bell-ringer 2/23/10 why do you think fdr wanted to stay out of the war? how could entering the war...

• Bell-Ringer 2/23/10

• Why do you think FDR wanted to stay out of the war? How could entering the war benefit the United States?

Claimed war with America inevitable, and that we were past a peace treaty deadline.

• Japanese wanted to “neutralize” American naval power near the Pacific.

• Japan was at war with China at the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor.

• The US and Japan began breaking off negotiations before the attack.

• After the United States cut off Japan’s oil and resource supply, they decided to use force to gain US resources and power.

Commander in charge of the attack.

Planned and Plotted the raid on Pearl Harbor.

The Morning of December 7, 1941

• Japanese planes attacked Pearl Harbor (in Oahu) just before 8 AM

• A second wave of attacks came at 8:55 AM• All attacks were over by 9:55 AM• Japanese planes headed back to Japan by 1:00 that

afternoon• USS Ward was the first to spot a Japanese midget

submarine, attacking and destroying it, hours before the air attack on Pearl Harbor

USS Arizona

• USS Arizona was hit ten minutes into the attack.

• The ship was literally ripped open from the sides

• 1,300 people die aboard the ship

• 1,177 of those people actually died inside the ship and sank with it

• Arizona burned for two days

USS Oklahoma• During

the attack Oklahoma was hit by a number of Japanese Type 91 aerial torpedoes

• It rapidly rolled over and sank with a loss of 400 crew members

• Live Story

USS West Virginia

• Ship was hit by at least nine torpedoes

• Crew members saved the ship from capsizing

USS California

• USS California was hit by torpedoes early in the attack

• Despite strong and durable design, the ship did not survive the attack

• The ship was raised in 1942

• Nearly a hundred of the ship’s crew were lost on December 7

The Aftermath

• 2403 Americans were killed in the attack• 1178 Americans were wounded• Five out of the eight battleships on Pearl

Harbor sunk and the remaining ships were damaged

• 188 American planes were destroyed• On December 7, Japan also attacked Hong

Kong, Guam, and Malaya

The forward superstructure and Number Two 14" gun turret of the sunken USS Arizona afire after the attack.

USS Maryland alongside the capsized USS Oklahoma.

Fire and smoke pour from the Arizona (right) and West Virginia (left).

USS Shaw explodes

US Enters WWII

• FDR requests that Congress to declare war with Japan on December 8, 1941

• Only one Congresswoman, Jeannette Rankin, voted against the war with Japan

• “I ask that the Congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by Japan on Sunday, December 7, 1941, a state of war has existed between the United States and the Japanese Empire.”

FDR’s Speech to Congress

Speculation

• There is speculation that President Roosevelt had knowledge of the attack before hand, and used it as a decoy to enter the US into the war and end the Depression WWII.

• Because of an 80% disapproval rate of the entering the war, it is said that FDR provoked Japan to attack Pearl Harbor.

• In later years this aroused many Americans that strongly believe in our government to question its’ motives.

American Plans For WWII

Germany: The most dangerous of the enemies and we would try to knock them out of the war.

Blitzkrieg: Lightning War

Japan: Use the Marines and Navy to fight a defensive war and when we gain an advantage “Island Hop” to Japan.

Fight to the death for the emperor

US. troops surrender to the Japanese in the Philippine Islands. The total of 11,500 Americans and Filipinos became POWs. POWs from Corregidor and Bataan were among the worst treated.

The Bataan Death March continues with Americans carrying comrades who have collapsed along the road from a total lack of food and water. Over 5,000 Americans died on the march which began April 10 and lasted six days for some and up to twelve days for others.

1942

Allied POWs with hands tied behind their backs pause during the Bataan Death March. About 76,000 prisoners including 12,000 Americans were forced on the 60 mile march under a blazing sun without food or water toward a new POW camp in the Philippines.

APRIL 1942

With only 450 feet of 'runway,' one of sixteen Army B-25 Mitchell bombers takes off from the deck of the USS HORNET on its way to take part in the first U.S. bombing raid on Japan.

April 18, 1942.

THE DOLITTLE RAID!!!!

Battle of Midway

One of the Turning Points

Description • June 4th, 1942

• Decisive naval battle of WWII

• Fought in the air and water:

Japan lost naval superiority in the Pacific.

