bishkek go eco_ossewaarde
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URBAN FORUM 2014
MARTIN J OSSEWAARDE, AUCA
Bishkek Go ECO!
Presentation Overview
Who I am
What an ECO-City is
Why go there? The Benefits
Example: Transportation, Water
How to Get There
Economist with Minor in Public Administration
Assistant Professor of Sustainable Development at AUCA
Born in the Netherlands, in Bishkek since 1998
Who I am
ECO-City is a Way of Life
A city that maximises long-term well-being for all groups of citizens within ecological limits.
Social
Economic
Environmental
http://www.burohappold.com/thelivingcity/the-living-city-model/
Eco-City Criteria
1. Supports local agriculture & resources
2. Efficient energy use with maximum RET
3. Transport prioritises walking, cycling, and mass transit (bus/rail)
4. Resource efficient: Reduce, Reuse, Recycling
5. Affordable housing for all income groups
6. Restores environmentally damaged areas
7. Promotes voluntary simplicity in lifestyle
Why? Benefits
Integrated vision improves outcomes for all areas of urban services, ex. MEEP
Pro-active policies address root causes, ex. waste
Wise resource management prevents crises, ex. water
Stakeholder involvement raises acceptance of city policies
Win-win solutions allow progress without high social cost (Curitiba)
Which Cities Are Leading?
Melbourne, Australia
Bogota, Colombia
Curitiba, Brazil
Rizhao, China
Freiburg, Germany
Ahmedabad, India
San Francisco, USA
ECO-info centre
Focus on Bishkek
Energy
Transport
Food
Water
Waste
Think Link!
Buildings – Public Spaces - Travel
Schools, offices, shopping malls high travel demand high risk of congestion
Axial Development Model
Zoning: high visitor facilities only near fast, frequent, high-capacity public transport
URBS = Public Transport Agency
3 Types: Axis buses, Direct buses, Feeder routes
Curitiba, Brazil
Sustainable Transportation
Solutions:
Unified bus network with public-private participation
Standard bus fare
Safe cycling & walking
Parking restrictions
Safe streets & intersections
The Problem:
Overuse of cars poor access
Wide streets invite speeding
Hazards & Road Rage
‘Metrobus’ or ‘Optibus’
Guayaquil, Equador
MetroBus in Pictures
http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=498176
Capital Cost: $2 mln/ km
Managing our Water
Solutions:
Reduce leakage
Build awareness of the real water issue
Speed up metering
Differentiate water fee: basic + luxury usage
Drip irrigation for parks
The Problem:
Overuse of non-renewable resource
Due to lack of incentives to save
Crisis and conflict
Greening the City – Deep Change
1. Create a sense of urgency
2. Establish guiding coalition
3. Make the ECO- vision!
4. Communicate it widely in words and actions
5. Enable stakeholders to effect the change
6. Plan short-term wins
7. Reinforce the gains
8. Anchor in org culture
Source: J.Kotter, Leading Change, Harvard 1996
• ECO-city is not a trick, but a way of life
• Eco-cities worldwide have visionary leaders who walk the talk
• Their guiding coalition are willing to take risks and learn as they go
• They involve their citizens in planning and implementing the city’s sustainable future
• Wealth helps, but political will and planning are more important
• Technical expertise and financial support may be drawn from a range of international organisations and specialised NGOs
Summary & Conclusion
Resources:
• Asian Green City Index, Economist Intelligence Unit with support from Siemens, Munich 2011, www.siemens.com/greencityindex
• Going Green. How Cities Are Leading the Next Economy, LSE/ ICLEI/GGGI, Bonn/Copenhagen/London 2012
• Guidelines for Developing Eco-efficient and Socially Inclusive Infrastructure, United Nations 2011
Videos on Curitiba: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RiwiyuZH3qY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7nyu-SgAkAo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i2nOHTc4qDM
Assistance:
International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI)
Thank You for Your Attention!
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