bİat kÜltÜrÜ neden baĞimsiz davranmayi ÖnlÜyor?
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8/14/2019 BİAT KÜLTÜRÜ NEDEN BAĞIMSIZ DAVRANMAYI ÖNLÜYOR?
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MBY2 DÐ@YÐ]Ð KHIHK MBFASFW IB^]BKABVF ÞK@ÐVE]5
_}en+ I}+ B`f Ihaf}sev, Jbchyyhph Ðkf~h}sfyhsf
³Vhyh}fkch f`h}fvf lþ}hahvhk fksbk`b}k, þk`h}fkih jhp ih}y`h}f ~b}i}+ DEKNÐÌVÐS¹
Yð}dfvh 2? Dbsa 263:, þwh``fd`h 269> v`kibk mx vbkb
khihk dhkif mbkb db}b} ~h}hafve}5
Yð}d jb`d, 26:= v`kb dbib}, BMI¾kfk, @EWBK bky`babsk 2:
Ecbd 26=< ihk mh}f fawb`babik mf`afve}ix4 26:= v`kib Yheabk
H}h` ifvh mf} lbwhyhcf ix}xax vbwkcb f`d ihnb mf`lf sbjfmf e`ixd+ Ìðkdð
Bah}fdb, iexib mf} H}ahkfsybk ~h Dð}ifsybk dx}x`absk fsyfve}ix+
Vþkhyfafk mx ix}xax jb`dkibk khihk sbd`bi ib mxlðkh dbib} khy mf}
hdf`ih bìd`bkbabi+ Mxlðk lðk lhìafve} df vbmbkc mbskib Bah}fdbk
dx}xa`b}kibk mf}fkh bfy, Yð}dfvh¾vf mþ`ðkað e`b}bd lþsyh}hk mf} jb}fyb
vbvk`bkaba e`sxk+
³Mf} bbck vbp}bd`b}kib hh} sb}b}bab ~b}sb, mx sb}b}abv yh~fd hihk vb ib
ybs~fp hihk mf} dþd sfsyhaf ~b} ihahdyf}+ DEKNÐÌVÐS¹
Yð}dfvh 26=?¾`h}ih jb}pyhk ìda, edxax dhsfafkf mðvðd þ`ìðih
vfyf}afyf4 jb`d cbjf` ~h hfyfasfwif+ Dþv ìecxd`b}k hfyahd, bvik`byabd
~h ek`b} ahs`hd sbjfmf vbpabd babcv`b Yð}dfvh¾kfk dbih}fkf
ihfyf}hchd mf} hfyfa p}eghsfkh lf}if+ 263:¾ih mb`bvb}bd 269?¾`b}k
e}yb`b}kib hk lh`faf hd`fkf b`bk ~h mxlðk iðkvbkk hk hydfk ~h bd`c
hfyfa p}eghsf e`b}bd dbmx` hif`hk Dþv Hksyfyð`h}f _}eghsf, hk de`bv ~h hk
2Mfby7 Iððkahihk, vb}l`babibk, ve}xa`babibk mf}fkh dþ}ð dþ}ðkh mb` e`ab
8/14/2019 BİAT KÜLTÜRÜ NEDEN BAĞIMSIZ DAVRANMAYI ÖNLÜYOR?
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xcxw hdf`ih dþv`ðvð f sbjfmf vbpbcbd vhyhkhh db~xyx}ixxkx lþ}hk
BMI ~h mbw mby` iesy`b}aw *"& Chafvhyf Bd~ba¾b *Mf}`haf Af``hy`h}h&
lf}hmf`ahafw fìfk mx Dþv Hksyfyð`h}fkf `b~hyahafwf yb`hp hyyf ~h
fmf}`fdìf`h}f yb}bnkibk ib mx if`hd wbabk`b vh}fkh lhyf}f`if+ mf}`fdìf`h}fkh
byy}id`b} ³mx edx``b}ib Dx}bk v}y`p yx~b`hy`h}h by`ve}, lbv}fah}x
ìecxd`b} ne}shpsyfd ìxdx}`b}kb lþað`ðve}¹ lfmf bj`bdybk, kfwbaibk ~h
fkbkìybk vedsxk ìhfy`f s`elbk`b}`b dbpby`abs fìfk whafk ih mf} yb}bnybk
jbw}`bkay+ Mxlðk mbkbw e`abvbk e lðkðk db}y`b} ibjf mxkxk mf}
fjbkhy e`ixxkx dbmx` hyahdyhif}+ Yð}dfvh, mþv`hch, edxax cbjf``h}fk,
mhch}fdsfw`h}fk, lhìfafkf ih~`hy dbpskib b}bvbk, dhkif bvbd`b} ðwh}fkih
ix}babvbk vhyhkhdsfw`h}fk h`fkh m}bd`i¤
Hfyfa¾ihdf mh`f}sfw`fd mf} sð}h ih~ba hyyf, Kx}f Deibabk¾k
þkcð`ððkih, vfkh dþv ìecxd`b}kk þkðkð bìbcbd, ahs`hfkfk b
hfyfacf mf} dxbd vhyfyf}ahd fìfk lh}ìhd af``fvhyìf`h} yhd}b} de``b} s~bi
~h `fsh iðwhvfkihdf þ}hyahk edx``b}kib edxvbk edx``b}kib ìed mbb}`
f`d 3 þ}hkcfvf b`b}bd ah}dhwf Bkdb}b ~h sybkmx`¾ib e`bk Vðdshd
Þ}hyahk Edx``b}kib ìbk yða e`bkbd`b}k dx``bkb}bd hfyfacf e`b}bd
hfyahvh mb`bid+ Mx ìecxd`b}k yða lfih}`h}f ih~`hy yb}bnkibk
db}`bkve}4 f`d shkh, ke}ab` `fshihdf hdsfd ih}s`h}, e lðkðk hk ihh}`f
þ}hyahk`h}f vb ib þ}hyfa ðvh`h}f yb}bnkibk hfyf`fve} ~h hfyfafk yhah`
ih}s`h}f e`b}bd ybka`bka,+ Yb}fj, ce}bnvb, hihmfvby, nfwfd, dfavb,
abyhabyfd, mfve`egf ~h dfavb lfmf bkb dekx`b}ib nbdð`yhvf mfyf}h}hd e
ahs`hdyh vhyh}fkch mf`lf b`absk4 bv}cb iþ}y v` mevxkcb b`i
ne}absvek vb ib phiblegf ih}s`h}f f`h mf} þ}hyahkih mhd`hkhk þ}hyfcf`fd
vhyhkhf lðì`hkif}f`fve}ix+ Mx edx``b}k ìed þkha`f f`h~`h}fkihk mf}dbì
þv`h s}b`bkbmf`f}if+
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2+ Bkbie`x dþv ìecxd`b}kk þkð bì`ay4 þkha`f vh}`h}h
lh`hmf`hchd bks vbdb`bvbmf`fve}`b}i+
=+ Hfyfafk þkha`f vh}`h}fkih ìbk hk fvf hfyf`af jecb`b} jha
b`bk mf`lfsf jha ih hfyfacf ne}absvek`b} f`h vh} b`ve}`b}i
3+ Mx hfyfcf`h}h ð`dh sh~lfsf, Yð}d ð`dðsð ~h hk þkha`fsf lh`hchd
dxbd`b}k fvf vhyfahsf fìfk hfyfa bd vh}`hyf}f`af mf} dbi}e
dx}x`xve}ix+
9+ sybkmx` ~h Bkdb}b lfmf hk lh`faf hj}fafwfk hk lðwfih
shay`h}fkih afsbnf} hif`h}hd, mx dþv ìecxd`b}kk xvlb}`k x`by hkþkha`f b}bì`b}v`b ybkabs sb`bka e`xve}ix+
Ix}xaxk ~bjbahyfkf shwfk`hvhk BMI¾`f iesy`b}aw 268< v`kib mx
edx``b} dbpbyabwsbkw vb}ia dhsh}fa yhjififkih mx`xkabvb mb`bi+
Wbyhk Dþv Hksyfyð`h}fkihk ih sekxì b`babikw lfmf mf} ih ²ib`lb lhìh}
lfmf! sxì`babib mx`xkix+ Kh jfdahysh Yð}dfvh mx shnh} mf}bw ibvbki, mx
edx``b} ih~ba hyyf}if, mx edx``b}ibk Yð}dfvh¾kfk lh`hchfkf hydf`hvhk
vðw`h}ch dff ahwxk e`ix ~h mðvðd jfwahy`h} vbpy+
Bkcbd lðwh``fd`h}fk fìfkh lð~h sedabdyb abjf} e`bk iesy`b}aw ~h
ek`b}k fìyhdf mh`f}`f dhsfah ahksxp xwbky`b}, mðvðd mf} e`bs`d`b sb
hf`fa`f mf} dhsfaf dx``bkb}bd, mx}bibk se`cx, deaðkfsy`h} ìdve} bvfbsk
vbvabvb mb`bi`b}+ Sekxìyb mx lðwh` dx}xa, sfvbsf ìhdfah`h}fk
eibkb fyf`if ~h 26<9 v`kib dbpby`i+ Mþv`hch dþv ìecxd`b}kk,
Bybyð}dìð lhkì`h}fk, bvik`d vðw`ð fksbk`b}k, mf`fah vbydk dbi}e`b}k,Yð}d ð`dðsðkð dhkifkh jhihn shìaf hfyfcf`h}fk þkð mf} ibjb dhsf`if+
Ìðkdð mx}bibk ìdbk hfyfcf`h}, yxyxcx dhsfa ~h mby` iesy`b}aw fìfk
mðvðd mf} yhj`fdh e`xyx}xve}ix+ Mf}fkcf`h}f fìfk yhj`fdh e`xyx}xve}ix4
ìðkdð bvik`babv sb`ve}ix, fdfkcf`h}f fìfk yhj`fdh e`xyx}xve}ix4 ìðkdð
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lh}ìhd af``fvhyìf ~h mf`fash` mf} dbi}ekxk vhyfahsfkf sb`bvb}bd mby
dbpfyb`fwafv`h vb}abvb lf}hmf`hchd mf} ð`dhkfk yhah``h}fkf byve}ix+ Jh}
wbabk yxwbb iðahdyh kbfn e`bk dhkifkh se` dhsfa bik ~h}af dhsfa,
mx p}e~bdesvekb vfkh iðh}hd, mx ecbk vd`abskb ek`b} ib dbydib
mx`xkix`b}+
Yð}d`h} mx lfif`h vfkh mf} ìd ve`x mx`bcbb mhkwfve}ix+ Khvsh df
mby` iesy`b}awk faibikb *hh} ek`b} e}lbkfwh hyahaf fsh& 26:?
fjyf`b`f, cxkybs vhyfyf+ Þkch`fd`h yhj`fdhvf lþ} ðp jb`db ixvx}bcbd
bvik`b}k hydfsfw jb`h lhìf}f`ahsf lh}hdfve}ix+ Mxkxk fìfk 29?= ke`x
vbsb f`h, jfìmf} fyf}bw jbdd e`abibk, jfìmf} lh}hdìh lþsyh}f`ahihk, mf}ìeddffkfk Vðdshd Þ}hyfa dx}xa`b}kibk by`abs sb`bki+ Mþv`hch
dekxbk dhsfa xwbd`by}`i4 lh}f db`bk`b}b ib lþwib ~h}f`h}hd
sf`fd`hyf}f`ahsf sb`bki+ Lh}fvh, fmf}`fdìf, dhkif ìdb}`b}k ð`dh
ìdb}`b}kibk þkih lþ}hk, sf`fd, de}dbd, nfd}fkf sþv`hahdyhk bcfw, ìexk`xd
ìb i mf} l}xmb ahksxp mf} þ}hyfa ðvhsf dbi}esx vb}by`i+
Vfkh ih lhkhyfd vbps lh}hf, mbk ifd yxybmf`hchd, bvik mf}
dhsfafk e}ybvb ìdabs dbìk`abwi+ Mxk`b} kbs` ifwlfk`hvhmf`hchdyfd+
Mxkx ib vfkh VÞD¾h ih~}hyahdyh vb}b} ~b}i+ `d e`b}bd, ybabahk
vbmbkc if`ihk hfyfa vbpbk, dhkif dð`yð} ðaðw`h ihf` vbmbkc mf} dð`yð}
e}ybakib hfyf`hk4 sbihch pb}bsk Yð}d`h}fk db}`bi mbw dx}x`x`b}k
mx ff deyb}abs lh}hdfve}ix+ Ìb}h dsbcb mx`xkix7 Vbmbkc if``h hfyfa
vbpbk ~bdn ðkf~h}sfyh`h}f+ Ih~`hy hk lðwh` vh}`h}f ek`b}b ybjsfs hyyf,
mf}ìexkb, þ}hyyff þ}hkcf mbkb, ih~`hy ðkf~h}sfyh`h}fkih edxvbkþ}hkcf mbkb þihiffkfk dby`b}kcb vb}iaib mx`xkixx, hk mbb}`
mf}dbì mfk þ}hkcfvh mx}s ~h}f`hk, ahwxk e`ixxkib ib vbmbkc ð`dhihdf
ff lb}bkyf hif`hk Yð}dfvh¾kfk mhvkfkf sþað}hk, sek wbabk`b}ib mhvfk
lþìð e`b}bd mf`fkhk sfsyha ib mbb}` mf} hdf`ih sfsyhafafwh aekyh
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hif`if+ Mby fksbk vhyfyf}ahd fìfk bìdìb ìed pb}b jb}cbabdybk dbìkve}4
mxkx hkf fvf sy}byhgfd iesy`b}kb vbpy}bmf`f}if4 þv`h ih vbpve}+ If`f Yð}dìh
e`bk mf} af``hyfk h~`by`b}, jecbs Yð}d e`bk, jfwahy hyahsf lh}hdhk dfy`h
Yð}d e`bk mf} ð`dhih, if`f vbmbkc e`bk dð`yð} ð vbmbkc e`bk mf} hfyfa
b`ve}ix+ Ieb` e`b}bd mx hfyfa`f b`bk`b} hfyf`iff dð`yð} ðk vbvlk e`ixx
vh}`h}ih dhkif`h}fkf }bjby jfsshihchd`h}f fìfk, ahwxk e`x} e`abw, vbmbkc
ð`dhvh lfyahkfk ve`xkx b}ve}`b}i+ Mx khihk`h, þ}khfk Mf`dhky, Sbmbkc,
Deì, Mebwfìf *hsdf af}bsv`b ]emh}y De`hg& ðkf~h}sfyh`h}fkihk ahwxk
e`bk mf} dffvh Dbvsh}f f`fkihk, jbyyb Bkdb}b¾ibk *Bkdb}b¾ib mx`xkab`b}
lh}hd`f e`bmf`fve}4 ìðkdð mf}f`h}fkh wbabk wbabk dþp} ðmb e`ab`b}, ibjb
sek}b ahksxp e`ixd`b} dð`yð} ðk ih~`hy`h}fk ìdb}`b}k de``bvbmf`ah`h}f
fìfk lh}hdfve}& ibjb iexib }bsy`bvbabwskw+ Mxk`b} mfwf *Mfy`fs`f`h}f,
B}``b}, Sff}y`f`h}f, Ax`x`b} ~i+kf& mbyib lx}x}`b yhasf` hifve}`b}a"""
Mþv`hch klf`fwch ypybk kh}hihvsh klf`fwch Yð}dìh mþ`ða`h}fkh dbib}
yða m}bk`b} bì`i+