Goals/Plans • Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto wanted to destroy

the U.S. Pacific Fleet’s aircraft carrier forces

• His plan was to knock down Midway’s defenses and then invade the other two small islands and make them Japanese air bases

• Yamamoto’s plan is to attack Midway on June 4th. That would force the Americans to battle with their fleet around the 7th

• From midway Japan could invade Hawaii.

Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto

• Commanded the combined fleet before the outbreak of he Pacific war

• Responsible for planning the attack on Pearl Harbor and most of the other operations during his time

• He said that it was his fault and his alone

• After Pearl Harbor: “I fear that we have awaken a sleeping giant.”

Admiral Chester W. Nimitz

• Commander of pacific fleet

• Led/directed forces at Midway

George Gay

• Only survivor of torpedo 8

• He watched the whole battle while floating out at sea

Mr. Gay

Hiryu(Hit and torpedoed)

Kaga(Sunk)

Akagi(Hit and torpedoed)

Soryu(Sunk)

Hornet

Enterprise

Yorktown(Towed and then

torpedoed)

United States vs. Japan

Japan• 4 carriers: 272

airplanes• 2 light carriers: 41

airplanes• 2 battleships (Yamato) • 5 cruisers • 8 destroyers • Transport/supply ships

United States• 3 carriers: 233

airplanes• 8 cruisers• 15 destroyers• 115 old planes on

Midway

What happened• Nagumo launched 108 planes for his first attack• The American fighters sent out to meet them

didn’t help much • Nagumo thought another air attack on Midway

would probably be necessary• Midway counterattacks: don’t do much damage

to them though and they dropped bombs too soon • Nagumo has to wait to regain fuel and for the rest

of his wave • The American air wave comes with torpedoes but

they do not succeed

• The Americans from the Task 16 and 17 take off• They hit the Japanese hard and while they were

refueling • The Akagi exploded • McClusky leads his squadron and attacks the

carrier Kaga, which sets on fire • Captain Leslie damages the carrier Soryu • The Hiryu sends out its airplanes, which hit the

Yorktown with 2 bombs, but then are all shot down

• Since the Yorktown has to reduce speed, the Japanese find it and torpedo it

• McClusky sends his planes out for the Hiryu

Statistics-Casualties

Japanese • Lost 4 fleet carriers• Lost 2,500 men

United States • Only lost 1 fleet

carrier• Lost 307 men

Results of BATTLE!!!

• United States victory

• Ended Japanese advance in the pacific Ocean

• THE TURNING POINT IN THE WAR.

A periscope photo of a torpedoed Japanese destroyer.

JUNE, 1942

Men and Supplies

European Theater 1942:• German attack on Stalingrad begins. It will be one of the turning points in the war.

• Allied invasion of North Africa begins in "Operation Torch“. The American gain a foothold in Europe.

• June 22,1941 Germany invaded.

• Hitler wanted Stalingrad because it carried Stalin’s name.

• Stalin turned it into a symbol of resistance.

• Snipers were common among the rubble.

• Russian slogan was, “Not a Step Back.”

• Under command of Vasily Chuikov.

• At least 13,000 Russian troops were executed or sent to labor camps for punishment.

The Red Army

• Commanded by Friedrich Paulus.

• Called the fighting on the street“Rattenkrieg” (rat-war).

• Pushed forward at all costs.

• Many soldiers died of frostbite.

• Only a quarter of the food promised was given out, soldiers were reduced to eating dead bodies.

• No medics wounded were left behind to die.

• German army advanced on Stalingrad.

• Before advance into the city Germans bombed city killed thousands.

• 80% of living space was destroyed.

• In November, after 3 months of fighting, Germans captured riverbank, and had 90% of the city.

• This divided Soviet troops into 2 pockets.• Soviets counter-attacked in the North hitting the

weak, poorly-trained Romanian army.• Broke Romanian line within a day.

• Soviet troops then formed ring around city trapping all enemy forces inside.

• Hitler declared that they wouldn’t leave the city.

• Called for supply of army by the Luftwaffe (failed miserably).

• German forces starved with little ammo.

• Soviets closed in and German forces surrendered on Feb 2, 1943

• Hunted with his grandfather when he was four and given a rifle at twelve.

• When war began he was 26.

• German sniper was sent to kill him. In the first day 2 soviet snipers were killed by this new sniper.

• Vassily had 225 kills by the end of battle.

While the Allied troops fought in Africa, FDR held a conference in Casablanca, Morocco on 1943 and decided: