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Biology 12 Name ________________________
Human Biology - Urinary System
Knowledge• structures of the urinary system and their inter-relationships• components of the nephron• urine production• kidneys and blood pH• homeostasis of water and sodium levels in the blood
C13 Analyse the functional inter-relationships of the structures of the urinary system
C13-1 identify and explain the functions of each of the following:– kidney– ureter– urethra– urinary bladder– renal cortex– renal medulla– renal pelvis– nephron
C13-2 identify and explain the functions of the following components of the nephron:– glomerulus– Bowman’s capsule– afferent and efferent arterioles– peritubular capillary network– proximal and distal convoluted tubules– collecting duct– loop of Henle
C13-3 describe the production of urine with reference to the following terms:– pressure filtration– selective reabsorption– reabsorption of water following an osmotic gradient– tubular excretion– metabolic waste (e.g., nitrogenous waste, urea, ammonia)
C13-4 describe how the kidneys maintain blood pHC13-5 compare urea and glucose content of blood in the renal artery with that of the renal
veinC13-6 identify the source glands for antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone C13-7 describe how the hypothalamus, posterior pituitary, ADH, and the nephron achieve
homeostasis of water levels in the bloodC13-8 describe how the adrenal cortex, aldosterone, and the nephron achieve homeostasis
of water and sodium levels in the blood
Biology 12: Urinary system Page 1
Vocabularyantidiuretic hormone (ADH), adrenal cortex, afferent and efferent arterioles, aldosterone, ammonia, Bowman’s capsule, collecting duct, glomerulus, glucose, homeostasis, hypothalamus, kidney, loop of Henle, metabolic waste, nephron, nitrogenous waste, osmotic gradient, peritubular capillary network, pH, posterior pituitary, pressure filtration, proximal and distal convoluted tubules, reabsorption of water, renal artery, renal cortex, renal medulla, renal pelvis, renal vein, selective reabsorption, tubular excretion, urea, ureter, urethra, urinary bladder, urine
Biology 12: Urinary system Page 2
Use the diagram to comment on the interrelationship of the excretory system with other body systems.
Biology 12: Urinary system Page 3
Human Excretion: Introduction Activity: Structure of the Human Excretory System (25.6) Concepts and connections website
1. On the following diagram of the urinary system, label: inferior vena cava, urinary bladder, ureter, dorsal aorta, kidney, urethra, renal artery, renal vein. P.510
2. List the organs of the urinary system in sequence according to the path taken by urine.
________________________________ → ________________________________ →
________________________________ → ________________________________
3. Identify the function(s) of each part of the urinary system: (O1)
a. Bladder: _____________________________________________________
b. Ureter: _____________________________________________________
c. Kidney ____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
d. Urethra: _____________________________________________________
e. Renal artery _____________________________________________________
f. Renal vein _____________________________________________________
Biology 12: Urinary system Page 4
4. How is the male urethra different from the female urethra in humans? What is the reason
for this difference?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
5. What is excretion?
______________________________________________________________________________
6. Nitrogenous wastes:
When amino acids are broken down ________________________ is produced. In the
liver, this is converted into _____________ by reacting it with ____________________.
This product then enters the blood and is excreted by the ____________________.
What is creatine phosphate used for in our muscles?
____________________________________________________________
When our cells break down creatine phosphate, they produce the nitrogenous waste
called __________________________. This substance is excreted by our
________________________.
When nucleotides are broken down, our cells produce the nitrogenous waste called __________________________, which is excreted by our ________________________.
Biology 12: Urinary system Page 5
9. How is solute concentration in our blood (osmolarity) related to blood volume and blood pressure?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________What happens to blood volume and pressure if we produce more urine? ________________________________________________________________________
10. What is a healthy pH for our blood? ______________________Why does our blood tend to be slightly acidic, rather than slightly basic? _____________________________________________________________________________________The kidneys can reduce blood acidity by excreting more _______________ ions, or by reabsorbing more _______________ ions back into the blood.
C13-1 identify and explain the functions of each of the following: – kidney – ureter– urethra– urinary bladder– renal cortex– renal medulla– renal pelvis– nephron BLAST Animation: Kidney Anatomy (25.6)
Give the function of each of the following structures:
a) renal cortex ________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
b) renal medulla _______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
c) renal pelvis _________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Label the parts of the kidney on the diagram below.
Biology 12: Urinary system Page 6
C13-2identify and explain the functions of the following components of the nephron: - glomerulus– Bowman’s capsule– afferent and efferent arterioles– peritubular capillary network– proximal and distal convoluted tubules– collecting duct– loop of Henle
BLAST Animation: How the Kidney Works (25.7)Acitivity 25B: Nephron Function
Each kidney contains about 1 million nephrons arranged like this. Identify the parts of the nephron and the associated blood vessels and give functions for each part:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Biology 12: Urinary system Page 7
The nephrons, together with their associated blood supply, create the urine.
Activity: Control of Water Reabsorption (25.8) and read p.512 to 513
C13-3 describe the production of urine with reference to the following terms:– pressure filtration– selective reabsorption– reabsorption of water following an osmotic gradient– tubular excretion– metabolic waste (e.g., nitrogenous waste, urea, ammonia)
Biology 12: Urinary system Page 8
______________________________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________________________
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Biology 12: Urinary system Page 9
Here is a summary of the steps in urine formation:
Biology 12: Urinary system Page 10
What causes water to leave the nephron and enter the blood in the loop of Henle and collecting duct?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Biology 12: Urinary system Page 11
C13-4 describe how the kidneys maintain blood pH
How does the kidney maintain homeostasis with respect to pH?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________________________
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C13-5 compare urea and glucose content of blood in the renal artery with that of the renal vein______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Biology 12: Urinary system Page 12
C13-6 identify the source glands for antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone
ADH is produced by the ________________________________ and released into the blood by
the __________________________________________. P.523
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
C13-7 describe how the hypothalamus, posterior pituitary, ADH, and the nephron achieve homeostasis of water levels in the blood
Here is a diagram showing how ADH regulates blood osmolarity via negative feedback:
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Biology 12: Urinary system Page 13
C13-8 describe how the adrenal cortex, aldosterone, and the nephron achieve homeostasis of water and sodium levels in the blood
Here is a diagram that shows how aldosterone regulates blood volume and pressure using negative feedback:
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The source gland for aldosterone is ________________________________________________.
Biology 12: Urinary system Page 14
Complete the concept map.
Biology 12: Urinary system Page 15
Fill in information to explain urine formation.
Biology 12: Urinary system Page 16
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