por um rectângulo de cantos

arredondados. Dois tipos diferentes:

Tarefas:

Sub-Processos:

Os sub-processos podem-se expandir em outros processos.

Flow ObjectsGateway (desvios)

O que é um desvio? Ajuda a convergir ou a divergir o fluxo. Representado por um losango. Exemplos:

Desvio exclusivo (XOR)

Desvio inclusivo (OR)

Desvio paralelo (AND)

Desvio complexo

Desvios baseados em eventos Desvio condicionado por evento

(apenas usado para divergência e para eventos)

Desvio exclusivo baseado em eventos

Desvio paralelo baseado em eventos

Desvios exclusivos (XOR)

Desvio paralelo (AND)

O processo só continua quando ambos os “tokens” tenham chegado

Podem ser seleccionados um ou mais fluxosUm desvio inclusivo aguarda por todos os “tokens” que foram iniciados

A entrega ao cliente apenas é feita quando todos os fluxos que foram iniciados terminem

Podem-se fazer várias combinações de desvios

Desvios complexos

Dividir sem “desvios”

Desvios por eventos

Objectos de ligação

Ajudam a ligar os objectos de fluxo. Três tipos:

Sequence Flow Descreve a ordem de execução dos objectos de fluxo.

Message Flow Descreve o fluxo de mensagens entre dois participantes do

processo. Associations Associa dados, texto e artefactos com os objectos de fluxo Usado para mostrar as entradas e as saídas das

actividades.

Swimlanes (divisões)

Ilustra diferentes capacidades funcionais ou responsabilidades.

Dois tipos:

Pool (divisões):

Descreve diferentes entidades empresariais / participantes.

O fluxo não pode ultrapassar as fronteiras da divisão

Os “Message flow” são usados paracomunicação com outras divisões.

Lanes (compartimentos):

Descreve participantes relacionadosmas distintos.

Os fluxos podem atravessar os limitesdos compartimentos.

Os “Message flow” não podem serusados entre duas divisões

Exercício 1

The process starts when the Area Director receives a letter from the Control Organization with a requirement for specific information. The Area Director enters the requirement into the system, assigns a person that will respond to it, indicating a date of expiry and the corresponding time that the person has to give the response.

The person assigned can see the time that is available to make the response report, review the whole case and enter the response to the requirement.

Later the Director should review the assigned user’s response, change what is considered pertinent and decide if this is the definitive response for the Control Organization. That is, if it is considered necessary, the person who prepared the response should review the case again and complete and correct the response. In this way, indicating that the response is not the definitive and that a new task will be generated to the person assigned. If the Director is satisfied that the response is definitive, then the letter of response is generated, printed and sent to the Control Organization.

a. Make the Process Flow using the BPMN notation previously seen.

Artefactos

Ajudam a especificar detalhes. Não alteram a sequência dos fluxos. Podem ser criados para adicionar mais detalhe ao modo

como o processo é executado. Existem 3 tipos pré-definidos:

Data ObjectsMostra como os dados são produzidos ou obtidos pelas

entidades Group Agrupar para melhor analise/documentação.

Anotações As anotações fornecem informaçãoextra. Semelhante a comentários

Eventos

Algo que ocorre oupoderá vir a ocorrerdurante o decurso de umprocesso

3 tipos:

Eventos

Algo que ocorre oupoderá vir a ocorrerdurante o decurso de umprocesso

3 tipos:

Eventos de início - mensagem

Eventos de início - timer

Eventos de fim

Eventos de fim - mensagem

Eventos de fim - terminar

Eventos de fim - cancelar

Eventos de fim - erro

Eventos intermédios

Eventos intermédios - none

Eventos intermédios - mensagem

Eventos intermédios - link

Eventos intermédios - cancel

Eventos intermédios - error

Eventos intermédios - compensation

Eventos intermédios - sinal

Vistas do BPMN

Processos de negócio internos Concentram-se no ponto de vista de uma única

organização. Definem actividades que não estão visíveis ao público. Podem ser executados em paralelo com outros

elementos de negócio.

Diagramas de colaboração B2B

Diagramas de colaboração B2B Interacção entre duas ou mais entidades de negócio.

Definem interacções que são públicas para cadaparticipante.

Mostram menos detalhe interno das entidades

Diagramas de colaboração B2B

Correcto e errado

Exemplos de SubProcessos

Mapeamento do BPMN

BPMN inclui um mapeamento parcial para o Business Process Execution Language (BPEL)

Alterações feitas no modelo BPMN não sãoactualizadas no código BPEL.

UML vs BPMN

Os diagramas de actividades da UML são similares aoBPMN

Diferentes aproximações: UML: system view, object-oriented approach BPMN: customer view, process-oriented approach

BPMN está voltado para os analistas de negócio : BPMN - simplificado UML - muito complexa

Bom uso do BPMN

Mau uso do BPMN

O que é um mau uso?

BPMN não permite a diferenciação de elementosmúltiplos Many ASPs involved in the bidding But which ASPs placed bids and which did not? Cannot identify winning ASP, cannot assign task!

