biology 1 classification. new species 2 of the estimated 10 million species on earth, we have only...
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BIOLOGY
1
ClassificatioClassificationn
New SpeciesNew Species2
Of the estimated 10 million species on Earth, we Of the estimated 10 million species on Earth, we have only found and named a fraction of the have only found and named a fraction of the species!!!species!!!
Scientists find new organisms all the time.Scientists find new organisms all the time.Need a method to name them.Need a method to name them.
un-named snakeun-named snake un-named frogun-named frog
Scientific NameScientific Name3
Each species receives a universally accepted Each species receives a universally accepted name:name: Two-word name (Two-word name (Genus & speciesGenus & species))
Turdus Turdus migratoriusmigratorius
Based on what you know…4
Papio annubis and Papio cynochephalusbelong to the same _________________ but not
the same __________________
Fill in the blanks with either genus or species.
Common NameCommon Name5
Used by individuals Used by individuals depending on where depending on where they live. If we only they live. If we only used common names used common names we would call this:we would call this:Gato – SpanishGato – SpanishCatCatFelineFelineKittyKitty
What is Classification?What is Classification?6
Classification:Classification:arrangement of organisms into arrangement of organisms into
orderly groups based on their orderly groups based on their similaritiessimilarities
Used by biologist because Used by biologist because organisms are numerous and organisms are numerous and diversediverse
Classification GroupsClassification Groups7
Taxon (taxa-plural):Taxon (taxa-plural): category into which related organisms are placedcategory into which related organisms are placed
What is taxonomy?What is taxonomy?8
Grouping organisms Grouping organisms according to their according to their presumed natural presumed natural relationshipsrelationships
Carolus LinnaeusCarolus Linnaeus1707 – 17781707 – 1778
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Father of Taxonomy
In other words…
General SpecificExample:Country
StateZip codeCitySubdivisionStreetHouse
Hierarchy of TaxaHierarchy of Taxa11
Domain Kingdom (most general & largest
category) Phylum (Division – used for plants) Class Order Family
Genus Species (most specific
category)
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Basis for Taxonomy13
Similar structuresSimilar structuresSimilar embryo developmentSimilar embryo developmentSimilarity in DNASimilarity in DNA
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Homologous Structures Homologous Structures show Similarities in show Similarities in mammals.mammals.
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Example16
Humans and Chimpanzees have ~98% of the same genes and therefore have a common ancestor
Dichotomous Keys
An easy way to sort information.Uses a series of yes or no questions to get to
a single description that applies to only one item.
How all living things are classified.
Following a dichotomous key is similar to playing a game of GUESS WHO?
“is your person a boy?”
Dichotomous Key Practice
http://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/dichotomous_key_smilies.html
Six Kingdoms of Life
BIOLOGY
Changing Ideas About Kingdoms
This diagram shows some of the ways in which organisms have been classified into kingdoms since the 1700s.
More recently…There were 5 Kingdoms
Now there are 6
Monera broke down Monera broke down into two kingdomsinto two kingdoms1: Eubacteria1: Eubacteria2: Archebacteria2: Archebacteria
Organized evolutionarily
Type of cell Prokaryotic or eukaryotic
# of Cells Single-celled or multi-cellular
Characteristics of cells Type of cell wall/membrane Types of organelles they have
How they get energy Autotrophs – make own food Heterotrophs – obtain food from others
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