body systems revision year 10 sport science. respiratory system allows air to travel to our lungs...

BODY SYS

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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Allows air to travel to our lungs from body

FUNCTION

• Supplies oxygen to all parts of the body

Consists of:

• Pharynx

• Larynx

• Trachea

• Lungs

• Bronchus

• Bronchiole

• Alveoli

• Diaphragm

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Inspiration and Expiration

Inspiration

• Contraction of intercostal muscles

• Diaphragm contracts downwards

• Increase size of thoracic cavity and lung space

• Air pressure in lungs decreased

Expiration

• Intercostals and diaphragm relax

• Space inside lungs decreases

• Air pressure in lungs increased

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Tidal Volume - amount of air inhaled and exhaled per breath (600mL male)

• Minute ventilation – volume of air moved into and out of respiratory tract each minute

Minute ventilation (VE) = respiratory rate × tidal volume

At rest, minute ventilation = 12 × 0.5 L = 6.0 L/min

SKELETAL SYSTEM

• Bone structure of body

FUNCTION

• Movement of body

• Support

Two sections:

• Axial skeleton- bones of skull, spine, thorax

• Appendicular skeleton- bones of upper and lower extremities

SKELETAL SYSTEM

TYPES OF BONES

• Long bones (eg. Femur)

• Short bones (eg. Tarsals)

• Flat bones (eg. Sternum)

• Irregular bones (eg. Vertebrae)

• Sesamoid bones (eg. Patella)

• Sutural bones (eg. Skull)

SKELETAL SYSTEM

TYPES OF JOINTS

• Gliding Joint

• Ball and Socket Joint

• Pivot Joint

• Hinge Joint

• Saddle Joint

• Condyloid Joint

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

FUNCTION

• Allow movement to occur

TYPES OF MUSCLES

• Smooth- involuntary (eg. Stomach)

• Skeletal- voluntary (eg. Quadricep)

• Cardiac- involuntary (eg. Heart)

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Types of movement

• Flexion- shortening of muscle

• Extension- lengthening of muscle

• Abduction- movement away from body

• Adduction- movement towards body

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

• Supination- outward action of hand

• Pronation- inward action of hand

• Eversion- outward action of foot

• Inversion- inward action of foot

• Dorsi flexion- upward action of foot

• Plantar flexion- downward action of foot

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

• Transportation of blood throughout the body

• Removal of waste products

Consists of:

• Heart - (ventricles, atrium, aorta, vena cava, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein)

• Blood - (RBC, WBC, platelets, plasma)

• Blood vessels - (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins)

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

RIGHT ATRIUM → RIGHT VENTRICLE → PULMONARY ARTERY → LUNGS → PULMONARY VEIN → LEFT ATRIUM → LEFT VENTRICLE → LEFT VENTRICLE → AORTA → ARTERIES →

ARTERIOLES → CAPILLARIES → VENULES → VEINS → VENA CAVA