BPMN não permite a “passagem por referência” TaskPlanner cannot know which ASP completed a task It cannot even know if the task was completed

Outras desvantagens do BPMN

Não existe o conceiro de funções do processo Não é possível atribuir responsabilidades às pessoas Difícil definir execuções

Há muitas variações possíveis por construtor

Os analistas de negócio utilizam apenas alguns dos simbolos

O futuro do BPMN

Não há um formato standard de armazenamento É difícil trocar diagramas entre diferentes ferramentas O formato XPDL facilita a resolução deste problema

BPMN não tem uma semantica de execuçãoformalizada i.e., Como lidar com excepções? Muitas ferramentas têm conceitos diferentes entre si Desenvolver trabalho sobre a BPMN pode ajudar a

colmatar estas dificuldades

Conclusões

Paradigma alternativo de desenvolvimento aplicacional Permite a modelação de processos pelos analistas de

negócio Aproximação centrada no utilizador e não uma

apoximação centrada no sistema

Facilita a compreensão e comunicação dos processosde negócio dentro e entre organizações

Não pode ser aplicada em todo o tipo de cenários

Exercício 2

Modify the previous process, diagramming the following situation:

In case the response is not made within the time stipulated, an activity is generated for the Director, who should respond to the requirement to meet the date.

Model this process using the BPMN notation previously seen.

Exercício 3

Purpose: this process allows the Bank to verify if a reimbursement should be done to a customer.

This process starts when a reimbursement request is done by a customer or any employee of the bank. Once the request is entered into the system, this system sends an order to make a provision for the refund to the system XY and an task is assigned to the operational analyst, who should evaluate the facts, research the case and finally give a concept about this reimbursement request.

If the concept given by the analyst is favourable, an payment authorization (transaction) is sent, but the user's level of authority should be taken into account. If the analyst who sends the payment authorization does not have the enough level of authority, a task is assigned to the analyst’s supervisor to obtain an authorization for this transaction. In case that this new user has the enough level, the system will send the transaction. Otherwise, if the user does not have the appropriated level of authority, a new task will be assigned to the user’s immediate supervisor and so on until a user with the authority can authorize the payment.

On other hand, if the reimbursement is denied and the request was done by the customer, a notification is sent to him / her.

Model the process using the BPMN notation previously seen.

Exercício 4

Commission payment process In XYZ Company’s commission payment process, each

vendor needs to prepare and submit their sales report for review and consolidation.

When each sales report is received, it is approved by the commercial manager. If not approved, the vendor is requested to resubmit a revised sales report. Resubmitted reports are reviewed like the original.

When all sales reports are approved, a sales summary report is consolidated by the commercial manager to pay the corresponding commissions.

Exercício 5

Claims Process

First, an employee of the Department of Logistics registers every complaint or claim presented. After registration, an employee of the department sends a complaint form to the client with questions about

the nature of the claim. There are two possibilities: that the customer return the form within two weeks or not. If the form is returned, it is processed automatically, resulting in a report that will be used later in the process.

If the form is not returned on time, a time-out occurs, resulting in an empty report. Note that the not-receive of the form does not mean the end of the process or that the complaint is to be dismissed. After registration, in parallel with the dispatch and receipt of the form, the preparation process begins.

First, the complaint is evaluated by the Complaint Department Director. The assessment will indicate whether an additional processing is required. If no additional processing is required and the form was processed, the complaint or claim is filed. If additional processing is required, an employee of the Complaint Department executes the task "Process Complaint" (in this activity the action required to resolve the complaint are proposed). To process the complaint, the report resulting from the form is used.

Note that the report can be empty. The result of the task, "Process Complaint" is considered by the Complaint Department Director. If the result is not OK, the Process Complaint task is executed again. This is repeated several times until the result is accepted. If the result is accepted, an employee of the Complaint Department executes the actions proposed. After this, the complaint or claim is filed by an employee of the logistic department.

Exercício 6

Travel Agency

To organize a trip, a travel agency performs several activities. First, the client is registered. Then an employee looks for opportunities and communicates them to the client. After that, the client will be contacted to ask him if he is still interested in the trip proposed by the agency or if he would like to receive other options. There are 3 possibilities:

The client is definitely not interested The client would like to receive other options The client chooses an option If the client chooses a trip, the corresponding booking is carried out. At the same time, one or

two types of insurances are prepared, if he wishes. A client can take a trip cancellation and/or luggage loss insurance. Please bear in mind that a client can decide not to take any insurance at all, to take only the cancellation insurance, only the luggage loss insurance or both. Two weeks before the departing date the documents are sent to the client. A trip can be cancelled at any time after making the reservation (including the insurance) and before the departing date. Bear in mind that clients who have no cancellation insurance can cancel the trip, but won´t get a refund.

Exercício 7

Let’s have a party

A group of students want to set up a company to organize parties. The client has to state the amount of money he wants to spend, the number of people who will be attending and the area where the party will be. With this information the agency looks for suitable locations and takes care of the rest.

The party can be inside or outside. If the party is inside, a hall has to be rented. However, if the party is outside, an area, a marquee and an authorization to make noise (music) are needed.

There are two types of music: live music or CDs. The agency itself, and not the client, chooses between these options. Live music is preferred, but it is expensive, therefore most of the parties use CDs. The CD option is also selected when there is no time to select a band. If the CD option is chosen, the sound system has to be prepared. In case live music is chosen, things are more complicated. First, a band is selected. Then a letter is sent to the band inviting them to play at the party. If the band doesn´t reply within a week, a new band is picked and the process is repeated. If the second band replies, there are again two possibilities: either they are interested or not. In the second case a new band is picked and the process is repeated. In the first case, however, the band is not hired right away. First, the agency needs to see and listen to the band to check whether they are good enough. If the students are not able to find a band in time, they move to the CD option.

Of course the bands that have already been hired before don´t need to be evaluated again. They are hired right away. After having taken care of the location and the music, they also take care of the food and the beverages. In case they hired a band, they order additional food and beverages for the musicians. To make sure everything is fine, the students take a look at the party once it has started. After that they send the bill to the client.

bpmn

nuno pina

eventos de

eventos de

flow objects

bpmn notation

luggage loss

dividir sem

complaint

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