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Bio-Fuels (Bioethanol and BDF) Production from Various Biomass
Resources in Asian Countries
KinyaKinya SakanishiSakanishiBiomass Technology Research Biomass Technology Research Center(BTRCCenter(BTRC),),
AIST, Hiroshima 737AIST, Hiroshima 737--0197, Japan 0197, Japan
““Green BiomassGreen Biomassfor for Blue EarthBlue Earth””
AIST Chugoku (Biomass Technology Research Center(BTRC), 1/10/ 2005)
AIST Shikoku
AIST Kansai
AIST Chubu
AIST TohokuAIST Hokkaido
AIST Kyushu
AIST Tsukuba
Tokyo Headquarters
AIST Tokyo Waterfront
Research Bases of AISTResearch Bases of AIST
Former AIST15 Research Institutes8 Institutes in Tsukuba7 Institutes in other regions
new AISTMerged into 1 Institute9 Research Basis (BTL Catalyst Team)
(Biomass Refining Tech(Hydrothermal) Team)
Challenges in the 21st century
keyword: Biomass
Trilemma !
1) Energy
2) Environment
3) Food
CCollaborationollaborations s ((AAgriculture & griculture & EEngineeringngineering etc.etc.))in the Asian Countries in the Asian Countries
Biomass Energy Resources by Continent
0102030405060708090
100
AsiaOce
ania
Europe
North A
merica
South
America
Africa
(EJ)
Energy CropsWaste from LivestockWaste from FarmingWaste from Forestry
Biomass Resources in AsiaBiomass Resources in Asia
Proposal of ASEAN Biomass R&D Strategy
ASEAN Countries
Liquid Fuels ,Bulk Chemicals,Materials, etc.
Electricity, Heat, Gas, etc.
Study of Biomass Occurrence and Availability
Evaluation of Introductory Scenario, LCA, Environmental andEconomic Model, Business Feasibility, etc.
Study of Regional System
Conversion to Marketable ProductsUtilization as Local Energy
Study of Social Infrastructure
Study of Small to Medium Size System
Basic Concept of the Project
Study of Large Scale ProcessAISTJIRCAS, NARO
UT
NARO
AIST, NARO, CRIEPI, UT
JIRCAS, NARO, FFPRI
Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Science (JIRCAS)
National Agriculture and Bio-oriented Research Organization (NARO)
National Institute for Rural Engineering (NIRE)
Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI)
National Food Research Institute (NFRI)
University of Tokyo
Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth (RITE)
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Science (JIRCAS)
National Agriculture and Bio-oriented Research Organization (NARO)
National Institute for Rural Engineering (NIRE)
Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI)
National Food Research Institute (NFRI)
University of Tokyo
Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth (RITE)
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
ASEAN Biomass Research Consortium
•Research consortium in Asia
•Collaboration programs with Asian countries
Partnership with Industry and Academia
Research Projects on Biomass at BTRC, AIST
3) Biomass System Analysis
Energy Crops(cassava, sugar cane, oil palm)
Sewage Sludge
Forestry Products
Agricultural Waste(rice husk, baggasse)
Biomass Target Technology Products
DME orhydrocarbon
Bioethanol
BDF &chemicals
Bioplastics
Food Waste
Methane
Fermentation1)Non-acidPretreatment
2)BTL(biomass toLiquids)
MethaneFermentation
Hydrogen
HydrothermalPretreatment
BDF(+ glycerin)
1),2),3): Priority Projects of BTRC, AIST
Reduction of petroleum consumptionReduction of CO2 emission.Reduction of petroleum consumptionReduction of CO2 emission.
Ethanol derived from biomass is one of the most promising options to reduce fossil fuel use and alleviate the global warming.
1) Bio-Ethanol Production from Woody Biomass
Pre-treatmentsPre-treatments
Enzymatic saccharificationEnzymatic saccharificationAcidic hydrolysisAcidic hydrolysis
FermentationFermentation
Distillation/PurificationDistillation/Purification
EthanolEthanol ETBEETBE
Lignocellulosic biomass(woods, bagasse, rice straw etc.)
Lignocellulosic biomass(woods, bagasse, rice straw etc.)
1) Ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass1) Ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass
Mechano-Chemical (MC) Treatment (Pulverization)Mechano-Chemical (MC) Treatment (Pulverization)
Hot-Compressed-Water (HCW) TreatmentHot-Compressed-Water (HCW) Treatment
Technologies of AIST for pretreatments of lignocellulose
・ Separation of lignocellulosiccomponents
・ Partial saccharification ofcelulose and hemicellulose
・ Separation of lignocellulosiccomponents
・ Partial saccharification ofcelulose and hemicellulose
・ Pulverize to fine particles・ Decreasing degree of crystallinity
of cellulose→Increasing reactivity of enzymes
・ Pulverize to fine particles・ Decreasing degree of crystallinity
of cellulose→Increasing reactivity of enzymes
CHOH OH
OH HH OHH OH
CH2OH
Hydrolyzed products→ mainly D-xylosePentose sugars cannot be metabolized by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Technologies to overcome this problem are required.
CHOH OH
OH HH OH
CH2OH
Cellulose・Crystalline・ Difficult to hydrolyzeEfficient and low-cost technologies are required.
Cellulose・Crystalline・ Difficult to hydrolyzeEfficient and low-cost technologies are required.
LigninLignin
Hydrolyzed product→ D-glucoseEasily fermented to ethanol with conventional systems
Hemicellulose・ Amorphous・ Relatively easy to
hydrolyze
Hemicellulose・ Amorphous・ Relatively easy to
hydrolyze
The major challenges for the ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass
The major challenges for the ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass
Materials
SLLignin
SL
CentrifugalSeparation
SeparationHCW-MC treatment
Ethanol production system with AIST technologies
C6 + C5 Sugar
Enzyme
Hemicellulose
EnzymeEnzyme
Glucose
Distillation
Ethanol
Membrane purification
Cellulose saccharification
Cellulose Lignin
Glucose fermentation
Hemicellulosesaccharification
C6 + C5 sugar fermentation
2000-2010Fuel technologies for urban environment
2010-2020Fuel technologies for mini-minimizing fuel consumption
Petroleum
S-free gasoline
S-free diesel
S-free・low-aroma・low-olefins and high octane gasoline
S-free・low-aroma diesel
Natural Gas
Biomass
Coal
Heavy Oils
SyngasCO/H2
FT Synthesis,
GTL / BTL
DME
Methanol
H2 for Fuel CellH2
*PM,NOx reduction *Advanced end-of-pipe technologies
*CO2 reduction *New engine system/new fuel
Future Needs for Alternative Transportation Fuel
S-free,Aroma-free
Energy security
2020-
Designed fuel
etc.
Road map of BTL development
S<0、Aroma=0
ETBE
BDF, EtOH, CH4
MeOH/ DME
Bio-based Conversion
2000 2010 2020 2030
Further contribution for environmental issues
CO / H2
Diesel/ Gasoline
SNG
Biomass
Chemical conversion
(NEDO 2t/d Plant)
2)BTL: Biomass to Liquid(Transportation Fuel)
Agricultural wasteFarmed wood
Waste wood
Synthetic gas production
(H2/CO)
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis
Hydrocracking/isomerization
FT Naphtha
FT Kerosene
FT Diesel
H2/CO composition conditioning
and gas purification
Catalytic technologies as key technologies
collaboration topics 1
collaboration topics 2 collaboration topics 3
Hydrocracking/isomerization
catalysts
MD
C20+ wax
Naphtha (C10-)
Middle-distillate (C10-C20)
C20+ wax
Targets in C20+ wax upgrading: * conversion >80% * selectivity to MD >75% * iso-paraffins in MD >65%
Quality of MD: * Sulfur < 1ppm * Aromatics ~ 0 * Cetane No.>70
R&D of hydrocracking / isomerization catalysts: *Solid catalyst preparation and in depth characterization of catalysts. *Hydrocarbon fuel analyses for elucidating the reaction mechanism. *High-pressure continuous flow reactors (micro, bench) operation. *Thermodynamic analyses for hydrocarbon reaction and for catalysts deactivation (chemical potential diagram etc.)
Research Targets in Upgrading of Primary FT Products
MD
Direct Coupling of Biomassgasificationwith FT Synthesis via Hot Gas Cleaning
=> Design of “Mobile BTL Plant”
““PressurizedPressurized””Gasification of biomass(~900 ℃)
TarH2, CO
H2S, COSNH3, HCl etc.
FT SynthesisDME synthesis
at ~250 ℃
Removal of CatalystPoisons at 300 -400 ℃for Direct Coupling
Ex.: Process model for ETBE & BTL木材 水 水 水
50 90 320
炭酸ガス
3KG蒸気 ETOH500
240化 空気 水
250 冷却水600
850 63095℃温水 五炭糖
水 71 六炭糖840 水
270 640120 130 400 炭酸ガス
430150
灰分 灰分 415 冷却水205 530
190810 670
3KG蒸気 690水
800 660 460 445 冷却水680
180 乳酸830 465
95℃温水 空気 炭素材 メタン 水 乳酸水 水 六炭糖
820 冷却水 水 六炭糖水
炭酸ガス ギ酸メチル 炭酸ガス プロパンジオール水、窒素 メタノール 六炭糖、水 六炭糖
水
2.9
29.3
29.3
29.3
29.3発電
42.2
16.95.1
第2燃焼
水熱処理
五炭糖ETOH発酵
水蒸気改質
11.8
クロマト分離1
六炭糖酵素糖化
貯蔵3
蒸発
16.4
9.6
五炭糖酵素糖化
75.7
107.2107.2 75.7
第2粉砕
16.1 107.2
68.5
107.2
68.5熱交換
2
空気圧縮2
191.8
熱交換4
空気圧縮1
68.5
0.041.6
13.2
炭化
1.64
熱交換3
第1燃焼
貯蔵1 濾過
15.1
1.5
40.6
31.5
熱交換1
固液分離&爆砕
第1粉砕
75.7
クロマト分離2
19.2
2.0
40.6 53.8
貯蔵2
1.1
2.8 8.5
MEOH合成
40.6
40.611.4
1.3
12.6
MFOR合成
貯蔵5
貯蔵7プロパンジオール濃縮
プロパンジオール発酵
39.5
6.7
乳酸発酵水
12.6
六炭糖ETOH発酵
水
貯蔵4
ETOH蒸留
1.0
1.3
1.7
15.9
プロパンジオール貯蔵6
乳酸蒸留
炭酸ガス水、窒素
灰分
INPUT OUTPUTSimulation
Process DB
•Separation•Fermentation•Chemical•Tharmal• …..
Thermo DB
•Calorie•Moisture•Enthalpy•Entropy • …..
Wood DB
•Structures•Molecules•Elements• …..
Cost DB
•Devices•Processes•Products• …..
Analysis
•Mass & energy analysis•Cost analysis
CO2
Objectives;1. To develop biomass system simulation technology,
Ground database(DB) should be constructed. 2. To design economic feasible total system for biomass.The simulator can be used for optimization, economic & environmental analysis.
Carbon balance
Energy balance
Efficient
Impact(LCA)Economics
Cost recovery
33))Biomass System Biomass System Analysis and Analysis and SimulationSimulation
JAPANIP and technology
ASIAresources, technology and cost efficiency
win/win collaboration in R&D
•Manufacturing bases in Asia•Biomass industry•Create new industries and new markets
1. Produce new energies (transportation fuels: BDF, BTL)
2. Reduce CO2 by using biomass
3. Produce biomaterials
4) Biomass-Asia Strategy--- for Sustainable Growth
Fruitful Collaborations Using Biomass
CO2 Reduction
CDMInvestmentTechnology Transfer
Liquid FuelsLiquid FuelsBulk Chemicals
Local Energy SupplyCredit
Forest Restoration
Sustainable Biomass Utilization Sustainable Biomass Utilization Scenario in Asia Scenario in Asia (Draft)(Draft)
1) Palm Oil and Energy Complex ;- Combined production of BDF and other bio-fuels for sustainable availability and environmental protection
2) Sugar and Rice Energy Complex;- Large-scale bio-ethanol production from agricultural wastes for simultaneous supply of food and bio-fuels
3) Wood Refinery Complex;- Total multi-production system of timber, paper pulp, ethanol, and chemicals for new business model
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