Lh}f db`bk`b} ib Bah}fdbk jbv}bk vb ib ybd`fyìfsf e`b}bd
vhyfyf}f`ahsf lh}hdfve}ix+ Dþv Hksyfyð`h}f ~h Vðdshd Þ}hyfa edx``b} lfmf
af``f aeih``h} ved hif`afyf+ Vh}fkh kh dekbcbdy5 Mxkxk fìfk ìex
Bah}fdb¾ib hfyf`af, !dhkifkf af``fvhyìf jfsshysh mf`h! Bah}fdbk aeih`f mf}
hfyfa dx}xax e`bk ~h lfw`f lfw`f Bah}fdbk jbv}bk` f`h hfyf`hchd, babc
mf} Bah}fdb` lfmf e`abd e`bk lhkì`h}fk vhyfyf}f`hchf mf} dx}xa e`ab`vi+
Ìed lhìahihk dx}x`ix+ Mf} wbabk`b}k Yð}d ð`dðsð f`h ve}x`ax Bkdb}b
Lbwf Hfyfa Hksyfyðsð ~h sybkmx` Ìbpb Hksyfyðsð lfmf af``f ixvlx`b} þk
p`bkb b`a hksyfyð`h}fk vh}fkh Hfyfa Nbdð`yh`h}f dx}x`ix+ Yð}dfvh
hfyfafkfk d}`abs ib mx nbdð`yh`h} f`h mb`bi+ Dfash se}axve}5
Bah}fdb¾ib 8? af`vek fksbk sð}hd`f hs}b} fìfve}, mxkxk ðwh}fkh <? af`vek
fksbk hk bw mf} ihnb xvxyx}xcx dx``bka, 3 h~`fihk fdfsf hfkf b`ibyve},
3 h~`f`fdyhk fdf mebkab f`h sek`bkve}4 =8 af`vek fksbk mhk ìb`ave}xa
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ifvh ihd`h}h hyaf4 =+8 af`vek fksbk dþp} ð b`ykib vbyve}4 2: vbk
lhìaf lhkì`h}fk (>?¾ bf`hsfkf shkhih mf} ihnb yh`hnek`b mf`h b}bave}4
jb`dkk sb`d lfih}`h}fkfk vðwih h``fsfkihk nbw`bs psfde`egfd
}bjbysw`d`b}k lfih}f`ahsfkh lfifve}+ Mx aeih`f dfa lhyf}if, kfìfk lhyf}if5
Lh}fvh db`bk e`bkbd`b} e`abvbk`b}, ìexk`xd yb}fdbyì`b}k,
mþ`ðcð`h}fk, ìb i l}xp`b}k h`fkh iðh}hd mf}ìex Cxajx}fvhy
iðabk e`ix`b}+ Ahwxk hyyffafw þ}hkcf`h}fk mðvðd mf} dsakk
cxajx}fvhy iðabk e`ixxkx lþ}ahd mbdb yð}`ð bìd`bkbabw+
Bybyð}d¾ðk mx ð`dhvf ihaf} b`b}`b þ}iðd s`elbkv`b mb`byy
ihaf}ve`x p}egh`h}f ih 269>¾ibk sek}b }bnb db`i}`i ~h e lðkihk mx
vbkb, mby` iesy`b}awk mf`fkì`f vb ib mf`fkìsfw sby`a fmf}`fdìf`h}f kh
byy}`bk ³ihaf}ve``b} deaðkfsy sfsyhafk ybab b}bci}¹ s`elbkv`b fjab`
hif`if+ Jí`mxdf mby ybabc`k (68 ihaf}ve``b} f`h vbpb}dhk,
Yð}dfvh¾ih mx e}bk (28¾`h}f lhìhahif+ 269> v``b}kib Bah}fdb
Yhasf`cf`h} Ahc`fsfkih lþ} ðð`hk Jhss ]bpe}xkib, lh`fahdyh e`bk
ð`dh`h}f ³Bah}fdbk sbkbvfsf f`h }hdbmhyh lf}ahsfk ifvh¹ e`bmf`iffkch
ihaf}ve``b} vbpakibk xwbd yxyxk ihkfve}ix+ Db}bve`x vbpakb ihsyhd
~h}if4 b}bì jfmh hyyf4 bkcbd vhihd pb}ìb`b}k nbjf nfvby`b}`b sbyb}bd mx
jfmhkfk db}`k dby mh dby lh}f b`i+
Yð}dfvh kh wbabk deax`b} f`h yfcb}f f`fdfvh lf}ahvh db`d}sb,
sþwða ekb sy}byhgfd e}ybaw Bah}fdb Mf}`hfd Ih~`hy`h}f *BMI& ih~}hvh
lf}h}hd, mx fmf}`ffkfk jð} iðkvb fìfk yhj`fdh`f sekxì`b} ie}x`bmf`hchfkf
~h bs`b mx f`fdf̀ h}f ybs~fp hyahiffkf mhvbk hih}+ Xwbd yb}fj`h}ih ihf`
sek =?!3? v`b mf} mbdb`a" }bk, phy}e` b}babs ~h mx`abs jb`fkih
f`hyhmf`ahsf fìfk, Yð}dfvh¾vh mf} phy}e` b`bk ybjsfs hyahvf lðkihah
lhyf}fkch, BMI¾`f iesy`b}aw jhahk ih~}hvh lf}h}hd, mx fmf}`ffkfk KBYE
~h þwlð} mby fìfk yhj`fdh`h} iex}bmf`hchfkf, mþv`h mf} fmf}`ffkf
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ekbv`babik ð`yfabyea mfìfafkih iðkvbvb ixvx}ix+ Sh}y mf} db}bsb`
fd`fah sbjfp Yð}dfvh¾kfk iex dhsfafkf sybmf`ahd fìfk *ìðkdð
vbdbcbaw e}abk ib b}yd db`abi& }bk f`h ieb` lbw me}x jbyy
vbpak lh}ìhd`hyf}ahd ~h lh`fyf}ahd babcv`b }bk¾`b fmf}`ffkh
lf}fkch, vfkh iesyxaxw sh}y yhpdfsfkf lþsyh}if+ E}yb Bsvb ð`dh`h}fkh
xwbkbcbd phy}e` ~h ieb` lbw me}x jbyb`b}kb ðsyð dbpb` e`b}bd ~fwh
~h}ahif+ Bwh}mbvcbk Vxax}yb`d me}x jbyykib, Yð}dfvh¾kfk pbvkk
(3¾ðk ðwh}fkh ìdabskb fwfk ~h}ahif+ Dfah ~h}if5 Mfk`h}ch df`eahy}h
xwbdyb vh} b`bk, lh}ìhd sy}byhgfd iesy`b}kb+
Iðkvbib hk ìed }hwh}~ mfwih ~b}4 sy}byhgfd abihkfafw ifvh jh} lðklbwhyh`h}ih ~h yh`h~fwvek`b}ib þ~ðkð`hk me} abihkfafwfk fj}bcbykb,
?>+22+=??: yb}fjfkih B~}xpb Mf}`ff fj}bcby dsy`babs lhyf}if+ Kh faf5
Yedsfd abiih e`b}bd ð}hahvf e`xasxw hydf`fve}ax+ Sbkdf Yð}dfvh mx
abihkf lib abiihsf e`b}bd fj}bì hifve}ax lfmf+ Iðkvbib fj}bcby
sk}`bkbk vb ib vbsbd`bkbk yhd h`hahky vb ib abihk mþv`hch mfwfa
me}xaxw e`ix+ _f``h}ih mf`h vbvlk e`b}bd dx``bk`bk `fyvxa, dbiafvxa4
dhwb jh} vh}ih dx``bk`bk dx}xk, c~b ~h mf}ìed mhkwh} h`hahkyh vb ib
abihkh khihk dsy`bab lhyf}f`afve}5 vf ih ek`b} Yð}dfvh¾ihk
ìdb}`ave} df4 ìdb}`sb ib iðkvb pfvbsbsk vþk`hkif}hchd whklfk`fdyh
ihf` ih ekibk+ Lb`fmb M}hwf`vb ifwfsf ³Dþ`h we}b¹v fw`hvh fw`hvh fvfch
mhkfashifd¤
Se~vhy Sesvb`fsy Cxajx}fvhy`h}f f`h e`bk f`fdf`h}fafwh 26=3¾ihk mx
vbkb jhp sexd mbdy+ Jí`mxdf lhkì Yð}dfvh Cxajx}fvhyf¾kfk dx}x`xjb}ckb hk mðvðd pbv mx ð`dhihk lh`afyf+ ]xsvb¾kk whklfk ieb`
lbwkk mf} me}x jbyyv`b *Ab~f Jby& Yð}dfvh¾vh bdy`abs, bkcbd
]xsvb¾kk ibvbyabs f`h lh}ìhd`hhmf`if+ Bkcbd, BMI, ìed ibjb sy}byhgfd
mf} abiih e`bk phy}e` jbyykk Yð}dfvh ðwh}fkihk Vxax}yb`b
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mb`bkabsk sbmeyh hyyf ~h sekxìyb ]xsvb mx me}x jbyyk, Mx`lb}fsybk
~h Vxkbkfsybk ðwh}fkihk Hlh¾vh vbkf Bdihkfw¾h mb`bvbcbd bk`bab`b}
vbpb}bd, Yð}dfvh¾vf mf} ìhfy i`bi+ Bkcbd, Yð}dfvh sbkdf phy}e`
dbvkbk lb}bkyfvh b`a lfmf, Sbasxk!Chvjbk jbyyk jb}` jb}`
vbpabvb ih~ba hifve}+ Mbdb`a þkðaðwihdf lðk`h}, Yð}dfvh, mx me}x
jbyykibk, ab`fvhyfkf dx}yb}bcbd afdyb}ib sh~d hihchd phy}e` mx`bmf`hchd
af5
Yð}dfvh, mfk mf} ib`b~h}h f`h mþ`lhvh vh}`hyf}f`hk Axsh~f`h}fk
dx}ixx s}bf` Ih~`hyfkf f`d ybkvbk ð`dh e`ix+ s}bf` Ih~`hyfkfk
dx}x`abskk ib hydfsfv`h, @ðmkbk¾ib 23 Kfsbk 26<8ihk fyfmb}hk 266?v``b}kb dbib} ih~ba hihk Aðs`ðabk! J}fsyfvbk bv}a ~h aðcbih`hsf,
fì sb~bb iþkðyð+ Yð}dfvh BMI¾`h}fkfk vþk`hkif}ahsf f`h yða
Aðs`ðabk`b} db}skb b`abvb lþwh b`b}bd, @ðmkbk¾ibdf fì sb~byb
J}fsyfvbk`b}b lfw`fch 38 xìbd ie`xsx *nf`e deaxybk mf} vb}mbvk mbskibdf
fyf}bnkb lþ}h& sf`bj sh~dfkh b}bc e`ix vb ib ihsyhd sb`bi+ Jð} iðkvbvb
dbyd mbjbkhsfv`h4 þwðkih, Bah}fdbk ìdb}`b}k de}xabd fìfk De}h¾kfk
fdfvh mþ`ðkahsfkh bsdh}f ihsyhd sb`bi+ Esabk` iþkhafkih sxmbv`b}k
lfih}hd mbw iðwhk`hah`h} vbpy jbyyb aðibjb`h`h}ih mx`xkixx
Seab`f¾vh, sy}byhgfd e}ybaw BMI¾`h}fkfk we}xv`b >?? dff`fd mf} mf}`fd ~h
mb`b}kb ib mf} Yð}d deaxybk lþkih}ifd *E}lhkh}b` Ìh~fdmf}&4
ihaed}bsfvf de}xvbcbw mbjbkhsfv`h Bah}fdbk ìdb}`b}k Bn}fdb¾ib
de}xabd fìfk abb lþ}h~f vbpyd+ Jfì mf}fkfw se}ixkxw ax5 Mx mf}`fd lfyyf
~h lh}f lh`if4 kh e`ix ifvh5
Vhyahif" Haph}vb`fsy ð`dh`h}h db} ~h}af e`ixxaxw yb}fjfk f`d
Dx}yx`x Sb~bkib, h``h}fkihdf vðwðd`h}f, dbik`b}kk dðph`h}fkf,
mevxk`b}kibdf b`yk`b} ìdb}b}bd mfwh ihsyhd sb`bvbk Bnlbkfsybk
jb`dkb dbk dxsyx}bk sh~lf`f e}ybaw BMI¾`h}fkh ihsyhd ~h}ahd fìfk
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6
kh}hihvsh 2? v`i} deaxybkaw, bsdh}fafw, jb~b b`bk`b}aw f`h
shnh}mh} e`axxw+
F}bd¾yb sek 28 v`i} BMI¾`h}fkh vbpyaw vb}ia`b} fsh mbmbkk
e`xkb vbpbcbd vb}ia`b} mf`h lþ`lhih m}bd}+ Bkcbd F}bd phy}e``h}fkfk
pbv`bakb lh`fkch, =: Kfsbk =??: yb}fjfkih b`kbk mf} db}b}`b 93 ð`dhvh
F}bd¾yb phy}e` b}bab ~h f`hyah jbdd ybkk}dhk, Yð}dfvh `fsyhvh mf`h
b`kabi+
ksbk`b} ìexk`xd ìdb}`b}kb wb}b} ~h}hk dx}y`b}b sbvl ixvb}4 mx
sbvlibk ie`bv ìecxd`b}kb dx}y bi devb}, sevbi e`b}bd b`} ~h mf}
fksbk ekx}`bki}abd fìfk dx}y snbyk dx``bk}+ Bkcbd dþphd sevbik
b`bk, ìecxxkb mx bi devbk jfì dfash lþ} ð`ahafyf}+ Jbyyb mf}fkh dþphd
ifvh jfybp hyah vbsb` e`b}bd sxì ib sbv`ay}+ _hdí`í, jfìmf} db}`d
mhd`hahihk jfwahyyh dxsx} hyahvhk mx jbv~bk`b} khihk bb`byc mf}
snbyk sfalhsf e`axyx}5
B`abibk ~h}hk`h}h, mf`fkìsfwch fybby hihk`h}h dþphd axbah`hsf
vbp`} ~h yep`xaib je lþ} ð`ahw+ Ìðkdð mf} cbk` þyhdfkfk ìdb}k dhkifìdb}kibk ibjb ðsyðk yxyabw4 mx iebvb bvd}i}4 dhkifkf fsyfsab}
hihkihk e`bmf`iffkch xwbd db`abvb ìb`}+
Bkcbd mf} ihnb mfby *se}lxsxw sxb`sfw sþv`hkhkf dbmx`& hyahvf mf}
b`dbk`d jb`fkh lhyf}afshkfw, sfwfk bkb`fsyfd iððkah vhyfkfw sk}`bka
ihahdyf}4 b}yd lðiða`hkahvh, vþkhyf`ahvh jbw}skw ihahdyf}+ Yb}fjh
mf} mbdb`a" Mfby lh`hkhf e`bk yep`xa`b}ib fksbk`b} jhp mf`fkìsfw e`b}bd
vþk`hkif}f`af, lðiða`hkafyf}+ Dfybp` ifk`h}fk mf}fkcf dx}b` ³sþv`hkhkf
bvkhk iððkahihk dbmx` hihchdsfk *fabk hihchdsfk&, db`mfk`h ybs~fp
hihchdsfk, if`fk`h fd}b} hihchdsfk¹ *yhvfy hihchdsfk&+ Dxdx ixvbkk
fabk wbvny}+ Lhìafyh B~}xpb¾vb mbdve}sxkxw, _bpbkk mf} `bnv`b
B~}xpb Dxiðs¾h ie}x ve`b ifwf`af4 df`fshkfk mf} yb~}v`b bnhy`h}fk
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2?
se}xa`xsx e`b}bd 2??+???`h}ch ìex dbik, cbi, hvybk, dþyð }xj
sxì`babsv`b fdhkch lþ}að ~h vbd`ay}+ Mf} ðkf~h}sfyhkfk }hdyþ} ð7 ³Mx
dbib} biba vbdyd bnhy`h}ih jfìmf} bwb`ab e`abi, vhkfihk iððkh`fa,
mh`df ih khihkf cbi ihiffafw dbik`b} ihf`if}¹ ihiff fìfk e ib
^byfdbk¾k jakb x}bvb}bd vbd`i+ Lhìafh bfy mfk`h}ch þ}khd ~h}ahd
aðadðkið}+ _hdí`í, lðkðaðwih ix}xa khif}5 Mfby dð`yð} ð f`h vhyfaf
2??+???`h}ch fksbkk mf`fkìsfw mf} hdf`ih vþk`hkif}f`iff, yh}þ}fwah fyf`iff
mf} iðkvbib vbve}xw+ ksbk`b}k bdba sbmbj ~ðcxixkb meamb
mb`bvb}bd sxìsxw fksbk`b} þ`ið}ahvh lfiffkf mbdb yð}`ð kbs`
bìd`bvbmf`f}sfkfw5 Mh`df, mx fksbk`b} cbjf`, e khihk`h lðiða`hkhmf`fve}`b}
ifvh iððkhmf`f}sfkfw+ Bkcbd mxkxk edxax`xd`b ìed ib mb`bky`
e`abik ìhfy`f þ}khd`h}`h lþ}hmf`f}sfkfw+ Þ}khfk7
Jh} vh}ih Aðs`ðabk dbk bdybk BMI mbdbk Mxsj, Aðs`ðabk
ð`dh`h}ih xìbd`b}k dbp`b}kib hk lþ}dha`f yþ}hk`h}`h db}`bkve}4
fkbk`abw vðch`yfcf ahsbg`b} ~h}f`fve}+ Mh`df ih Mxsj fsyhsh ¤+`b}k mf`h
fd}ba hihchd dbib} b`ìb`ve}`b}+ Mx Mxsj ibjb sek}b, =??6 v`
mb`b}dhk s}bf`¾fk Lbwwh¾vh sb`i}b}bd hk bw 8?? dffvf *ìe`xd ìecxd`b}&
þ`ið}hk, =??? dffvf vb}b`bvbk s}bf`¾f ihf`, þ`ið} ð`hk Jbabs¾
sxì`bvbcbd, Jbabs¾ dkbabd fìfk iðkvbvb ìb}ib mx`xkbcbd+ Mbykk
ihsyhfv`h bvbdyb db`bk mx sby`a fib}h`h}fk jhahk jhpsf kh v bwd df
s`baf dx}b``b} dhkif`h}fkh }hjmh} vbpa ð`dh`h}if}+ Yð}dfvh¾kfk `a`
s`ba ð`dhsf e`abs fìfk lh}hd`f whafkf jbw}`bvbk ~h mx mbdyb e`bk
pe`fyfdb`b}b bìdybk vb ib lfw`f e`b}bd ihsyhd sb`bvbk, mx ve`ib
bìd`bab`b} vbpbk faba`b} mb}kib mb}ki}bk, de}xvbk Bah}fdb¾kk
evxkx bìdy}7 Ifh} Aðs`ðabk ð`dh`h}h Dhab`fwa¾`h ²ek`b} dff`fd`f
ih~`hy`h}h iþkðyð}ahsf khihkfv`h! dþyð þ}khd e`bk Dhab`fsy mbd`
Yð}dfvh Cxajx}fvhyfkf hydfsfw jb`h lhyf}ahd¤ Mxkx dfafk`h vbpbcbd
sþv`haf ifk e`bk pb}yf`h}`h¤
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22
Lhìafyh mf} hvb`hyfafwfk *Sxxif B}bmfsybk& klf`fw evxk`b} f`h
shìf`af d}b`kk jb`hnf, yfpfd mf} haph}vb`fsy xb, vbdk wbabkib
ð`dhafwf wfvb}hy hyyf+ Lh}ìhdyhk d}b``b} lfmf db}`bki4 }hsaf yhabs`b}k
mf`h, wbjahy hifp Yð}d }hsaf abdba`b}kib vbpabi4 mfwfadf`h}fkf eyh`fkh
ìb}b}bd4 }hsaf lþ} ðahvf eyh`fkfk eibskib, ibjb vðdshd mf}
sbkib`vhvh eyx}b}bd, cxajx}mbdbkaw mf} vbkkb, mbmbdbkaw
ifh} vbkkb b`b}bd, b}dbskb ib Sxxif mbv}bk bsy}b}bd vbpy}i+ Dfa
mf`f} mh`df ih mx fdf ðsy iðwhv vþkhyfcfafw, iððkiððaðwihk ibjb
aðyh~bw fksbk`b}i} ib ekibk""" vf df Bybyð}d þ`ið ih mx lðk`h}f
lþ}ahif4 vedsb þ`ða khihkf db}bcfh} vhyahw`ff ihf`, dbj}ibk e`x}ix+
Mfby dð`yð} ð e`bk`b}k mf} yð}`ð dx}yx`babid`b} mf} jb`hyf }xjfvh *vbkf
}xj ix}xa`b} vb ib ibjb mf`fash` mf} bk`bya`b ib~}bk hdf``h}f& ~b}i}+
Wbvn e`ixd`b} vh}ih dþphd`hhk, lðì`ð e`ixd`b} vh}`h}ih bs`bk`bbk,
mbwhk cbkb~b}`bbk mf} yb~}+ Bdba sbmbj B~}xpb mf}`ffkfk vhydf`f`h}f,
fksbkk ìecxxkb mf`h jfybp hyahdyhk jfcbp ixvbcb yb}wib, ð`dhafwfk
fib}hcf`h}fkf, vþkhyfcf`h}fkf, jxdxdxkx, jxdxdìx`b}k, bsdh}`h}fkf bb`ve}
ib bb`ve}+ Mfw kh vbpve}xw5 Mx biba`b}k db}skib ybd`b byve}xw+
Bkcbd, Sx}fvh, Bwh}mbvcbk, Lð}cfsybk, Dxwhv Dm}s Cxajx}fvhyf
ð`dh`h}fkfk vhydf`f`h}fkh db} mbdbk Mxsj }e`ðkð evkbabvb ìb`ve}xw
*jh}jb`ih ME_ h mbdbk` ib mxkx sfalh`fve}&+ Wbvn hwahd ab}fnhy
ihf`if}4 dx~~hy`fkfk db}skib ifd ix}abd ab}fnhyyf}+ Lh}ìhd Yð}d
lh`hkhf ih mxkx ha}hih}+ Mx ekx}`x ib~}bk vbdk yb}fjfafwih lb`fmb
sbihch Bybyð}d mbb}i+
Hkh}gf d}fwf ~h sx d}fwf iðkvbib b}yabvb mb`bvkcb, mx abkyd
fìh}fsfkih, Yð}dfvh¾kfk vhkf lþ}h~`h}fkh ~h mby iðkvbs bìskibk vhkf
mbb}`b}kb ybkd e`bcbdskw+ Bkcbd mx mbb}`b}aw iðkvbkk abw`xa
af``hy`h}f jhp khn}hy`h bkbcbd`b}i}4 mxkx faifihk mf`af e`xk+
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2=
Yð}dfvh¾ih jxdxd!vb}l sfsyhafkih mf} ybsb} jbw}`bkve}4 vðdshd
vb}l e}lbk`b}, mb}e`b} ~h jxdxd sfsyhafkih sþw sbjfmf e`bk`b}ibk þkch
B~}xpb Deafsvekxkxk ðvh`h}fkfk lþ} ð`h}fkh sxkx`xve}+ Mxkxk ie}x
e`abik mhvbk hihk mx dekxibdf vhydf`f dx}xa`b}, sfvbsf`h} yb}bnkibk
yepb yxyx`xve}+ Vbkf B~}xpb¾ibdf mf} ahax} mfwfa jxdxd iðwhkf
dekxsxkib vþk`hkif}fcf vb ib mh`f}`hvfcf mhvbk`b}ib mx`xkbmf`hchd4 bkcbd
mx vbsb`b} xvlx`bvbcbd dx}xa`b}awk vhydf`f dff`h}f nfdf}`h}fkf
sþv`hvhahvhchd+ Hsdfihk Nf`iff sbjf``h}fkihdf ð`dh`h}h lfyahd ~h e}bibdf
fib}f vbpv þ}hkahd fsyh}ifa4 bkcbd b}yd lfyahah lh}hd db`abi ifvh
iððkðve}xa+ Mx mf} jbybibk a dbvkbd`bkve} ifvh iððkahd fsyfve}
fksbk+ Bkcbd, ibjb þkch ih bkbvbsbib vbp`babs iððkð`hk
ihffd`fd`h}, Yð}d dbaxevxkb ~h mx dekxib vhydf`f sbv`bcbd dx}xa`b}b
sxkx`abibk BMI¾kfk mf} dx}xaxkib lþ} ðh sxkx`abs, ix}xaxk
iððkiððaðwihk ibjb ~bjfa e`ixxkx lþsyh}fve}+
Mfw, lhìafyh, kh vbpb}sbd mbb}` e`x}xw ifvh ìed vðdshd
ðc}hy`h}`h ìed sbvib ³lðvb¹ xwabkb ibkyd vb ib lhyf}yyfd+ Mxk`b}k mf}
dsa, þwh``fd`h 26>? v``b}k sekxkib mðvðd mhd`hkyf`h} f`h lhyf}yf`af e`bk,
I_Y¾kfk lb`fmb mf}fkcf 8 v``d p`bkkb *vbkf fh mb`bab ve` jb}fybskk
ìfwf`iff p`bkb& hdf` ~h}ahsf fsyhkhk, ìed hydf`f ~h vhydf`f Je``bkib` mf}
xwabk *lb`fmb Yfkmh}lhk e`bcbd&7 ³Yð}dfvh¾kfk sbkbvfvh jfì vby}a
vbpababsk ~h yb}ab b}`d ~h}ahsfkf¹ þkh}h}hd lfyyf+ Mf} ðkf~h}sfyh
þ}hkcfsf fdhk, þwðkih, mfwh ìfnyìf!ìembk db`abaw þkh}hk mx xwabkk
þkðkih ih~`hy biba`b}awk kbs` h` phkìh ix}ixd`b}k mxlðk jb`b bc
f`h bkasve}xa+
Mf}f`h}fkfk fwfkh mbsb}bd vð} ðahvh mb`basbkw, lþ} ðkð}ih de`bv
ve`x mx`axsxkxw ihahdyf}4 bkcbd mx ve`ib mf}f`h}f jhp þkðkðwih e`bcbd
~h sfw ekxk fw`hiff ve`ib db`bcbdskw ihahdyf}+ Yð}dfvh¾kfk mx ve`b
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iðyðð yb}fj 269>¾i}+ Wbabk`b mx mba``d ibjb ib ih}fk`haf fsh,
hdekeafafwf FAN, lð~hk`fd sfsyhafafwf BMI4 jxdxdxaxwx, yfcb}hyfafwf,
vþkhyfa mfìfafafwf, yep`xasb` e}lbkfwbsvekxaxwx BM vþkhyahvh
mb`ba fsh mfwh bkcbd mx ve`ib }bjahy`f Íd ^hvsh`¾fk ³kch xwxk mf}
ve`ibva, lfifve}xa lhch lðkiðw¹ yð}dðsðkð sþv`hahdyhk mbdb mf}
lþ}h~ db`aba ihahdyf}+
Mðyðk mxk`b}k, vbkf vþk`hkif}ah`h}fk ~h mba``k mbb}` mf}
hdf`ih sð}ið} ð`ahsf fìfk mfby dð`yð} ðkðk sð}ið} ð`ahsf lh}hdf}+ Mx
khihk`h jh} hvfafwh aðibjb`h hihk mby` iesy`b}aw, jh} khihksh mfby
dð`yð} ðkih vbp`bcbd ihffd`fd`h}f, dffkfk fkbkckb aðibjb`h e`b}bdybka`bvb}bd, yhpdf lþsyh}ahdyhif}`h}+ Jí`mxdf mx fkbkì sfsyhaf
dhkif`h}fkfk fkbkì sfsyhaf f`h yb}fjyh mðvðd ìbyab`b} vbbay+ Jb`b ib
vbbabdybi}+ Bkcbd, mby, mxlðkdð jb`fv`h mfby dð`yð} ðkðk dhkif
ìdb}`b} bìskibk hk þkha`f mf} b}bì e`ixxkx bk`bay}+ Mfw, mbykk
mf} wbabk`b} vbpy, ielab`b}aw bwb`ybcbd, vbkf mfby dð`yð} ðkð
ihfyf}hchd }hne}a`b} vbpabvb db`dsbd mf`h, lþ}hchdsfkfw, xvlb} mby,
ihaed}bsf vbvlb}bs f`h mx lf}ffafafwf þk`hvhchdyf}+
Mf} wbabk`b} Jfkifsybk¾ib mf} vþkhyfcf, p}eyhfk dy`kibk d}`bk
jb`db, s} hyfkf ih vfvhmf`hchd`h}fkf þðy`hahvh mb`bvkcb, Jfkifsybk¾k
klf`fw ^b`fsf ìed sh}y yhpdf lþsyh}h}hd, ³jb`dk fkbkì`b} f`h evkbkabskb
fwfk ~h}aha¹ sþv`haf f`h bibak shsfkf jhahk dhsafyf+ Ibjb sek}b mx
~b`f vbwa e`ixx jby}b`b}kib, ³hh} jb`dk s} hyf vhahsfkf
ihsyhd`hshvifa, p}eyhfk`h mhs`hkhk jb`d ibjb sb`d`!mf`fkì`f e`bcbdy ~hielab`b}kk d}`ikib mhd`hkhk nh`bdhy`h}fk e}ybvb ìdabvbcbk
lþ} ðkch ih, klf`fw ìdb}`b} Jfkifsybk¾ib yhj`fdhvh lf}hmf`f}if¹ ifvh
vbwve}+
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29
E}bibdf`h}fk fkbkckb mx ihk`f sbvl` e`ixxkx mhvbk hihk
klf`yh}h apb}bye}`xx, xwxk v``b} klf`fw Dxab e`b}bd mf`fkhk ~h yh}cfj
hif`hk yhdsyf` ð} ðk`h}fkfk Jfkifsybk¾ib ìed ibjb xcxwb ð}hyf`iffkf lþ} ðkch
~h ìdb}`b} yhj`fdhvh iððkch, Jfkifsybk¾ibdf yhdsyf` fìf`h}fkfk *mf}
}bdbab lþ}h 8+??? dffkfk& sb de`xkx, yhwlíj`b}ib b}yd ìb`babsk`b}
ifvh Mhyje~hk¾fk shknekfsfkf ifk`hyh}hd dhsyf}af mf} ð`dhif}+
Xwxk wbabk *Abe¾vb dbib}& vþkhyfafkih yxyxx Ìfk¾f, yðccb}`b}kk
b}bc`v`b bnvek!hs}b} mba`s vbpbk ~h xvxybk klf`yh}h, ve``b}ib sh}
shnf` vbybk hs}b}dh`h}f lþ}ahahw`fdyhk lh`af ~h fapb}bye}`xxkxk
whklfk`ffkf mx chshy`h}fk ðwh}fkh dx}axyx}+ Mf} vþkhyfcfkfk ìdp ibÌfk¾ih hs}b} fìf`ahsfkf vbsbd`babsv`b, dw`cb dvbahy depax4 klf`fw
apb}bye}`xx vbkib`b} f`h mf}`fdyh yða lðcðv`h Ìfk¾h sb`i}a ~h
_hdfk, bklbv¾ yepb yxyaxyx}+ Mx sb~bk bi, yb}fjyh ³Bnvek Sb~b¹
e`b}bd lhìh}+ Sekxìyb vhkf`hk Ìfk, klf`fw yðccb}`b}k }bjbysw hyyff fìfk,
þwð} if`hahvh ahcmx} hif`af ~h ³mxkibk mþv`h klf`fw yðccb}`b}, yðyðk,
hs}b} ~h bnvekx jfìmf} dsy`bab ~h hklh``hahvh ybmf e`abibk
sbybmf`hchdyf}¹ fmb}hsfkf ybvbk bk`babv vxydxkb}bd fawb`babd
we}xkib db`ay}+ Vhyahif, chwb e`b}bd ib, klf`fw B}abibsk ~h
yðccb}`b}k }bjbysw hyyff fìfk, Jekl!Dekl¾x 2?? v``kb klf`fw`h}h
~h}afyf}+ Vbdk wbabk`b}b dbib} Jekl!Dekl¾xk mf} klf`fw hj}f
e`abskk khihkf mx f}hkì bk`babi}+
Mðyðk mxk`b}ibk dx}yx`bmf`f} afvfw5 Dx}yx`x}xw+ Bkcbd
haph}vb`fsy`h}f de~abv`b vb ib ek`b} dsy`babv`b mx ahklhkhihkdx}yx`babvw4 dx}yx`ixxaxwx wbkkhyshd ih mxkx bkcbd sk}` mf}
wbabk fìfk vbpbmf`f}fw+ Yð}dfvh mx byb 26=?¾ih vbpy4 bkcbd sekxìyb x
vb ib mx hdf`ih yhd}b} mf}f`h}fkfk fwfkh iðyð+ Kfvh5 Ìðkdð mf} sð} ð
}hne}a lh`fyf}hk Yð}dfvh, kh vbwd df iððksh` iðkvbskib þwlð}`ðh,
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28
mbasw iððkahvh, bkb`fsyfd iððkahvh x`bbabi4 ìðkdð mfby
dð`yð} ð ³ifkf fkbkì`b}b sbvlsw`d¹ lh}hdìhsfv`h mf} yð}`ð db`i}`babi,
ihfyf}f`hahif, mþv`hch jb`d hvj`h}fk, að}fy`h}fk, bb`b}k *mxkb mf}
ihnb pb}yfvf h`h lhìf}fp ih`hlh`h}f abkxpf`h hyahd sx}hyfv`h þ`ðkchvh
dbib} mbdbk db`bk pb}yf bb`b} ib iíjf`if}&, ihih`h}fk h`fkihk vx`b}
dx}yb}babi+ Mþv`hch fìyh dhkifkh þwlð e`flb}fd *vbkf mbw dff`h}h mb`&
ihaed}bsf, iyb ib jh} wbabk lðì`ðvh mevxk hhk mf} vþkhyfa bk`bv
e}ybvb ìda e`ix+
Yð}dfvh¾kfk lh`hchfkih þkha`f mf} by`a e`bcbd Db}bihkfw Ð`dh`h}f
Hdekeafd mf}`ff lf}ffafkh mf} lþw byb`a+ nbih ìed bìd, Db}bihkfw¾hdvs e`bk ð`dh`h}fk fmf}`ff+ Hkh}gfkfk ihkhy`hkhmf`hchf mf} mþ`lh+
Hdekeafd peybksfvh`f vðdshd+ Mf}ìed mbdaibk mfwh ~h mx ð`dh`h}h mðvðd
vb}b} sb`bvbcbd mf} lf}ffa e`bcbdy+ Vbp`bk f`d lf}ffa`h}ihk sek}b, ìed
hafk ihf`fa bab, Yð}dfvh¾kfk yhd`fnf f`h Vxkbkfsybk¾k ~h H}ahkfsybk¾k
ib mx mf}`fh b`kabs fsyhkif ~h b`ki+ B`kab f`h ih db`abi, mx mf}`ffk
ab`f mbdhkyf Vxkbkfsybk¾k Sh`bkfd hj}f e`abs dbmx` hif`if+ Vxkbkfsybk
kh}h, Db}bihkfw kh}h4 ðsyh`fd Vxkbkfsybk B~}xpb Mf}`ffkfk yhyfdìfsf,
Vxkbkfsybk d}ekfd Yð}d iðabk4 H}ahkfsybk ihshk jb dhwb¤ Kh e`ix5
Jfìmf} hv e`abi, dx}x`ixxkibk dsb mf} sð}h sek}b f`h~sfw jb`h lhìyf+
Ìðkdð mby` sy}byhgfd iesy`b}aw dhkif`h}fkfk e`abi mf} mf}`fd fìh}fsfkih
mfwfa lðì`hkahafwf jfìmf} wbabk dbmx` hihahw`h}if+ Þv`h ih
e`ix¤Mðyðk mxk`b} lþ}hchd ih~`hy biba`b} kh}hih5 Lþ} ð}shkfw mbkb
ib jbmh} ~h}fk¤
Yð}dfvh¾kfk 2? Dbsa 263:¾ihk, þwh``fd`h 269>¾ibk mx vbkb dhkif
f}bihsf f`h db}b} ~h}iff yhd ~h hk þkha`f db}b}, 26<9¾ihdf Dm}s Mb}
Jb}hdhyf¾if}+ `d ihnb sþwih mby` iesy`b}awk ekbv`babi mf} jb}hdhy
vbpyd+ ^bv shk afsfk mfwfa xs`x ìecxd, dff`fd`f ib~}bkabvb vh`yhkahd"
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2>
Lþ} ð}sðk shk ihkif+ Mðyðk mx e`bk`b} bk`bvbmf`ahd fìfk Dm}s
Jb}hdhyfkf mbybk mf} ibjb lþwihk lhìf}h}hd ve}xa`babd lh}hdhmf`f}+
Yð}dfvh mþv`h mf} ekx}`x jb}hdhyh mf} ihnb ibjb vh`yhkafyf+ 268?
