big idea #8: properties of matter big #1: nature of science essential content: atoms, elements,...

•Big Idea #8: Properties of Matter•Big #1: Nature of Science•Essential Content: Atoms, Elements, & Theories in Science

Illustration From October 2011 Issue of Scientific American“Atom Power” Article

Key Concepts for this UnitNeutral, atom, model, molecule, element,

proton, neutron, electron, nucleus, energy level, electron cloud, solid, liquid, gas, state, phase, kinetic energy, change of state, melting, freezing, evaporation, vaporization, condensation, sublimation, subatomic particle, atomic theory, atomic number, mass number, atomic mass.

Daily Objectives:Describe the development of the current model of the

atom. Illustrate how and why the model of the atom has

changed over time.Differentiate between the building blocks of matter the

atom and building blocks of life the cell.

Essential Questions:1. How did Democritus describe atoms?2. How did John Dalton further Democritus’ ideas on

atoms?3. What instruments are used to observe individual

atoms?

“Would you find it difficult to believe in something you couldn’t see? Using your unaided eyes, you cannot see the tiny fundamental particles that make up matter. Yet all matter is composed of such particles, which are called atoms. An atom is the smallest particle of an element that retains its identity in a chemical reaction”

(Wilbraham, Staley, & Matta, 2005).

Definition of an AtomAn atom is the smallest particle of an element that

retains its identity in a chemical reaction.

Because chemical reactions produce a substance with a new identity (new physical and chemical properties), when atoms of the same kind combine to form elements, the same thing occurs—a new product is formed.

Class Notes:Who was Democritus? How

is he involved with the atom?He was a Greek philosopher

who started the discovery of the atom by claiming that they were the indivisible building block of matter.

Who is John Dalton?John Dalton continued

Democritus’ research by developing the Atomic Theory.

This theory is based off the 4 “rules” that all atoms follow.

Class Notes: Dalton’s Atomic Theory1. All elements are made up of atoms that are indivisible.2. Atoms of the same element are identical.3. Atoms of different elements combine in ratios to form

compounds.4. Atoms of one element can never turn into another

element’s atom.

Instrument Used to See the Atoms

This is called a Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Electron micrographs showing inactive (left) and active (right) catalysts consisting of gold particles absorbed on iron oxide. The red circles indicate the presence of individual gold atoms. The yellow circles show the location of subnanometer gold clusters that can effectively catalyze the conversion of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. One nanometer is about half the size of a DNA molecule. (Color added for clarity) (Credit: Lehigh University Center for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology)

CW: History of the Atom Review Part 1: Answer questions 1 &2 from the notes1.Who is Democritus and how is he involved with the

history of the atom?2.Explain John Dalton’s contribution to the science of the

atom.Part 2: Read pgs 90-91 in your Reading Essentials Wkbk.Answer Reading Check questions #3, 4, 5, & 6