bernd heits aq-workshop bucharest, 01.-02. july 2008 planning of ambient air quality measurements...
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Planning of ambient air quality measurementsGeneral rules
The guideline is an application aid to everyone involved in the planning, performance or evaluation of ambient air quality measurements. The guideline can be used by clients and contractors alike as a reference, for example, for formulating requirement and performance specifications for the investigation of air quality.
Planning of ambient air quality measurementsGeneral rules
When applying the guideline and carrying out the measurement-planning tasks, basic knowledge in the following fields is useful:- assessment of air pollution and its effects- chemistry of air- measurement techniques in the field of trace
analysis- meteorology- statistics- quality assurance
Planning of ambient air quality measurementsGeneral rules
• Content of the task descriptionA specific task description is required in order to plan the
measurements. For the purposes of the guideline, the task is considered to be described with sufficient clarity if it allows stipulations to be made concerning the following points:
- air pollutants to be investigated,- assessment standards to be applied,- measurement techniques, including sampling,- measurement area and density of measuring sites or
measurement locations,- duration of an individual measurement, frequency and period of
measurement,- quality assurance,- evaluation and report.
If necessary, these points shall be discussed with the client to define further details.
Planning of ambient air quality measurementsGeneral rules
• Ambient air quality measurements in accordance with EU directives
• Investigation of the initial load
• Investigation of traffic-related air pollution in residential areas
• Investigations of air pollution to verify whether harmful effects on objects to be protected are anticipated
• Investigation of the temporal distribution of air quality characteristics at stipulated measurement locations
• Investigation of the spatial distribution of air quality characteristics in urban areas
• Investigation of the spatial distribution of air quality characteristics in areas remote from the source
• Investigation of air quality characteristics in cases of complaints
• Investigation of the proportions from a significant source in the spatial distribution of air quality characteristics within a given area
Planning of ambient air quality measurementsGeneral rules
Problem analysis1.1Content of the task description1.2Analysis of background information1.3Assessment of the results of the measurements1.4Measurement parameters, measurement area and
measurement period1.5Requirements on the results
Planning of ambient air quality measurementsGeneral rules
Organization2.1Project management2.2Personnel planning2.3Scheduling2.4Subcontracts
Planning of ambient air quality measurementsGeneral rules
Measurement techniques3.1Time resolution of the measurements3.2Performance characteristics3.3Standardization of the measuring procedure3.4Infrastructure for using measurement techniques3.5Data recording and documentation of the measurements
Planning of ambient air quality measurementsGeneral rules
Measurement strategy4.1Measurement locations4.2Measurement times4.3Sampling period4.4Duration of the measurement program4.5Supplementary measurements
Planning of ambient air quality measurementsGeneral rules
Evaluation5.1Producing measured values5.2Evaluation algorithms5.3Measurement uncertainty5.4Uncertainty of the result
Quality assurance
Reports
Planning of ambient air quality measurementsGeneral rules
The guideline is based on a catalogue of questions which have to be answered in the corresponding sections of measurement plans.The catalogue of questions can be used as a basis for the set up and structure of measurement plans.
Planning of ambient air quality measurementsGeneral rules
Problem analysis• What objective is to be achieved? • What background knowledge of the problem
is available?• How are the results of the measurements to
be assessed?• Which measurands are to be considered in
which measurement area and during which measurement period?
• What requirements are placed on the results?
Planning of ambient air quality measurementsGeneral rules
Organization • Who is the project leader and who is his/her
deputy?• What personnel (qualification) will be
assigned to which tasks in the course of the project?
• What is the schedule for the project performance?
• What quality assurance measures are planned for subcontracts in the course of the project?
Planning of ambient air quality measurementsGeneral rules
Measurement techniques• Will the required temporal resolution be
achieved with the measurement procedure?• Are the performance characteristics met with
regard to the task description?• Is a standardized measurement procedure
required for the measurement task?• Can the infrastructure for the measurements be
provided?• How will the measurement data be recorded
and documented?
Planning of ambient air quality measurementsGeneral rules
Measurement strategy • How will the measurement locations be
spatially distributed?• How will the measuring times be distributed?• Which sampling periods will be applied to
which air pollutants?• What is the duration of the measurement
program?• Will supplementary measurements be
required?
Planning of ambient air quality measurementsGeneral rules
Evaluation How will the measured values be determined? What evaluation algorithms will be used? How will measured values below the
detection limit be treated? How will measurement gaps be treated? How will outliers be treated? How will the measurement uncertainty be
determined? How will the uncertainty of the result be
determined?
Planning of ambient air quality measurementsGeneral rules
Quality assurance• What QA measures will be carried out?
Reports• What measurement reports will be
prepared and how will these be structured?
Planning of ambient air quality measurementsRules for planning traffic related air pollutants
Necessary informations:
Road geometry
Height and density of building
Building use
Traffic frequency and composition
Prevailing wind direction
Background pollution
Planning of ambient air quality measurementsRules for planning traffic related air pollutants
Characterization of the traffic sources• Average daily traffic density (DTV)• Daily and weekly traffic profile• Average traffic velocity• Jam content• Fleet composition• Destination/origin traffic, cold-start content
Planning of ambient air quality measurementsRules for planning traffic related air pollutants
Characterization of the traffic sources• Number of motorized two-wheel vehicles• Number of buses (Diesel, Gas)• Differentiation between heavy and light trucks• Effect of traffic lights and pedestrian crossings
Planning of ambient air quality measurementsRules for planning traffic related air pollutants
Characterization of local conditions Road or road section, intersection and square Width of the road, the individual carriageways,
the central reservation and sidewalks Gradient of the road or road section Geometry of building development (e.g. height
of buildings, closed or open building development, overhead development, gaps in buildings, etc.)
Crossroads, junctions
Planning of ambient air quality measurementsRules for planning traffic related air pollutants
Meteorological conditions Wind direction, wind velocity at
neighbouring measurement stations (possible frequency distribution)
Wind direction, wind velocity over roof top (optional)
Orientation of the road to the prevailing wind direction; position of the measuring site in the crossing area (impinging flow in the case of prevailing wind direction)
Planning of ambient air quality measurementsRules for planning traffic related air pollutants
Pollution situation
• Measurement results from neighbouring long-term measurement stations (with low traffic pollution)
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