v``b}kib Dm}s¾yb mb`bvbk mbasw`d jb}hdhyf fdf yep`xa`x mf} e}ybd
ih~`hyfk dx}x`abs f`h sekxì`bkay+ ]xa`b} sekxìyb, Dm}s¾k yða
vþkhyfafkh dhkif`h}f h` devab ve`xkb lfyyf`h}4 bk`bab`b}, x`xs`b}b}bs
bk`bab`b} ìfkhvh}hd, bkbvbsbv ìfkhvh}hd ~h Yð}d`h}f dby`hih}hd,
26>3 v`kib E}ybd Ih~`hy¾f vdy`b}+ Bk`babvb lþ}h aðibjb`h jbddaw
e`ixx fìfk, wbabkk mbmbdbk sahy kþkð *26>3 v`& Dm}s¾b mf}dbì
xìbd lþkih}h}hd ²sbkdf ìdb}ab vbpbcbaw fw`hkfaf vb}byb}bd! bibðwh}fkih xìx}ix4 bvk bkib Bah}fdb Mbdbk Gejksek¾ibk Yð}dfvh¾vh
whjf} whamh}hd mf} ahdyxp lh`if+
³Gejksek Ahdyxmx¹
³\bsjfklyek7 8 Jbwf}bk 26>9
Sbvk Mbv Mbmbdbk *kþkð&
Yð}dfvh Jðdðahyfkfk, Dm}s¾k mf} dsakk bsdh}f dx~~hy`h flb` hyahd
ðwh}h aðibjb`hih mx`xkabvb db}b} ~h}ahvf ybsb}`bikw jbddkib
Mðvðdh`ìf Jb}h ~bsybsv`b sfwihk ~h If`h}f Mbdbkkwibk b`ia
jbmh} mhkf cfiif sx}hyyh hkifhvh sh~d hyahdyhif}+ Hk iesybkh ~h bìd
hdf`ih mh`f}yahd fsyh}fa df lhkf ìbpyb khyfch`h} yh~`fy hihmf`hchd mþv`h
mf} jb}hdhyfk Yð}dfvh yb}bnkibk ybdfp hif`ahsfkf, Jðdðahyfkfwfk mfwfa`h
h~~h`ihk yba mf} fsyfb}hih mx`xkabd jxsxsxkibdf ybbjjðið f`h dbmf`f
yh`fn biihyafve}xa+ Mðvðdh`ìf Jb}h, lþ}ð`h}faf þ}hkahd ðwh}h mf}dbì
sbby yhjf} hyaf e`ixxkxwx mbkb mf`if}if+
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2<
V``b} mevx Yð}dfvh¾vf hk sb`ba hdf`ih ihsyhd`hiffkf fspby hyaf e`bk
Bah}fdb lfmf mf} aðyyhnfdfk, mx hdf`ih khyfch`h}h e`bk yhd yb}bn` mf}
db}b}`b db} db}vb m}bd`abskk, Jðdðahyfkfw mbdakibk ie}x
e`ixxkb jbdfdbyhk fkbkp fkbkabikw sfwihk se}b}ia+ Mfkbhkb`hvj,
mþv`h mf} jb}hdhyh yh~hssð` hyahihk þkch Mf}`hfd Bah}fdb
Ih~`hy`h}f f`h yba fsyfb}hih mx`xkabd ahsx`fvhyfkf dbmx` hyahkfwf
jbssbyhk }fcb hyahd ahcmx}fvhyfkihvfa+
¤+
Bvk wbabkib, Mbv Mbdbk, bsdh}f vb}ia sbjbskib Yð}dfvh ~h Mf}`hfd
ih~`hy`h}b}bskib ah~cxy fdf yb}bn` Bk`babvb ifddbyfkfwf ìhdahd fsyh}fa+
Yð}dfvh f`h b}bawib ah~cxy Yhaaxw 269< Bk`babskk F^¾ ðkcð
abiihsf axcfmfkch, bsdh}f vb}iak Jðdðahyfkfwfk, Mf}`hfd Ih~`hy`h}fk
ax~bnbdbyfkf b`abs fcbp hyahdyhif}+ Jðdðahyfkfw, mx b}y ybabahk
bk`ba mx`xkixxkx axjyh`fn ~hsf`h`h}`h Mf}`hfd Ih~`hy`h}h mf`if}afyf}+
¤+
Mx hdf`ih sfwh xkx mf`if}ahd fsyh}fa df, mfwfa`h vhkfihk ~h hk lhkf
þ`ìðih fsyfb}h hyahdsfwfk mþv`h mf} jb}hdhyh yh~hssð`
hyahvhchfkfwh ibf} mbkb yhafkby ~h}ahiffkfw ybdif}ih,¤¹
*ahdyxmxk yba ahykf vbwkk b`ykib&
Ìdb}sbkw mbkwb lh`hchd`h}f mhk sfwh sþv`hvhvfa ahb`fkih¤
Yð}d jðdðahyf mx ahdyxmx vxyyx+ Wbyhk bsdh}`h}fafwfk bibvb ìdbcbd
ix}xaib ib e`abi ibjb sek}b bk`b`i+ Ìðkdð xìbd`b}k `bsyff ~hmhkwfkf Bah}fdb¾ibk lh`fve}ax+ Yð}d`h} bibibk dþs dþs lh}f iþkið`h}+
Yð}dfvh mx dbifa iesyxkb fkbkabkk kh mðvðd mf} jbyb e`ixxkx mf}
ibjb lþ}aðyð4 bk`bi a ih}shkfw, dxdx`x, mxlðk ibjf bvk yð}dðv`h
ve`b ih~ba hifve}xw¤ Mf}bw dff`fd`f ib~}bksbkw, jh} v`k =9 kfsbkkib,
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2:
mbdk jb ³H}ahkf Sevd}ak pb}`bahkyeaib dbmx` hih}fa¹ ifvh}hd
bkybgb ih~ba hifve}+ Jh} v` mxkx þk`hahd fìfk mðyìhafwihk mh`f}`f
Bah}fdbk `emf`h}fkh pb}b bdyb}`ve}+ Mf} dff`fd`f vþkhyfcf ìdp ib ³hih}shk
hy, mxkxk mhih`fkf mf}`fdyh þih}fw¹ ifvhafve}¤
Mìbd fvfch dhafh ibvbkay+ Dm}s¾yb 26<9¾ih ]xa`b} bvbb
db`da, Abdb}fes¾x bibibk sð}að, Yð}d`h}f þ`ið}ahvh mb`ba`b}i+
Yð}dfvh sekxìyb =? Yhaaxw 26<9 yb}fjfkih, Yð}dfvh Cxajx}fvhyf Ih~`hyf
Yð}d Sf`bj` Dx~~hy`h}fkfk Lb}bkyf Bk`babskk FFF nd}bskb ibvbkb}bd
aðibjb`h hyyf+ Bkcbd mx sð}hcf ie}x bk`b}sbd, x bkibdf Yð}d i
pe`fyfdbsk ibjb fvf bk`bvbmf`f}fw+
Sekxìyb Yð}dfvh bibvb ìdy, dþp} ðmb`b}k yxyyx+ Yð}dfvh¾kfk
ih}jb` byhf dhsahsf ~h lh}f ìhdf`ahsf ha}hif`if+ Yð}dfvh ix}ix4 bkcbd
lh}f ìhdf`ahif4 bsdh}f bìibk dhkifkf lb}bkyfvh b`abd fìfk, mx haf}`h}h
db} lh`h}hd fdfkcf jb}hdhyf vbpy ~h mh`f}`f mf} b`bk ibjb h`h lhìf}if+ Mby,
Yð}dfvh¾kfk mx fybbysfw`ffkf jfì xkxyabi+ `d e`b}bd BMI, Yð}dfvh¾vh
26<9¾ihk fyfmb}hk vbd`bd 9 v` sð}hchd sf`bj bamb}lesx xvlx`babvb ~h
xvlx`byy}abvb mb`bi+ E}ixsxkx Bah}fdbk sf`bj`b}kb lþ}h iekbybk
Yð}dfvh ìed we} ix}xaib db`i+ Sy}byhgfd e}ybaw hdekeafd lðì`ðd`h}
ìdb}i ~h jh} sfvbsf p`byne}aib Yð}dfvh¾vf lh}f ìhdf`ahvh we}`bi *jí`mxdf
hsbs sy}byhgfd e}yb e`bk s}bf`, Nf`fsyfk`f`h}h mfwfa vbpyawk mfk dbyk
vbpabskb db}k d`k mf`h dp}ibyave}4 jbyyb sð}hd`f mx ih~`hyf
vð}hd`hkif}fve}&+ Sekxkib mf} ìdb} ve` mx`babvbk Yð}dfvh, mf} ekx}`x
ib~}bk ibjb lþsyh}h}hd, Dxwhv Dm}s Yð}d Ih~`hyf¾kfk dx}x`xxkb vhf`d vbdy+ ^bv shk afsfk vhkf mf} ih~`hy f`bk hyahvh fwfk ~h}hk" Mbdk
kh`h} e`ix kh`h}¤
Jh} wbabk db}`dsw iesy h`fkf xwbybk _bdfsybk, mx ihnb ib
vbkawib vh} b`i ~h e lðk, Dxwhv Dm}s Ih~`hyf¾kf ybki+ Shk afsfk
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26
ybkvbk, shk afsfk mbykk xs`x ìecxxkxk ab}abskb ihsyhd
sb`bvbk" Bvk lðk sy}byhgfd e}ybaw BMI, dfa df Dm}s Dxwhv
Ih~`hyf¾kf ybk}sb mfwihk *mbyibk& hdekeafd ~h bsdh}f vb}ia
b`abvbcbd4 lh}hdf}sh hdekeafd bamb}le xvlx`bkbcbdy} ahb`fkih sh}y
mf} ð`yfabyea vbvk`bi+ Yð}d vhydf`f`h} b`h`bch`h _bdfsybk¾b xìb}bd,
ek`b}k iesy`xxkb yhhddð} hifp, db}b}`b}k lh}f ìhdah`h}f fìfk }fcb`b}ib
mx`xkix`b}+ _bdfsybk ybkab db}b}k lh}f b`i+
Mbykk fìf sexabi, j}s jfìmf} wbabk ifkahif+ Yð}dfvh kh
wbabkdf f`lf`f vb ib f`lfsfw mf} dekxvx dekxabd fìfk absbvb eyx}ix fsh,
mby` iesy`b}aw Dm}s ib~bsk syp þkðaðwh devix`b}4 fwwhyf khnsfafwfd}bcbd mfk mf} þkh}fih mx`xkix`b}4 sekxkib <? af`vek`xd Yð}dfvh¾vf
mf}dbì vðw mfk ]xa¾xk þkðkih ifw ìþdahvh we}`bi`b}+ Ybmff Lðkhv
Dm}s¾k B~}xpb Mf}`ffkh lf}ahsfkh ~h mfwfa fìfk ev dx``bkab jbddk
dbwbkabskb vhf` d vbdbk ib vfkh Yð}dfvh¾kfk lh`hchf lþ}hk *"& ib}
lþ} ð`ð, ¤ sfvbsf`h}f e`ix+ Jí`mxdf lhìafyhdf bky`bab`b}awb lþ}h,
Dm}s Ih~`hyfkfk jh}jbklf mf} mf}`fh dby`abs bkcbd Yð}dfvh¾kfk ekbv` f`h
e`bmf`f}if ~h Yð}dfvh¾kfk ðvh e`abi mf} mf}`fh Dm}s ðvh e`babwi+
Yð}dfvh jh} wbabkdf lfmf sy}byhgfd e}ybd`b}kb fkbki ~h lh`hchfkh mðvðd
jbcfw devix}ix+ faif mf}dbì Dm}s` ]xa¾xk þkðkih ifw ìþdðk¤
Jí`mxdf mx dff`fd`f db}b} mf} yð}`ð fìfkh sfkif}hahvhk bvk mby *BM
~h BMI&, B~}xpb¾kk lþmhfkih, bvk sevibk lh`hk, bvk if`f dekxbk,
bvk ifkh ahksxp fksbk`b} bv} ih~`hy`h} jb`fkih pb}ìb`babib jfìmf}
sbdkcb lþ}ahif ~h jh} yð}`ð e`bkbv`b ihsyhd`hif4 jbyyb lðì ih dx``bki+Vxles`b~vb¾kk pb}ìb`bkab sð}hcfkf fvf mf`ahd lh}hdfve}+ Bvk mby, kh
jfdahysh bv} }dybk, bv} if`ihk, bv} ifkihk 39 v`i} bv} vbbvbk Dm}s
fksbk`b}k mf} b}bvb lhyf}ahd fìfk mfk mf} ve`x ~h mbsdv ihkfve}+ Bcbmb
mfwf ìed ax sh~fve}`b} ih}sfkfw5 Bkcbd mfby dð`yð} ð f`h vhyfaf e`bk`b}
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=?
mðyðk mxk`b} yba e`b}bd db~}babdyb we}`bkve}`b}+ Mbdk mby
axjfmmbk`aw *dþ} ð dþ} ðkh mb``aw& sek lðk`h}ih mf`h kh}h`h}h
dbib} x`by+ klf`yh}h, Dh}dðd, Axsx`, Dxwhv F}bd ~h Dm}s se}xkxkx
mbawb mh`b hihk mf} ð`dhif} ~h d}b`fìh`h}f ih mx ð`dhkfk sfvbsf
evxk`b}kk lhìafyhk lðkðaðwh xwbkbk sfalhsfif}+
Mx e}yb evxkxkxk sek mf} ph}ihsfkf ih mhk bìd`bvbva, mbdb`a mx
vbwv edxvbk`b} mx vbwid`b}a ibjb þkch mf} vh}`h}ih edxax vb ib
ffyaf`h} afif}5 Hh} þwh` ah}bdkw ved fsh, sy}byhgfd iesy`b}awk vbdk
ìb`ab b}dbib e`bk jðdðahy`h}fafw, Sfw¾h mx mf`lf`h}f mðvðd mf}
e`bs`d`b x`by}ababd fìfk mðvðd ìbmb lþsyh}af e`ab`i}`b}+ Yb}fjdhkifkf ie}x edxvbabvbk fib}h`h}fk *mbwhk ih fib}hcf`h}fk& bfy e`ixd`b}
yep`xa`b}k jbwfk bdmhy`h}f f`h ie`xix}+ Bybyð}d, yb 2?? v` þkch, hh}
Dh}dðd ~h Axsx`¾x ~h}f}shd, h} vb ib lhì Dð}y`h} f`h H}ahkf`h} Yð}d`h}f
b}dbibk ~x}bcbdy} ifve}+ faif ahc`fsyh sy}byhgfd iesy`b}awk
sdy}abs ~h cxajx}fvhy`h db~lb` mf} dhsfafk b}bc`v`b, Bybyð}d¾h
jbdb}hy sh}mhsy e`ab`i} vbsbs ekbv`bkabvb ìb``ve} ~h }hsfa`h}fkfk
}hsaf ibf}h`h}ihk fkif}f`ahsf fìfk BM mbsd dx}xve}+ Mb}wbkf f`h vbp`bk
}þpe}ybgib, Dð}y Ih~`hyf dx}x`ixdybk sek}b Sx}fvh, }bk ~h Yð}dfvh¾ihk
yep}bd yb`hmfkfw e`bcbd ai} ifvh se}x`ixxkib, jbv} kh aðkbshmhy
ifve}4 wbyhk e}b`b} Dð}y yep}bi} ifvh vbky ~h}fve}+
Yh`hnb}, Sx}fvh f`h F}bd Dð}y`h}f b}bskib ybapek lþ}h~f vbpbk
ybabahk Yð}d e`bk mf} mþ`lhif}4 2686 v`kib mx}bib ìed mðvðd mf}
dby`fba vbp`i4 jðdðahy mx dby`fba Yð}dfvh¾ih ixvx`absk ifvh mbskbsbksð} xvlx`bi *sb dhsfafk sfalhsh` f`bj Ahkih}hs Jðdðahyf&4 26<9
v`kib yhd}b} dby`fba xvlx`bki4 jðdðahy vfkh jbmh}`h}f sbksð} hyyf
*af``fvhyìf!axdbiihsbyì jðdðahy yb}bnkibk&+ Sy}byhgfd iesy`b}awk
babc, Dxwhv F}bd f`h Sx}fvh Dð}y`h}fkf mf}`hyf}ahd ~h Dxwhv F}bd
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=2
Ih~`hyfkf Bdihkfw¾h mb`babd+ dfkcf F}bd Jb}hdíykib, jh} Yð}dahk
h~fkh þkchihk L_S cfjbw *xwbvibk vh} yhspfy hihk cfjbw& vh}`hyf}f`fve}
~h ibjb sek}b ib mx cfjbw`b}k vþk`hkif}ahsfkh lþ}h dby`fba mb`ve}+
Mx e`bv jfìmf} Yð}d lbwhyhsf vbwabi, jfìmf} lbwhyhcf mx}bvb lf}ahif *vb
ib sedx`abi&+ Yð}dfvh mx dby`fba yhd mf} sþwcðd f`h mf`h lðkihah
lhyf}ahif, dkbabi+ Mðyðk mxk`b}b db}k >??+??? phah}lh bsdh}fkf
lhyf}fp = v` mhs`hvhk vfkh sb dhsfafk f`bj sbv`bk axjbnbwbdí}!
Axdbiihsbyì Þwb` jðdðahyf e`ix+ Mx phah}lh`h}fk mf} dsa ib
Yð}dfvh¾kfk mbkb sek}bibk mh`b e`ix+
2668 v`kib mðvðd ih~`hy bibaaw ifvh sxkx`bk ~h ibjb sek}bCxajx}mbdbkaw e`bk Yx}lxy Þwb`, 2668 v`kib Ahsxy Mb}wbkf ~h
Yb`bmbkf f`h bk`babvb eyx}b}bd, _DD¾v sð}ah`h}f fìfk ek`b}b sf`bj
~h}hchfkf sþv`haf *lðvb mx fdfsf _DD¾v sk} mþ`lhsfkihk sð}h}hd
e}bvb Dxwhv F}bd` dþv`ð`h}f vh}`hyf}hchdaf& ~h mðvðd afdyb}`b}ib sf`bj
~h}afyf} *mfwwby Sb} Whvmhd e`b}bd mf`fkhk Esabk B`mbv ybkd e`ax& +
Mf}dbì lðk sek}b f`d e`b}bd Yb`bmbkf, ibjb sek}b Mb}wbkf _DD f`h
bk`babvb eyx}b}bd, mx sf`bj`b}k vb}sk _DD¾vb ~h}af ~h mfk`h}ch
Yð}d lhkcfkfk mx sf`bj`b}`b, vbkf ~h}lf`h}fafw`h b`iaw sf`bj`b}`b
þ`ið} ð`ahsfkh whafk jbw}`bay}+ Mðvðd ih~`hy biba, mf}dbì lðk
sek}bsk mf`h lþ}hahvhk`h}ihk ihf`, Bybyð}d lfmf vðwv` sek}bsk lþ}hk
fksbk`b}b ~h}f`ahsf lh}hdhk mf} snbyy}+
Sbc mbskk jh} n}sbyyb mðvðd ih~`hy biba e`b}bd sxkixx
Mbmbdbk!Cxajx}mbdbk Yx}lxy Þwb`, mbdb mf} bk`babvb ibjb fawbbyay} *dfafk we}xv`b4 ybmff df mðvðd sy}byhgfd e}ybaw BMI¾kfk
lf}ffafv`h&7 Mx bk`bab, ixvixxaxwib lx}x}`bkiaw *ibjb sek}b
þndhvh iþkhk&, Dxwhv F}bdyb dekbì`bkabskb fwfk ~h}f`hk Yð}d mf}`ffif}
*mf} }bdbab lþ}h 8+??? mfk, mf} }bdbab lþ}h 28+???4 mf} }bdbab lþ}h
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==
3?+??? ph}sekh`ihk e`xax&+ Bkcbd dð`bj iððkch dh``fd lþ} ðkið+
Ahh} abs}bn mx nbdf} af``hy yb}bnkibk þihkhk mx mf}`fd, ìexaxwxk
wbkkhyyff lfmf e}bibdf Yð}dahk`h}f ihf`, Sbiiba¾k e`bs mf} bybkibk
Dð}y`h}f de}xabd fìfk lfyaf+ Bah}fdb e}bvb dekbì`bkkcb, Dð}y`h}fk
de}xkabd fìfk mbdb mf} ibvvb fjyfvbì`b} db`abi+ Kh af e`ix5
Mf}`fd`h}fafwfk lðwfih bsdh} ~h deaxybk`b}kk mbkb ìx~b` lhìf}f`if¤
Dhkifkh sbvls e`abvbk`b}k mbdb`b}kibk sbvl mhd`hahsf vh}sfw
e`ixx fìfk vxyyxd¤ Bkcbd jb`dk xvxyx`bmf`ahsf vb ib
sbdfk`hyf}f`hmf`ahsf fìfk _e`by` mf} nf`a f`h þcðaðwð sbkb` e`b}bd b`id¤
Dbndbs`b}ib ib bvk mfby dð`yð} ð sð}ið} ð`ahdyh4 vb}k mbawbkh`h} bìbcbk lþ}hchfw+ Lð}cfsybk¾ib =??3 v`kib vbp`bk Lð`
Ih~}fafkihk sek}b fdyfib}b lh`hk Afjbf` Sbbdb~f`f¾kfk Lð}cfsybk jb`dkb
~h}iff f`d sþw yep}bd mðyðk`ððkð sb`bvbcb vþkðkihvif+ Lð}cfsybk
SSCM¾ihk mbasw`k dbwbkikib bvk ce}bnvbib vh} b`bk bv}cb
3 cxajx}fvhy þwh}d`ffkf de}xaxyx+ Mxk`b}ibk fdfsf, Bmjbwvb ~h Lðkhv
Eshyvb sb~bb}bd mbasw`k dbwbki+ Sbbdb~f`f f`d e`b}bd
bsfaf`bsvekb hk wbvn jb`db e`bk Bcb}fsybk¾ibk mb`bi+ Ìðkdð
Yð}dfvh¾kfk b}db ìdabvbcbk mbyibdf bbmhv`h}fkihk mf`fve}ix+
Bcb}fsybk sb~babi+ Mx}bib Yð}dfvh¾kfk hydfsf mðvðd e`ix+ Mx þwh}d
cxajx}fvhyf ps}d`b fyhk Yð}dfvh e`ix+ Yð}dfvh¾kfk bs`kib Bcb}fsybk
ðwh}fkih lb}bkyþ}`ðd jbdd ib ~b}i+ Bab Yð}dfvh jfìmf} wbabk mxkx
lðkihah lhyf}ahif *sy}byhgfd bbmhv`h}fafw fwfk ~h}ahaf e`abab``b}4
db`i df Dm}s¾ybdf lb}bkyþ}`ððaðwð wbyhk vðwðaðwh lþwðaðwh
mx`by}id&+ Lð}cfsybk, Bcb}fsybk Ih~`hy Mbdbk Bs`bk Bmbfiwh¾vf
Aesde~b¾vb de~ixdybk sek}b mx þwh}d mþ`lhkfk þwh}d`fd sybyðsðkð
e}ybibk db`i}i+ Kðnxsxkxk mðvðd ìexk`xx Aðs`ðabk e`bk ~h afsbd!
af``f sk}`b}aw fìh}fsfkih vh} b`bk Bcb}fsybk jb`d yep`x e`b}bd dsa
dsa J}fsyfvbk`b lhìf}f`ahvh mb`bki ~h Bcb}fsybk mbv}bkb jbì
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=3
fb}hyf f`b~h hif`if+ Mx þwh}d cxajx}fvhyfk vxyx`abskb lþw vxaixd4
mbv}bd`b}kb jbì ybd`absk b`d`bid+ *mf`lf`h}fk mf} dsa Sfkbk EBK
YÐ]DSBA Mbdbk, fkyh}khyyhk, ?:+?:+=??:&+
?:+?:+=??: yb}fjfkih Lð}cfsybk Lðkhv Eshyvb¾vb sb`i}i ~h
hjf}`h}fkfk mðvðd mf} dsak flb` hyyf4 =???¾h vbdk biba þ`ið}ið
ihkif+ Yð}dfvh¾ihk, BMI¾ihk, BM¾ihk ysss ved+ Dfa af yða mxk`b}b lþw
vxaix ih}sfkfw4 vbky sfwf b}ybmf`f}7 Ifk`h vbyp ifk`h db`dbk`b} f`h
af``fvhyìf`ff jfì dfashvh m}bdabvbk`b}¤ Xvxvxk¤ *Eshy jb`d Dbndbs`b}ib
vbbvbk ~h dþd`h}f Sbdb *sdfy& jb`dkb dbib} xwbkbk hsdf mf} jb`dy}+ Sbdb`b}, A+Þ+
<?? ie`bv`b}kib Db}bihkfwfk dxwhvfkih hlhahk e`ax Yð}d jb`d`b}kibk mf}fsfif}+
sdfy`h}ihk sek}b mþ`lhih Sb}aby, B`bk lfmf Yð}d dþdhk`f jb`d`b} hlhahk e`ax`b}i}+
Ibjb sek}b Mby Jxk`b} mþ`lhvf h`h lhìf}af`h}if}+ Vbkf, mxlðk Lð}cfsybkk hwahvh
db`dy Eshy`h}, yb}fjsh` db}ihfafw e`bk mf} jb`dy}+ Syb`fkfk dbsy` e`b}bd fdf
pb}ìbvb mþ`iðð mx ð`dhihk Dxwhv Eshyvb, ]xsvb Nhih}bsvekx fìfkihif}+ Mx}bib
6?? mfk Eshy vbbabdybi}+
266= v`kib Se~vhy`h} ib`idybk sek}b Lðkhv Eshyvb ihkf`hk mþ`lhih
vbbvbk 2?? mfk dbib} Eshy, mbasw`k f`bk hyafyf}4 ?: +=9+= ??: ,Bdba
Lbwhyhsf&+
Mx dbib} ~bjf`fh ~h ph}~bsw`b lþw vxaabkk, dhkif lh`hchf
bìskibk ib mðvðd yhj`fdh e`xyx}bcbkb lþ}hk ]xsvb, ibjb þkch
sþw`hah`h}fk dhkifkh ~h}iff jbd`b}b ibvbkb}bd, mþ`lhvh bsdh}f
aðibjb`hih mx`xkix ~h lh`hk mf`lf`h}h mbd`}sb jha mbyvb jha ih
Lð}cfsybk¾b lh}hd`f ih}sf ~h}if+ Mx ð`dh`h}fk *Eshyvb ~h Bmbwvb& yba
mbasw`k ybkvb}bd mþ`lhihk ìhdf`if+ Lhìafyh mfk mf} wx`ða
lþ}iðð fìfk Yð}dfvh¾vh skbk mx ð`dh`h}fk, þwh``fd`h Bmbwvb¾kk jb`d,
Yð}dfvh¾ih Bmbwb`b} e`b}bd þkha`f mf} yep`x`xd e`xyx}ix+ Mx fksbk`b}
dhkifkh þwlð lh`hkhd ~h lþ}hkhd`h}fkf ih de}xvb}bd ð`dhafwfk hk sbid
~bybkib`b} e`ix`b}+ Dbndbs`b}`b Yð}dfvh¾kfk f`fdf`h}fkih hk lðì`ð
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=9
dþp} ð`h}f e`xyx}ix`b}+ Lh`ifd`h}f ð`dhkfk yba mbasw`kb db~xyxxkx
ixvxkcb sybkmx`¾ib mðvðd dxy`bab`b} vbpy`b}+ Yð}d sevxkibk sbv`bk ~h
Aðs`ðabk e`bk mf} ð`dh ibjb af``hy`h} yep`x`xxkb dby`ve}ix+ Yð}dfvh
lðì dbwbkve}ix+ Sbihch lðì dbwbkab f`h db`ave}, ]xsvb¾kk mx
db}b}v`b, Dm}s ib~bskibdf h`fafw ìed ibjb lðì`hkfve}, þ}khd
lþsyh}hchfafw mf} ix}xa e}ybvb ìdve}ix+ Yð}d af``hyf yðaðv`h mbv}ba
vbpab`vi+
Kh af e`ix5 `d e`b}bd Yð}d Af``hyf¾kf yhasf` hyyff ~b}sbv`bk
Cxajx}mbdbk`kib eyx}bk dff, vbkf vbsb` sybyðsð jb`b yb}yab` e`bk
Bmix``bj Lð`, mx dxy`bab`b} ~h cedxvx, bv}`dìb, mþ`ðcð ~h jxwx}xmewxcx jb}hdhy`h} e`b}bd ybka`bi+ Yð}dfvh mbykk lþwð ievabw
haph}vb`fsy`h}fkh vb}bkabs mx}bib mfyahif4 sbihch sþw`ð vb}bkab f`h
vhyfkahif+ Dbndbs`b}ib jhp lþwð e`bk ð`dh`h}, mx}bib, bvbd`b}kk
b`ykibdf yep}bk dbvik lþ} ðkch fiihy`f dkbab`b}k vbk s}b, KBYE
ybymfdby ~h fksbkf vb}ia b`ykib jh} yð}`ð sf`bj`b}`b yba iekbka` jh}
mf}f <?+??? yek`xd fdf nf}dbyhvkfk Db}bihkfw¾h lf}ahsf lðkihah lh`if+ Bab
x`xs`b}b}bs Aeky}þ Bky`babs, mx mðvðd lhaf`h}fk Mebw`b}ibk
lhìahsfkh fwfk ~h}afve}ix+ Yð}dfvhkfk mxlðkh dbib} ffkh lh`hk
bky`bab mbyibdf iesy`b}awk we}`babs f`h ih`fkif4 lhaf`h} lhìyf4 jbyyb
]xsvb¾kk mx}kxkxk ifmfkh lþkih}if+ ]xsvb¾kk x`xs`b} b}bs jxdxdb
bvd} jb}hdhy hyyffkf sb~xkbk fì fmf}`fdìf`h}fafw, ð`dhkfk jbd`b}kk
sb~xkabsk lb}bkyf`hvhk Aeky}þ bk`babskk ih`fkahsfkh lþw lþ}h
lþ}h sxsdxk db`i`b}+ Mþv`hch 263> v`kib sb`biaw mebw`b}ibk
lhìff deky}e` jbddaw, lðì`ð mf} ih~`hyfk *BMI¾kfk& mbsy}absv`b
ih`fkif+ Yð}dfvh lh`hchdyh mx vb}bkabkk bcsk ìed ìhdhchdyf}+ Vb}k
þmð} lðk ]xsvb ib bvk lh}hdìh`h}`h mbsy}}sb kh e`bcbd5 Vðw`h}ch
v`i} pe`fyfdbawk yhah`fkf e`xyx}bk Mebw`b} Se}xkx, mxlðkh dbib}
Mebw`b}b hlhahk e`bk Yð}dfvh Cxajx}fvhyfkfk, fmf}`fdìf fdyfib}v`b
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=8
vb}bya e`ixx vhkf mf} se}xk e`b}bd mfwwby Yð}dfvhkfk db}skb
ìdabvbcbd a5 *sþw`hahvh lþ}h7 Db}bihkfw ð`dh`h}f jb}fcfkihdf
ð`dh`h}fk jbnfn sx ðsyð lhaf`h}f, dðìðd sb~b lhaf`h}f ~h vb}iac
lhaf`h}f, yep`ba yekbg`b} 28 mfk yekx ~h sbv`b} 6x lhìahahd b}yv`b
Mebw`b}ibk lhìhmf`f}`h} &+ Jí`mxdf lhìhk yhd mf} sb~b lhafsfkfk mf`h
yekbg <?+???+ Yð}dfvh mf} ih dhkifkf jbd` ìdb}bmf`ahd fìfk, jh}dhsf
lð`ið}hchd mf} sbpybabv iðkvb dbaxevxkb ixvx}ix+ Nðwh ~h ifh} yða
sf`bj`b}`b yba iekbka` mx lhaf`h} Lð}cfsybk¾b ìecxd ababs ~h fksbkf
vb}ia ab`whahsf ybve}ax+ Iðkvbib f`d ihnb abab ybvbk mf} sb~b
lhafsf e`lxsx, Yð}d fib}hcf`h}fk sbpybabs f`h iðkvb sfvbsf yb}fjfkh lf}af
e`ix¤ Mfby dð`yð} ð ihahd df fksbk`b} bpyb``by}ve}¤ B~}xpb Mf}`ff f`h
Yð}dfvh b}bskib aðwbdh}h`h} mb`bsk a mb`babsk a se}xkx
lðkihah lh`iffkih ~h B~}xpb¾kk vbk ìfwiff lðk`h}ih, ]xsvb
mbmbdbk _xyfk Yð}dfvh¾vh lh`h}hd *mfwfa sy}byhgfd e}ybaw ifvh}hd&
b}db ìdy Yð}dfvh, ]xsvb¾v b}dbibk ~x}xve}ix+ ]xsvb lhcfdahif,
bnnhyahif4 kh}hihvsh =??: v`kib 3: af`vb} ie`b}b *Yð}dfvh bìskibk
mf}fkcf vb ib fdfkcf s}bib yfcb}hy e}yb e`bk mf} ð
`dh& x`bbk yfcb}hyfafwhdeyb devix, Yð}d dþdhk`f ab``b}k Yð}dfvh ~h B~}xpb ðwh}fkihk ]xsvb¾vb
lf}ffkh sd ihkhyfa lhyf}if+ Yð}dfvh¾kfk hkh}gf mbdakibk mh` mb`bi
~h hk ìed lh}hdsfkahsf e`bk ieb lbw ix}xax ib yb}yabvb bì`i+
Sy}byhgfd e}ybd`b}aw xwbdybk ds ds lð`h}dhk, db}b db}b iððkah s}bs
Yð}dfvh¾vh lh`if¤
Mðyðk mxk`b} vhyafve}ax lfmf, bkbvbsbskib Yð}dfvh¾kfk iex
dhsfafkihdf yep}bd`b}k H}ahkf yep}bk e`ixxkx ~h Yð}dfvh¾ihk mx
vþkih yb`hp`h}f e`bcbk abiih e`b}bd devax4 B} Ib¾k mbv}bkib
sfalh e`b}bd b`a4 iðkvbkk yða ð`dh`h}fkih vbpy lf}ffa`h}`h
Yð}d`h}fk sevd}a vbpykb f`fdfk vbsb ìdb}yy}bk vb ib ìdb}`abskb
we}`bvbk, mfwh hk we} lðk`h}fafwih jh} yð}`ð ihsyhf sb`bvbk
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=>
Bwh}mbvcbk Ih~`hyfkfk Db}bmb mþ`lhsfkf flb` hih}hd ek mfk`h}ch
Bwh}fvh þ`ið} ðp, mf} af`vekxkb vbdkk lþìh we}`bvbk mf} ih~`hyf,
lhìafyh, mx ih~`hyf wfvb}hy hihk`h}f vb ib mx ih~`hyyhk lh`hchd
wfvb}hyìf`h}f *Cxajx} Mbdbk Yx}lxy Þwb`¾k þ`ðað khihkfv`h Yð}dfvh¾vh
lh`hk H}ahkfsybk Ih~`hy Mbdbkkk wfvb}hyf khihkfv`h ahc`fsyh vbpy
dekxabib& dbmx` hyahkfk mf} ìhfy ~bybkb fjbkhy hihk e wbabkk
pb}`bahkyh}f, mx lðkðk Cxajx}mbdbk Bmix``bj Lð`, kh e`ix ib yða mx
iððkch`h}fkihk ~bwlhìyf5 H}ahkfsybk a fsyhd`h}fkihk ~bwlhìyf5
Lþ} ðkð}ih mþv`h mf} lh`fah ved+ Vedsb lhìhk mx sð}h wb}nkib
cxajx}mbdbkkk nxyme`b ah}bd þkðkh lhìf`hahw mf} jb` a b`i5
Mxkx dfash bk`ba ihf`" Mh`df, Yð}dfvh¾kfk ìdb}`b}k de}xabd`b
vðdða`ð cxajx}mbdbkawk ²jb`dk yða axjb`hnhyfkh db}k! mx 2:?
ih}hch`fd iþkððkð, mx wfvb}hyf cbk lþkð`ihk ihsyhd`hvhk *we}`bvbk ib
e`bmf`f}& BMI ~h BM ð`dh`h}fkfk if`h}fkihk lh`hk bìd`bab`b} þkha`f
fpxì`b} ~h}hmf`f}5 Yð}dfvh¾kfk mbkb fvfch ìe}bp þ}hmf`ahd fìfk
Bwh}mbvcbk¾k ib Yð}dfvh¾kfk vbkkibk ìhdf`ahsf lh}hdf}if, þv`h ih
e`bcbb mhkwh}+Cxajx}fvhy Yð}dfvh¾sfkfk ahc`fs`h}fkfk *pb}`bahkye`b}kk& v``d
bì` yþ}hk`h}fkih mxlðkh dbib} mhkfashvh`fa vb ib mhkfashahvh`fa
Cxajx}mbdbk`b}aw dekxab`b}k vbpb}dhk bì` lh`hkhf e`b}bd
*mh`df ih mf} vþkh}lhv`h hsbsb ib mb`bka e`bmf`f}& n}bkd vb ib saedfk
lfvaf`h}if+ Bmix``bj Lð`, dhkifkf e}bvb x`by}bk mf} dhsfah mhk
sfwihkfa ~h mby ihh}`h}fkf hsbskib mhkfashafve}xa ahb`fkihk lþw
d}pabd fìfk e`bcbd Yð}d pb}`bahkye yb}fjfkih chdhy`h dekxab vbpbk f`d
cxajx}mbdbk e`ix+ Dfash mf} hv ifvhahif, ihahif+ Bkcbd 2=
Kfsbk¾ib *=??:& mb`bvbk klf`yh}h D}b`fìhsf FFF+ H`fwbmhy¾fk wfvb}hyf
khihkfv`h, klf`yh}h sb}bvkk mf} p}eyede` ahax}x, d}b`fìhafwf n}bkd`b vb
ib saedfk`h db}`babd we}xkibskw mxv}xxkx ifddbyh b`bk
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cxajx}mbdbkaw Bmix``bj Lð`, n}bkd`b}k lfvh}hd klf`yh}h D}b`fìhsfkf
db}`bi+ Ie}xsxkx fsyh}shkfw, Bybyð}d¾ðk ekx}`x Yð}dfvh¾sfkfk mf}
ahksxmx e`b}bd, mþv`h mf} n}bkd` ybm`evx fìfah sfkif}hahifa+
fk hk f`lfkì vbk Bmix``bj Lð`¾ðk hf sbvk ³nf}sy @biv¹ Nbj}fkfsb
jbkak ~h Bmix``bj Lð`¾ðk, jbvif faif dbihj`h}fafwf db`i}b`a ifvhk
FFF+ H`fwbmhyf¾fk if`hfv`h, fìfkih kh e`x}sb e`sxk *fsyh} fìdf e`sxk fsyh}
e`absk, dbihj fìhchd dbm ihf` fìdf dbmi} ~h fìdfkfk sfalhsfif}&,
mxlðkh dbib} fìdfvf lðkbj sbva mf} bdak yhasf`cfsf e`ixxkx lþw b}i
hih}hd, jb`dk lþwðkðk fìfkh mbdb mbdb db`i}ab`b} ~h ³yd`byab`b}¹,
b}yd mxkxk mf} if`hd ihf` mf} mxv}xd e`ixx fw`hkfafkf iex}axyx}+Lþ} ðve}sxkxw mfby dð`yð} ð fksbkb n}bkd ib lfvif}fve}, dbihj ih
db`i}yve}+ Mx mbykk hlhahk`ffkf, Yð}dfvh¾kfk ih yhs`fafvhyìf`ffkf yhscf`
hihk bc mf} ybm`eix}+
Ifvhmf`f}sfkfw df mf} ð`dhkfk sfalhsf e`bk mf} dff , mbdb mf} ð`dhvf
wfvb}hy hifve}sb, ekx ahakxk hyahd fìfk dhkif xsx``h}fkf ~h
b`dbk`d`b}k xvlx`bab afsbnf}ph}~h}`ffk mf} lh}hfif}+ _hdí`í, }bk¾
wfvb}hy hihk mbmbdbkawb, vh}h sen}b mhwf sh}f`h}hd, ekxk ðwh}fkih
vhahd fd}ba hif`ahsfkf ~h mfwfadf`h}fkfk ih mbib dx}b}bd mx sen}bvb
vbkbab`b}kb kh ifvhchdsfkfw5
BMI mbyb e`abd ðwh}h, mby, dhkif ikibdf dff`fd`f ih~`hy`h}h ~h
vþkhyfcf`h}h jfìmf} wbabk jelþ} ð`ð e`abi4 e`abvbcbdy} ib+ Jí`mxdf
Dm}s Jb}hdhyfkf mbjbkh hih}hd, KBYE¾ibk ìhdf`hk Vxkbkfsybk¾k yhd}b}
lh}fvh iþkahsfkf ~hye hihk Yð}dfvh¾vh ~hyesxkx lh}f ìhdahd fìfk mbsd
ðwh}fkh mbsd vbp`i4 mf}ìed ~bby`h}ih mx`xkx`ix4 sekxkib 26:?
ib}mhsfkf n}sby mf`h}hd *mh`df ih mx khihk`h ib}mh ih vbp`a e`bmf`f}&4
vfkh mf}ìed ~bby`h}`h Yð}dfvh¾ihdf cxkybv dbki}p Vxkbkfsybk¾ yhd}b}
KBYE¾vb b`i}i`b}+ ^bby`h}h kh e`ix ih}shkfw, lhìhk =: v` fìh}fsfkih jfì
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mf}fkf vh}fkh lhyf}ahif`h}4 ðsyðkh ðsy`ðd Yð}dfvh¾vh vhkf vbpy}a`b}
lhyf}if`h}+
Hsbskib Dm}s Mb} Jb}hdhyfkih Yð}dfvh¾ihdf vþkhyfafk mbasw
jb}hdhy hyyffkh f`fdfk ih þkha`f dxdx`b} ah~cxyyx}+ Mx jb}hdhyfk
vbp`bmf`ahsf fìfk Dm}s¾yb v``b}cb af`fs jb}hdhyfkf *Dm}s Aðcbjfy`h}fkf&
jbw}`bvbk Yð}d Sf`bj` Dx~~hy`h}fkfk mf} ahksxmxkibk þ}hkiffa x
mf`lf`h}fk yhvfy hif`ahsf, vbdk yb}fjfafw dekxsxkib þkha`f d yxybcbdy}+
Sf`bj` Dx~~hy`h}fafw mhd`hkahvhk mf} ix}xa db}skib lh}hd`f
jbw}`d`b} vbpab lþ}h~fkf e lðk`h}ih dekyx} lh}f``b e`b}bd ìed yb}y`bk
mf} þwh` mf}`fd b}bc`v`b vbpve}ax+ Deky} *vb ib Dekyx}& Lh}f``b e`b}bdmf`fkhk vbsb` ix}xax mf`fkahvhk mx iðwhk`hah, 26<?¾`h}fk sfvbsf`h}fkfk
hk ìed dekxyxd`b} dekxvix ~h jb`dk mðvðd mf} dsa ib mxkx mf} yð}`ð
db~}bvbabay+ Mþv`h mf} dx}x`xxk e`xxkxk ie}x e`xp e`abik
faif`fd sfvbsf yb}fjìf`h}h m}bdb`a+ Bkcbd, mx Dekyx} Lh}f``bv ib hk ìed
yhkdfy hihk Mð`hky Hch~fy¾yf+ Jb}hdhyyhk þkch Dekyx} Lh}f``b Dm}s¾yb ìed
sbvib af`fs hfyyf *sbv`b}kk 28+??? e`ixx sþv`hkfve}ix&4 bcf`
ix}xa`b}ib dþh mb`b}k kbs` yxybmf`hchd`h}f þ}hyf`if+ Mx jb}hdhyfk
fìfkih e`bk vbdk ybkia mf} sxmbv e lðk`h}ihdf lh`fahv`h f`lf`f xk`b}
bk`byy7
Mbmbdbk Mð`hky Hch~fy, klf`yh}h¾vh lfifp jb}hdhy fìfk fcbwhy
b}bikib, Yð}d E}ixsx bibvb ìdabd fìfk jb}hdhyf mb`byay+ Mð`hky
Hch~fy e`xasxw ch~bp b`b}bd Yð}dfvh¾vh iþkðp lh`iffkih, deaxybk`b}
eibskb ìb}b}bd, faif kh vbpbcbw ifvh se}ixxkib, deaxybk`b} ³Mbmbdbka x bkib yða jbw}`d`b} ybaba`bkay}¹¹ vbkyk b`ay}+
Mð`hky Hch~fy bdk`k lfw`hvhahvh}hd kbs` vbkf, e}bib dþp} ðmbk
e`xyx}abibk a aðibjb`hvh db`dve}xw ifvh se}ixxkib, vhydf`f
sxmbv, ³Sbvk Mbmbdbka, v``b}cb yhkdfy hyyffkfw Dekyx} Lh}f``b mx
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dþp} ðmb`b}k mfwfa fìfk jbw}`bay vbkyk ~h}fve} *yhvfy fìfk dhdh e
lðkðk vhydf`f deaxybk`b}kk mf`lfsfkh mb~x}x`bmf`sh&+ Mx sek pb}bl}bnyb
~h}f`hk mf`lfkfk axjbddbd yhvfy hif`ahsf lh}hdf}+ Ìðkdð kh}hihvsh sek 3
ìhv}hd bs}i} ~h}hmf`iffafw mbasw, dff`fd`f yhd db}b}k ib mf} yep
vhdôk xw`bab sb`bkbk mf} jðdðahy db}b} e`abab e`bs`k þ}hkah
ih mx yep`xab ìed hv dbwbki}bmf`f} ifvh iððkðve}xa+
Yð}dfvh db}kk ievx}abd fìfk mðvðd ðafy`h} mb`bi LB_ *Lðkhv
Bkbie`x _}eghsf&¾ib Bybyð}d Mb}bgkk vbpakb BMI ~h BM fiihy`h db}
ìdy ~h BMI, ³dfa d}hif ~h}f}sh e ih~`hyh vbpy}a xvlx`bvbcba¹ ifvh
yða iðkvbv yhjify hyyf ~h Yð}dfvh¾vf ab`f e`b}bd sdy}i+ Yð}dfvh dhkife`bkbd`b} f`h mb}bg mfyf}if4 bkcbd iðkvbib sbihch mf}dbì vbmbkc
nf}abkk vbpbmf`iff :?? yek`xd sb~bd dbpbk fyjb` hyahvh vh`yhkfkch,
sy}byhgfd iesyxaxw *"&, yhd}b} ih~}hvh lf}h}hd, ³dfa df mx dbpbd`b}
Yð}dfvh¾vh fab` hih}hd lþkih}f}sh ekb hdekeafd bamb}le xvlx`b}a¹
ifvh yhjify hyyf+ Mx dbpbd`b} sekxkib Lbwfbkyhp`f xsyb`b}aw yb}bnkibk
fab` hif`if ~h vh}`h}fkh ybd`i4 hk bw mx ð} ðk mbdakibk mbykk
aekepe`ð ih d}`a e`ix+
BM ~h þwh``fd`h BMI, Yð}dfvh¾vf sevbk fmf}`fdìf mð}ed}by`b}b,
Yð}dfvh¾vf sfksf sfksf h}fby ih~`hyfkh ìh~f}ahvf babì`bvbk bda`b}b ~h
dff`h}h jha ihsyhd ~h}if jha ih de``b}k bìy4 ek`b} de}xix ~h
ihahd`hsfk d`c lfmf ðsyðaðwih yxyx`abskb ihsyhd sb`bi+ Vhyahif,
Yð}dfvh¾ih mfk mf} hahd`h edxyyxxaxw hk vhyhkhd`f lhkì`h}f
se}lx`babibk ð`dhsfkh ìb}b}bd Yð}dfvh¾kfk mf`fash` peybksfvh`fkf *dhwbmf}ìed mbdb ð`dhkfk ih& wbvn`byy4 mhvfk lþìðkh lh}hd`f jh} yð}`ð ihsyhf
~h}if ~h ~h}ahdyh+
Yð}dfvh¾kfk mbkb mh`b e`bk _DD yh}þ}fsy`h}fkfk h`fkihdf aeih}k
sf`bj`b}k 2?+???`h}chsfkfk Bah}fdbk sf`bj e`ixx yhspfy hif`if4 ibibdf
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3?
yh}þ}fsy`h}h jh`fdepyh}`h vb}ia pbdhy`h}f byb}dhk neye}bn`b} ìhdf`if+ faif
Yð}dfvh¾vh ihsyhd ~h}fve} lfmf lþ} ðkðve}sb axjbddbd mf} jhsbp ~b}i}4
jh`h x }bk ahsh`hsfkf mf} lþ}h`fa¤ Hsbskib mfw lþ}hchd`h}fafwf
lþ}iðd4 bab bk`babid4 ìed xwbdyb ihf` fdf v` þkch vbp`bk mbw
wfvb}hy`h}ihk ìed þkha`f sekxì`b} ìdb}abd aðadðk4 ybmff mx sekxì`b}
ìdb}bmf`ahd fìfk f`d e`b}bd mfby dð`yð} ðkihk dx}yx`ax e`abd4
lþw`h}fafwfk þkðkihdf ph}ihvf db`i}a e`abaw lh}hdfve}+ Mx,
bk`bvbk`b} fìfk lþw bìbk e`bv khvif5 Mbdb`a"
Bah}fdb Mf}`hfd Ih~`hy`h}f Mbdbk Lhe}lh \+ Mxsj, KBYE Wf}~hsf
fìfk Yð}dfvh¾vh lh`iff yb}fj *=:!=6 Jbwf}bk =??9¾ih&, Yð}dfvh¾kfk B~}xpbMf}`ffkh lf}fp lf}hahvhchf jhkðw mh``f e`abvbk ~h B~}xpb¾kk þkih
lh`hk ð`dh`h}fkfk mbdbk`b}kk, Yð}dfvh¾vf ifk, mðvðd`ðd ~h sesvb` lh}f`fd
khihkfv`h fì`h}fkh b`babvbcb4 sbihch þwh` sybyð ~h}hmf`hchd`h}fkf bìd
bìd if`h lhyf}ifd`h}f mf} yb}fjyf+ Mx wfvb}hyfk Yð}dfvh¾vh ihsyhd fìfk
e`abi, E}yb Iex se}xk`b} f`h f`lf`f e`ixx sek}b bk`b`i+ Mx wfvb}hy`h
mb`bvbk e`bv`b} vbdk yb}fjfafwh d yxybcbd kfyh`fdyh lþ} ðkahdyhif}+
Lh}ìf Yð}dfvh mx yfp fdfkcf skn axbah`hvh b`dy+ Mðvðd
nhibdí}`d`b}`b, ìed mðvðd mf} mbb}va lfmf lþsyh}f`hk KBYE¾vb
lf}ffafw ih þwðkih ekx} d}ci}+ KBYE þwðkih deaðkfwah, ibjb
ie}xsx Se~vhy`h} Mf}`ffkh db} dx}x`ax mf} fyyfnbdy+ Mf}`ffk yhah`
bk`babskib þv`h mf} key iðð`aðyð+ Mf} KBYE ð`dhsfkh vbp`bk
sb`i} ifh}`h}fkh vbp`a sbv`}+ Bkcbd, Yð}dfvh lf}ifdyhk sek}b ³dbkby
ð`dh`h}f¹ ifvh ybka`bab ìdy+ Mxkxk bì`a xvix, hh} Se~vhy`h} Mf}`ffbkf mf} sb`i}vb lhìh}sh, h`fy KBYE ð`dh`h}fkh wbabk dbwbki}ab fìfk, mx
sb`i}v f`d þk`hvhchd ð`dh`h} dbkby ð`dh`h}f e`bcbdy}+ Ìðkdð Dw` E}ix
jb}hdhyh lhìyffkih, mx jb}hdhyfk f`d ix}ix}x`bmf`hchf vh}fk ]hk Khj}f
*N}bksb¾vb mf}dbì 2? df`eahy}h vbdkib& e`bcb iððkð`ðve}ix+ Vbkf
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32
B`abkvb¾kk vðwih 6?¾ mf`h mx f`d sb`i}ib flb` hif`fve}ix+ Ke}~hì,
Yð}dfvh lfmf ð`dh`h} dbkby ð`dh`h} e`b}bd ybka`bkay+ Khihkf ih mf}fa
b`bk mbkb iðhk biba sbv`b} mx ð`dh`h}ih bw e`ixx fìfk, wbvfby ibjb
bw e`sxk ifvh mþv`h mf} p`bk vbp`a+ Sekxkib bk`b`i df, mx
bk`babkk yhah`fkih, dbkby ð`dh`h}h vbp`bcbd sb`i}`b} yepvhdôk mf}
db} devabkk khihkf ih sbv`ave}ax+ Mx ð`dh`h}h sb`i}`b}ib jfìmf}
sx}hy`h byea mb`d` meamb`b}`b sb~xkab vbp`abvbcbda+ Vbkf
Yð}dfvh mbykk gbkib}abs e`b}bd mx bk`babvb b`ka+ Jha ih kbs`5
Yða e}ix`b}k KBYE ha}fkh ~h}h}hd+ Ibjb sek}b Hlh se}xkx ìdkcb,
Yð}dfvh mbasw jb}hdhy hihchd 9+ E}ixvx *Hlh E}ixsxkx& dx}abd
we}xkib db`i+ Gbkib}ab`d lþ}h~fkf vbpy a5 Vbpy ifvhmf`f}fw+ E
iþkhaih deax`b}awibk jfìmf} cfiif yhjify e`ababskb db}k,
iðkvbkk hk mðvðd mf}dbì e}ixsxkibk mf}fkf mhs`hifd *mxlðk jb`b þv`h&,
mþv`hch sh~lf`f iesyxaxw Bah}fdb ~h mby ð`dh`h}fkh lhch`h}f }bjby
xvxab n}sbyk vb}byyd+ Ibjb sek}b ib Bnlbkfsybk¾ibk Sxibk¾b kh}hih
mf} ìdb} ìbyabs e`ixvsb, mbykk gbkib}abs e`b}bd e}bib e`ixd+
Yð
}dìhihdf x þwihvf, jh} kh dbib} ð
`dhafwihdf mf} l}xp fksbk fìfksþv`hkafsh ih, mx þwihvff mfwfa jhpfafw fìfk lhìh}`f e`bcbb mhkwfve}7
³ B`h~h}h ib`b~h}h, Dð}y Ahjahy Kþmhyh¹+ Dhkifsfkh sbvls e`abvbk
mbdbskibk kfvh sbvl mhd`h}5
Mxsj, mðvðy ybkybkb`b}`b ~h hk ðsy iðwhv de}xabv`b sybkmx`¾b fkif,
bkcbd f`d wfvb}hyf jh}jbklf mf} Yð}d dx}x`xx e`abi+ Dhkifsf Db`~fkfsy
e`abskb db}k, mhk f`d e`b}bd E}yeieds _by}fdjbkhsfkf wfvb}hy hihchfa
ihif ~h þv`h ih vbpy+ _by}fdjbkhkfk mf} hdðahky`fd e`bcbk bìd bìd
að gih`hif+ Vbkf ibjb Yð}d abdba`b} f`h yhabsb lhìahihk, Yð}dfvh¾kfk
lþmhfkih, Yð}d vbsb`b}kibk mbasw e`bcbd, dhkif jxdxdxkb sbjfp,
vbkf vhkf mf} ^byfdbk¾k dx}x`xxkx J}fsyfvbk iðkvbskb að gih`hif+
Yð}dfvh¾ihk ~h ifh} s`ba ð`dh`h}fkihk ³ysss¹ ved+ Mxkxk`b vhyfkahif,
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3=
Jhvmh`fbib }xjmbk edx`xkxk ih}jb` bì`absk yb`hp hyyf4 mxkxk`b ib
vhyfkahif Dxwhv F}bd vþkhyfa`f f`h sfvbsf yhabs dx}abaw þkh}if+ _DD
f`h aðcbih`hih bìd bìd ihsyhd sþwð ih ~h}ahif+ Mxsj, lþwðaðwðk
fìfkh mbdb mbdb Yð}dfvh¾kfk mbkb mh`b sb}ve}ix4 bkcbd mfby
dð`yð} ðkihk lh`hk`h} jð}ahyyh dxsx} hyahah`fvif4 hyahif`h} ih+
Mx}bvb dbib} e`bk`b} Yð}dfvh fìfk b``blh`af dbwd`bkab`b}i4
ie`bvsv`b nbw`b b}abid+ Bkcbd mx wfvb}hyf fw`hvhk mf}dbì lðk
fìh}fsfkih, yba ib B~}xpb``b}k Yð}dfvh¾vf i`babd fìfk bìd`bab`b}
vbpy lðk`h}h ihkd lh`hk mf} yb}fjyh, ]xsvb Mbdbk ^`bifaf} _xyfk
ìdblh`if *9 B}b`d =??9&+ Vhf`dþv Jb~bb`bkkb fkh} fkahw, lbwhyhcf`h} x se}xvx se}ix`b}7 _by}fdjbkhvf wfvb}hy hihchd afsfkfw5 Dhkifsf ih mf}
E}yeieds e`bk _xyfk, e}bs kh}hsf, mhk þv`h mf} vh} ybkave}xa ifvh,
sybkmx` Nhkh} _by}fdjbkhsfkf lþ}ahahw`fdyhk lh`if, ibjb ie}xsx
hdðahky`fd } ðvbskb mðvðd mf} ib}mh ~x}ix4 mx Yð}dfvh¾vh ~h}f`af þkha`f
mf} ihsyhdyf+ _xyfk, mxkxk`b ib vhyfkahif, Bkdb}b¾ib h`fkf
Cxajx}mbdbkaw Bjahy Khcihy Shwh}¾fk eawxkb byb}bd, yða iðkvb
mbsk þkðkih x sþw`h}f bìd bìd mhvbk hyyf7 Yð}dfvh mfwfa sy}byhgfd
iesyxaxwix} ~h jhp þv`h ih db`bcbdy}+ Mfw jh} wbabk Yð}dfvh f`h vbdk
f`fdf`h}fk e`absk b}wx hifve}xw+ Mx mbyvb ~h}f`af hk þkha`f vbky ~h
Yð}dfvh¾vh ~h}f`af hk mðvðd ihsyhdyf+ B~}xpb¾kk db}b} ~h}ahsfkh ðì lðk
db`b, ih~ ]xsvb¾kk Yð}dfvh¾vh bìd bìd ihsyhf lþw b}i hif`hahwif+
B~}xpb jhahk ìb}d hyyf ~h Yð}dfvh f`h aðwbdh}h`h}h lf}f`ahsfkh db}b}
~h}if+ Mfwfa sfvbshyìf`h}fafw ih ²n}sby dbì}abibk! mx ìb}d hyahvf dhkif
mbb}`b}va lfmf sxkix`b}+ Dx}yx`x sb~bkibk sek}b ~h}f`af hk
mðvðd ihsyhdyf+ Bkcbd mxkibk sek}b e`bk`b} Yð}dfvh¾kfk ahivbsk ib
ybkab bìskibk sek ih}hch þkha`fif}+
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_xyfk¾fk Bkdb}b¾v wfvb}hy hyyff lðk, Yð}dfvh¾ihdf yh`h~fwvek`b}k
vbvk`b}k mf} fkch`hahvh b`b`a+ Mf} ð`dhkfk mbdbk ifh} mf} ð`dhvf
wfvb}hy hyyffkih, fdf ð`dhkfk lhìafyhdf fvf f`fdf`h}f if`h lhyf}f`f}4 lh`hchdyhdf
f`fdf`h}fkfk vb}b}`b} bk`by`}4 vhahd`h}fkihk, ne`d`e}xkibk, aðwffkihk
mbjshif`f}, vbkf dx}b` e`b}bd jhp fvf hv`h}ihk mbjshif`f}+ Bkcbd, e lðk
yh`h~fwvek`b} shv}hihk ~h shv}hyyffkf bk`bvbk`b} ed e`ab`+ Vbmbkc
bi`b Yð}dìh vbvk vbpbk yh`h~fwvekxk mf}f, Xd}bvkb¾v bk`byve} ~h vhkf
shìf`hk mbdbkkk kbs` ]xs vbk` ihf` ih mby vbk`s mf}f e`b}bd
shìf`iffkf mb``bki}b mb``bki}b bk`byve} ~h sbkdf mx aðibjb`hvf Yð}dfvh
vbpa lfmf mf} lþ} ðkyð ~h}fve}ix+ Cbk sd`bk mf}f, vfkh vbmbkc bi`
Yð}dìh vbvk vbpbk mbdb mf} dbkb`b lhìyffkih, ]xsvb¾kk Sfmf}vb¾ib
B`abk`b} ~h Yð}d`h}f kbs` þ`ið}iððkð hk ~bjf hdf`ih lþ} ðkyð`h}`h
shvf}cfvh x`by}ikb ybkd e`xve}ix4 mx fjbkhyh ibjb nbw`b ybjbaað`
hihahvhk mf}f mbdb mf} dbkb`b lhìyffkih ih Lð}cfsybk¾ib shìf`hk
]xsvb vbk`s mbdbkk, Bah}fdb¾kk we}`babsv`b kbs` b`bb
hif`iffkf, ]xsvb vbk`s =?+??? pe`fsfk kbs` hydf sfw jb`h lhyf}f`iffkf ~h
Bah}fdbk vbk`s vhkf mbdbkk kbs` mbb lhìf}f`iffkf mb``bki}bmb``bki}b bk`byyk lþ}hchdyf+ Db`i df, vhkf mbdbk lh`f} lh`ahw,
Lð}cfsybk mbv}bkb mf} jbì sfalhsf vh}`hyf}if ~h Lð}cfsybk¾k dxwhvfkh
vbkf lðkhv Eshyvb¾vb mf} Bah}fdbk mf}`ffkfk vh}`hahsf fìfk fwfk ~h}if+ Mx
vh}`hyf}f`hk mf}`fd þwðkih Yð}dfvh¾kfk sy}byhgfd þkhafkh mðvðd mf}
ib}mhvif+ Mx yh`h~fwvek dbkb` khihk mbv}ba vbpve}ix bk`bvbk mh}f
lh`sfk5 Mðyðk mx vbvk e}lbk`b}k fmf}`fdìf ~h sby`a e`b}bd iððkhk
mf}f, ieb` e`b}bd af``f dbkb``b}awb vþkh`hchdyf+ Mhk ih þv`h vbpya+Dxabkibv Y]Y¾vh wfp`hifa+ Y]Y, x bkib yba jby}`bave}xa, bkcbd
Dekvb Spe}!Ìe}xa Spe} lfmf, fdfkcf ih}hchihk ybda`b}k db}`babsk
~h}fve}ix4 ibjb sek}b ib mf} ìecxd p}el}ba devix+ E wbabk bk`bia df
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Yð}dfvh¾kfk ff ìed we}+ Bybyð}d¾ðk lhkì`fh jfybmhyfkih vbw` e`ixx lfmf
yh}sbkh`h}f flb` hif`af+
Mðyðk mx bk`byyd`b}aw þwðkih vhkf mf} hv ihf`if, Yð}dfvh mxlðk
ìed dffkfk bv}kysk mf`ahiff ìed ibjb ekx} d}c ib~}bk`b}b
axjbybp e`axyx+ Þwðkih ph}hamhkfk lh`ff ìb}bambibk mh``fvif4
bkcbd bk`bvbk`b} fìfk+ 26>?¾`b}k iðkvb ~h þwh``fd`h Yð}dfvh yb}fjfkf
mh`f}`hvhk fdf e`bv ib bk`byabd ~h bk`babd lh}hdfve}+
]hgfafkf mhkfashshd ih mhkfashahshd ih jh} wbabk mf}`fdyh
vbbvbcbaw deaxaxw Se~vhy Sesvb`fsy Cxajx}fvhy`h}fkfk ðwh}fkih,
pb}`bahkyeaxwxk ~h jbyyb mðvðd mf} e`bs`d`b mbdbk`b}awk mf`h jbmh}f
e`abibk, Yð}dfvh ðwh}fkihk db`dbk Bah}fdb¾kk X!= e`b}bd mf`fkhk
xìbd`b} ìed vðdshd`h}ihk xìb}bd cbsxs`xd vbpy`b}+ Sekxkib SSCM,
mf}fkf *2 Abvs 26>?¾yb& mf} n ðwh f`h vh}h fkif}fkch Yð}dfvh¾kfk ibjb
ie}xsx Yð}dfvh¾vf fib}h hyyff ~b}sbv`bk fksbk`b}k afsvekx iðkvbvb
ihfn}h e`ix+
Vhyahif" Se~vhy Sesvb`fsy Cxajx}fvhyf Bah}fdb¾vblð~hkf`ahvhchfkf bk`bi fìfk Dðmb f`h sy}byhgfd fmf}`ff ìh}ìh~hsfkih,
Bah}fdb¾kk Dðmb¾vb sb`i}i *ibjb ie}xsx 2686 v`kib Ieaxw`b}
Dþ}nhwf e`b}bd mf`fkhk mbb}sw ìdb}abs& lh}ìhfkf ih lþw þkðkh
b`b}bd, n ðwh }bapb`b} dx}abvb mb`bi *26>= v`&4 ìed lh}lfk mf} e}yba
e`xyx4 Se~vhy`h} mbdbk Kfdfyb Sh}lhvh~fì D}xìh~ bvbddbmsk
ìdb}b}bd Mf}`haf Af``hy`h}fk dð}sðsðkh ~x}ix+ Bah}fdb == Hdfa 26>=
yb}fjfkih Dðmb¾v bm`xdbvb b`abvb mb`bi+ Se~vhy bsdh}f lhaf`h}f
Dðmb¾vb ie}x bamb}levx ih`ahd fìfk ve` b`abvb mb`bi4 Bah}fdb
ihkfw dx~~hy`h}f Se~vhy`h}fk bsdh}f lhaf`h}fkfk þkðkð dhsahvh db`dy4
sekxkib iðkvb kðd`hh} mf} sb~bk hffkh lh`if+ Mf}ihk mf}h mx
bbabib mf} bk`bab e`ix4 Se~vhy lhaf`h}f lh}f ìhdf`if+ Dsb mf} wbabk
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sek}b ix}xa bk`b`i+ D}xch~, =< Hdfa 26>=¾ih Dhkkhiv¾h lþkih}iff
ahdyxpyb, ³BMI¾kfk Yð}dfvh¾ihdf mhkwh} n ðwh`h}f sþdahsf jb`fkih *BMI
26>? v`kib Yð}dfvh¾vh Gðpfyh} n ðwh`h}f vh}`hyf}afyf& SSCM¾kfk ih
Dðmb¾ibdf`h}f sþdhchfkf¹, mh`f}yfve}ix+
Ahh} Bah}fdb, fmf}`fdìf Yð}d vþkhyfcf`h}f jb}fì, jfì dfashkfk jbyyb
ahc`fsfk mf`h jbmh}f e`abibk, xwbk wbabkibk mh}f, deaxaxw Se~vhy`h}f
~x}bcbd byea meamb`b}k Yð}dfvh¾kfk mf}ìed vh}fkh vh}`hyf}af+ Bah}fdb
mx n ðwh`h}f, Dðmb¾vb kðd`hh} sf`bj sh~dfkf ix}ix}x}sb, lh}fvh ìhdhchfkf
ybbjjðy hifve}+ Yð}dfvh jb`dkk mxk`b}k jfì mf}fkihk jbmh}f ved ybmff¤
Sekxkib mby lbwhyh`h}fkfk mf}fkih ix}xa vbvk`bkkcb,Yð
}d jb`d ibþ}hkaf e`xve} *bkcbd mxlðk jb`b mxkxk kh bk`bab lh`fp lh`ahiffkf
bk`bvp bk`babi ib yb}yab`&+ Sek ih}hch ekx} d}c mf} ix}xa
e}ybvb ìdve}+ E lðk`h}ih lþwih afwbj ih}lfsf e`bk *lb`fmb& Bdmbmb
Ih}lfsf mf} db}fdbyð} vbvk`ve}+ Ðwh}`h}fkih BMI ~h SSCM vbwbk fdf
yðccb} h``h}fkf xwbya sd mf} hdf`ih pbwb}`d vbpve}`b}4 b}b`b}kib
Yð}dfvh vbw`bk mf} devxk ib ah` ah` mbdve}¤
V``b}cb þwlð} iðkvbkk d`c!db`dbk ~h ihaed}bsfkfk
vhyfyf}f`ahdyh e`bk kbifih ìfìhf e`b}bd iðkvbvb ybdifa hif`hk Yð}dfvh,
B~}xpb ~h mby dbp`b}kk þkðkih if`hkcf lfmf mhd`hyf`fp, jh} n}sbyyb
bb`bk}dhk4 BMI¾kfk iesy`b} e`abi fìfk mf} wbabk`b}k dðìðd
lþ} ðkhk, dðìðashkhk @hyekvb, @fy~bkvb, Hsyekvb, _e`bkvb, Ìhd
Cxajx}fvhy`h}f, S`e~bdvb, ]eabkvb ~h Mx`lb}fsybk, Se~vhy`h} Mf}`ff
vd`} vd`abw mf} db`haih BM fìfkh b`kp ekx}h hif`f}dhk, v``b}cb mbyiðkvbskk d`ck sb~x}ax Yð}dfvh, mx ð`dh`h}fk ev`b}kb axjybì jb`h
lhyf}f`if+ Sh~lf`f sy}byhgfd iesyxaxw BMI ~h B~}xpb ð`dh`h}f, KBYE¾vb lf}f
yb}fjfafw e`bk 268? v`kibk mx vbkb, mf} vh}`h}h sb`i}abd fìfk dþp} ðmb
e`xyx}bcbd e}lbkfwbsvek`b} jb}fì, mbykk jfìmf} xvlb}`d p}eghsfkh vb ib
mf}`ffkh dby`bmf`hchd yb}wib mx ihh}`f e}ybk jbw}`ba ~h
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3>
mhkfashaf ihf`+ Mx lhkh` abkyd bìskibk Yð}dfvh¾kfk mf} dbvmi}4
bkcbd mbykk ib mf} bvmi}+ Bkcbd, mby, db}skib xybkbcbd vb ib
dhkifkf xybki}bcbd mf} vþkhyfa *ihaed}bsfv`h fib}h hif`iffafwh lþ}h
mxk`b} ihh}`hkif}hchd mf} yep`xa"& lþ}hahiff fìfk, b}sw b}sw s}yabvb
ih~ba hifve}¤
³Hhd hk nbw`b ðì ihnb ìbax}b mbyb}¹ bybsþwðaðw bcbmb kfvh
sþv`hkaf5
_}en+ I}+ B`f Ihaf}sev
Jbchyyhph Ðkf~h}sfyhsf
$$$
Gejksek Ahdyxmx *yba&
³\bsjfklyek7 8 Jbwf}bk 26>9
Sbvk Mbv Mbmbdbk *kþkð&,
Yð}dfvh Jðdðahyfkfk, Dm}s¾k mf} dsakk bsdh}f dx~~hy`h flb`
hyahd ðwh}h aðibjb`hih mx`xkabvb db}b} ~h}ahvf ybsb}`bikw
jbddkib Mðvðdh`ìf Jb}h ~bsybsv`b sfwihk ~h If`h}f Mbdbkkwibk
b`ia jbmh} mhkf cfiif sx}hyyh hkifhvh sh~d hyahdyhif}+ Hk iesybkh
~h bìd hdf`ih mh`f}yahd fsyh}fa df lhkf ìbpyb khyfch`h} yh~`fy hihmf`hchd
mþv`h mf} jb}hdhyfk Yð}dfvh yb}bnkibk ybdfp hif`ahsfkf, Jðdðahyfkfwfk
mfwfa`h h~~h`ihk yba mf} fsyfb}hih mx`xkabd jxsxsxkibdf ybbjjðið f`h
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3<
dbmf`f yh`fn biihyafve}xa+ Mðvðdh`ìf Jb}h, lþ} ð`h}faf þ}hkahd ðwh}h
mf}dbì sbby yhjf} hyaf e`ixxkxwx mbkb mf`if}if+
V``b} mevx Yð}dfvh¾vf hk sb`ba hdf`ih ihsyhd`hiffkf fspby hyaf
e`bk Bah}fdb lfmf mf} aðyyhnfdfk, mx hdf`ih khyfch`h}h e`bk yhd yb}bn` mf}
db}b}`b db} db}vb m}bd`abskk, Jðdðahyfkfw mbdakibk ie}x
e`ixxkb jbdfdbyhk fkbkp fkbkabikw sfwihk se}b}ia+ Mfkbhkb`hvj,
mþv`h mf} jb}hdhyh yh~hssð` hyahihk þkch Mf}`hfd Bah}fdb
Ih~`hy`h}f f`h yba fsyfb}hih mx`xkabd ahsx`fvhyfkf dbmx` hyahkfwf
jbssbyhk }fcb hyahd ahcmx}fvhyfkihvfa+
26>? yb}fj`f Lb}bkyf Bky`babs bjdía lh}hfkch mþv`h mf}
aðibjb`hkfk cbfw e`ixx dbkbbyfkih mx`xkixxkxw fkyfmbkibva+
Mxkxk`b mh}bmh} Yð}dfvh¾kfk axybsb~~h} aðibjb`hsfkfk, Lb}bkyf
Bky`babs yb}bnkibk sb}bjbyhk ahk hif`hk mf} jb` sx}hyf e`bk ybd~faf
lh}ìhd`hyf}ah lbvhsfkh abyxn e`bcb ve`xkibdf bk`bvawb ifddbyfkfwf
ìhdahd we}xkibva+ Bv}cb, sþw dekxsx Bky`bab yhafkbyì
ih~`hy`h}b}bskib fsyfb}hvf lh}hdyf}ahdyhif}+ Mf}`hfd Bah}fdb mx
ix}xaib, yhd yb}bn` jb}hdhyh lhìah jbddkk jhkð
w dbmf`f yh`fn e`abidbkbbyfkihif}+ Ifh} yb}bnybk, Mbv Mbmbdbk, KBYE ~hcfmh`h}fkh ih
ifddby kbwb}kw ch`p hyahd ahcmx}fvhyfkihvfa+ Dm}s¾b ~bdf mf} Yð}d
aðibjb`hsfkfk Yð}d!Vxkbk dx~~hy`h}f b}bskib bsdh}f mf} ìbyabvb
aðkch} e`bcb jxsxsxkib wfjkfkfwih hk xnbd mf} yh}hiiðy e`abab`i}+
If`h}f Mbdbk *Ihbk& ]xsd @bjhv¾ih vbp`bk sek KBYE Mbdbk`b}
Dekshvf yep`bkyskib, Yð}dfvh f`h Vxkbkfsybk b}bskib mf} jb}mfk
³dh`fahkfk yba abkbsv`b iððkð`hahw¹ e`b}bd yh`bddf hif`ahsflh}hdyffkf mhvbk hyafyf+ KBYE¾vb f`yfjbd, hsbs fcbm e`b}bd, KBYE
aha`hdhy`h}fkfk mf}mf}`h}fv`h jb}p hyahvhchd`h}fk dbmx` hyahd ihahdyf}+
B`abkvb ~h N}bksb KBYE¾ib aðyyhnfd e`abd`b vðwv``d jxsxahy ~h
iðabk`d`b}k lþaað`h}if}4 bvk hvfk Vxkbkfsybk ~h Yð}dfvh¾ihk ih
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mhd`hkahsf lh}hdf}+ Bv}cb, Yð}dfvh yb}bnkibk Dm}s¾b vbp`bcbd bsdh}f
mf} aðibjb`h Se~vhy`h} Mf}`ffkfk ahsh`hvh ie}xibk ie}xvb
db}abskb ve` bìbmf`f}+ KBYE aðyyhnfd`h}fkfwfk yba }wb ~h ax~bnbdby`h}f
e`abibk Yð}dfvh¾kfk lf}fhchf mf} jb}hdhy khyfchsfkih e}ybv ìdbcbd mf}
Se~vhy aðibjb`hsfkh db} Yð}dfvh¾vf aðibnbb hyahd aðdh``hnfvhy`h}f
e`xp e`abik aðwbdh}h hyahd n}sbyk mx`aba e`ixd`b}k ybdif}
mxvx}bcbkw dbkbbyfkihvfa+
Ifh} yb}bnybk Mbv Mbmbdbk, mf} Mf}`haf Af``hy`h} ðvhsf e`b}bd
Yð}dfvh¾kfk ~hcfmh`h}f ie`bvsv`b ib hkifh ixvabdybva+ Mf}`haf
Af``hy`h} bibib sx`jx de}xabd fìfk dx~~hy yhafk hyafyf}+ Mx dx~~hy`h}fk
~bwfnhsf we} e`axyx}, nbdby lhìhk sek mf}dbì jbnyb wb}nkib, Bibibdf
fiihy jb}hdhy`h}fkfk bwb`y`abskib yhi}fcf mf} hdf`ih ax~bnnbd
e`ax`b}i}+ Mf}`haf Af``hy`h} B}bmx`xcxsx jhkðw ffkf mfyf}ahafyf}+ Jfì
ðpjha ved df, Mf}`haf Af``hy`h} ðvh`h}fkfk ìexk`xx, Mf}`haf
Af``hy`h} lbv}hy`h}fkf mb`yb`bvbcbd e`bk ~h mx we} ahsh`hvh Mf}`haf
af``hy`h} yb}bnkibk abdmx` ~h mb}ì mf} jb` yb}w mx`xkabskb vb}ia
hihmf`hchd jh}jbklf mf} ð
afih vdbcbd e`bkYð
}dfvh¾kfk yhd yb}bn`jb}hdhyfkh hk sh}y hdf`ih yhpdf lþsyh}hchdyf}+
Bvk wbabkib, Mbv Mbdbk, bsdh}f vb}ia sbjbskib Yð}dfvh ~h
Mf}`hfd ih~`hy`h} b}bskib ah~cxy fdf yb}bn` Bk`babvb ifddbyfkfwf
ìhdahd fsyh}fa+ Yð}dfvh f`h b}bawib ah~cxy Yhaaxw 269<
Bk`babskk F^¾ ðkcð abiihsf axcfmfkch, bsdh}f vb}iak
Jðdðahyfkfwfk, Mf}`hfd Ih~`hy`h}fk ax~bnbdbyfkf b`abs fcbp hyahdyhif}+
Jðdðahyfkfw, mx b}y ybabahk bk`ba mx`xkixxkx axjyh`fn ~hsf`h`h}`hMf}`hfd Ih~`hy`h}h mf`if}afyf}+ Ah~cxy b}y`b} ybjykib Yð}dfvh¾kfk Dm}s¾b
vbpbcb mf} aðibjb`hih Bah}fdb yb}bnkibk yhafk hif`af e`bk bsdh}f
ab`whahkfk dx``bk`abskb Mf}`hfd ih~`hy`h}fk ax~bnbdby hyahvhchfkf
sbafafvhyfa`h fnbih hyahd fsyh}fa+
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Axybsb~~h} *ybsb}`bkbk& Yð}d jb}hdhyfkfk nff`f khyfch`h}fkh lh`fkch,
mþv`h mf} jb}hdhyfk Dm}s bibs ðwh}fkih ek mfk`h}ch Dm}s` Yð}d¾ðk
dby`hif`ahsfkh ve` bìbmf`hchf dhvnfvhyfkh hk iesybkh mf} hdf`ih
ifddbyfkfwf ìhdahd ahcmx}fvhyfkf jfsshifve}xa+ Yb}bnkwibk mþv`h mf}
jb}hdhyh yh~hssð` hif`ahsf, fknfb`f axcfp e`bcbd ~h lf}fhchfkfw bsdh}f
jb}hdhyfk jfabvh hyahvh ìb`ykw dfash`h}fk phd ìexkxk fajbsk
þk`hahvh vhyh} ih}hchih aðhssf} e`abs fadíksw e`bcbdy}+ Mfk`haf
Af``hy`h} dx~~hy`h}fkfk ah~cxifvhyf mþv`h mf} nbcfbv þk`hvhahw+ Sþw`h}faf
phd nbw`b sh}y mx`bmf`f} ~h mfwfa, Dm}s ahsh`hsfkih Yð}dfvh¾kfk f`lfsfkh
db} mflbkh e`ixxaxwx iððkhmf`f}sfkfw+ Ix}xaxk mþv`h e`abik
sfwh yhafk hih}fa+ Lh}hd b`hkhk lh}hd jxsxsf e`b}bd, Dm}s Yð}d`h}fkfk
hakfvhyfkf sb`babdyb ~h Dm}s ahsh`hsfkfk kfjbf jb` yb}wkk dekxv`b
ie}xibk ie}xvb f`lf`f yb}bn`b}k }wbskb ibvbkabs jxsxsx ðwh}fkih
s}b} hyahdyh lbv}hy lþsyh}ifd+ Bah}fdb Mf}`hfd Ih~`hy`h}fkf sfwfk `hjfkfwh
vhyh} ih}hchih nbb`fvhy sb}n hyahiff jfssfkf ybabkw aðadðkið}+
Nbdby jh}jb`ih mf`f}sfkfw df pe`fyfdbaw Byfkb¾ib hk sh}y hdf`ih
fknfb`h ve` bìa *mfwfa b`hvjfafwh e}bib kð
abvf`h} vbp`a& ~h Bah}fdb Mf}`hfd Ih~`hy`h}f f`h Mbpfsdepes Abdb}fes b}bskib hsbs` mf}
xwbd`bab jxsx`h lhyf}f`afyf}+ Ibjb mf}dbì jbnyb þkch vbpyaw
lþ} ðah s}bskib If`h}f Mbdbkkwb ib sþv`hiffa lfmf, Yð}dfvh f`h
e`bk aðkbshmhy`h}fafwh ìed mðvðd ihh} ~h}fve}xw+ Sfwf dhkifsfv`h yhah`
ahknbby`h}fafw e`bk mðvðd mf} aðyyhnfd yh`bddf hyaffwif}+ Sfwfk lð~hk`fd
~h }hnbjkw Bah}fdb jb`d fìfk cfiif mf} b`bdb ah~wxx e`blh`af ~h mx
b`bdbaw hk p}byfd hdf``h}ih fnbihsfkf mx`axyx}+ Mfw ~h Sfw deaðkfsyiðkvbskk fjyf}bs`b}kb db} devabd ðwh}h mf}`fdyh iþ~ðyðd+ Mx yhsbkðy
mfwfa fìfk mðvðd mf} abkb fnbih hyahdyhif}+ Jðdðahyfkfw ~h jb`dkw fìfk
ih bvk ih}hchih mf} abkb ybik ðafy hih}fa+ Dm}s¾`b f`lf`f e`b}bd
Yð}d chabbyfkf yhj`fdhvh ab}xw m}bdbcbd jh}jbklf mf} jb` yb}wk
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9?
ihsyhd`hahvf iððkaðve}xw+ Kfjbf ìþwða ve`x mx`abvb ax~bnnbd
e`babid, wf}b mxkxk iðkvbibdf hk lf}fny ahsh`h`h}ihk mf}f e`ixx
bfdí}i}+ Nbdby Yð}dfvh ~h Dm}s` Yð}d`h}fk ahknbby`h}f dekxsxkib cfiif
hdf`ih b`bdbib} e`ixxaxw ~h b`bdbib} db`bcbaw jxsxsxkib sfwf
yhafk hyahd fsyh}fa+
Kfjbvhy Mbv Mbmbdbk, hk cfiif ahsh`hvf, jb}p a, sx`j ax
ahsh`hsfkf ~bwhyaf mx`xkxve}sxkxw+ Mx ahsh`h`h} Yð}dfvh ~h Mf}`hfd
Ih~`hy`h} b}skibdf fdf yb}bn` aðkbshmhy`h}fk ìed þyhsfkih lfihk
ahsh`h`h}if}+ Mxk`b}, sbihch Yð}dfvh ~h Vxkbkfsybk b}bskib mf} jb}mf
axjbddbd e`b}bd yh~`fy hyahd`h db`abvbcbd, nbdby Dm}s¾ b yhd yb}bn` mf}
aðibjb`hkfk iex}bcb, þkchihk dhsyf}f`hahvhk khyfch`h} shmhmfv`h,
ibjb lhkf ìbpyb axjbsbabyb *ìbyabvb& ve` bìbmf`hchdyf}+ Sfwfk
Yð}dfvh Jðdðahyfkfwfk Mbmbdbk e`b}bd ahsx`fvhyfkfw ~b}, mhkfa ih
Mf}`hfd Bah}fdb Mbdbk e`b}bd ahsx`fvhyfa ah~cxyyx}+ Mx shmhp`h, hk
iesybkh hdf`ih sfwh xkx mf`if}ahd fsyh}fa df, mfwfa`h vhkfihk ~h hk
lhkf þ`ìðih fsyfb}h hyahdsfwfk mþv`h mf} jb}hdhyh yh~hssð`
hyahvhchfkfwh ibf} mbkb yhafkby ~h}ahiffkfw ybdif}ih, ahsh`hkfklfw`f yxyx`abs jxsxsxkib Mðvðdh`ìf Jb}hh vbpykw yb`hmfkfwf dbmx`
hyahvhchd ~h KBYE Dekshvf f`h Mf}`haf Af``hy`h} Lð~hk`fd dekshvfkfk
bcf`hk yep`bkyvb ìb}`absk fsyhahd ahcmx}fvhyfkih db`bcba+ Mx
ahsh`h jbddkib sfwfk`h bjshk lþ} ðhmf`ahafwfk aðadðk e`absk
fsyh}ifa+ Abbyyhhssðn, ah~cxy Bkbvbsb jðdðahyfafwfk fcbm ie`bvsv`b,
Mf}`hfd Bah}fdb¾ibk bv}`bababdybva+ Yhnh}}xby` aðwbdh}h`h} fìfk sfw
mx}bvb lh`hmf`f}shkfw mxkx ahakxkfvhy`h db}`b}a+ Lhkh` mb} h~Dm}s ahsh`hsfkfk bd`sh`fah ~h sx`j ve`xv`b jb``f jxsxsxkib sfwfk`h
mhkfa ìed b} ahsx`fvhy ybabd e`ixxaxwx jfsshifve}xa+ Mx fyfmb}`b
b}bawib hk lhkf ~h hk sbafaf fsyfb}h`h}ih mx`xkxkcbvb dbib} sfwfk
~h ahs`hdyb`b}kwk ybsb}`bikw db}b} lh}f m}bdabkw }fcb hih}fa+
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