behaviorism: intrinsic & extrinsic motivation motivation and learning styles

BEHAVIORISM:INTRINSIC & EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION

Motivation and learning styles

Objectives

• Understand the basic idea of Behaviorism

• Understand the differences between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation

• Understand why intrinsic motivation is key to behavior change and learning

• Understand the role that educators have in inspiring intrinsic motivation

Oh, Behave...

                     Definition of Behaviorism      All things that organisms do - including acting,       thinking, and feeling, are regarded as behaviors.      To change behaviors, the environment is       modified or behavioral patterns are changed.  

Behaviorism:  The Basics!

• B.F. Skinner & Operant Conditioning

• Ivan Pavlov & Classical Conditioning

http://pupwellness.blogspot.com/

Four Motivational Theories

 •  Behavioral:  Reward, Incentive•  Humanistic:  Inborn Need, Inner Resources•  Cognitive:  Thinking, Interpretation•  Sociocultural:  Identity, Interpersonal

            One of these four theories is extrinsic.  

Can you tell me which one?

Extrinsic Motivation

Extrinsic motivation comes from outside ofthe individual.     Examples:

o Rewards like money, grades, or trophies

o Coerciono Threat of punishmento Competition o The Office: Schrutebuckshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BOe9nSJXEDc  o The Office: Michael = “Boss”http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lG54HSGuidQ&feature=related

Intrinsic Motivation

Intrinsic motivation refers to motivation that is driven by an interest or enjoyment in the task itself, existing within the individual rather than relying on any external pressure.

Examples:  • Can attribute results to factors under their own control

(e.g., the effort expended)  

• Believe they can be effective agents in reaching desired goals (i.e. the results are not determined by luck)

• Interested in mastering a topic, rather than just rote-learning to achieve good grades.

• Forrest Gump: I just like running. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gimcdV-8FzY

• The Office: The most inspiring thing ever said... http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bVVsDIv98TA

A Few Good Theories

Incentive Theory• Training ("Treat, puppy!  Treat!)

Goal-Setting Theory•  Four goal orientations

o Learning: Improvement, Challenges

o Performance: Demonstration of Ability 

o Work-Avoidance:  Easy, Minimal Effort

o Social: Peer Groups, Honor

Possible Intrinsic Motivations...

Maslow's Hierarchy• Physiological:  Breathing, Food, Water, Sleep

• Safety:  Security of; Body, Employment, Resources,  Morality, The Family

• Love, Belonging:  Friendship, Family, Sexual Intimacy

• Esteem:  Self Esteem, Confidence, Respect

• Self-Actualization:  Morality, Creativity, Lack of Prejudice

Or…Five Human Needs• Connection

• Power

• Freedom

• Fun

• Survival

Marketing & Intrinsic Worth

Applications

http://dontia-vereen.com/the-suprising-science-of-motivation-dan-pink/

Let’s Talk…

• Knowing what we now know about intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, which do you think is most common in schools? Why?

• Which type of motivation do you think is most effective for student learning or behavior change? Why?

• If we acknowledge that intrinsic motivation is most effective in terms of learning or behavior change, how do we as educators inspire intrinsic motivation development in our students?

What does this mean to me?

Teacherso Choice

o Connecting content to students' lives

o Competence 

o Creativity

cartoonbabykids.blogspot.com

What does this mean to me?

Administratorso School Climate

o Discipline/Reward system within the school

o Professional development opportunities

What does this mean to me?

Studentso Ownership

o Relevance  

o Self-efficacy

o Basic needs being met 

What does this mean to me?

Counselorso Help students figure out

what motivates them

o Goal setting

o Support motivating school climate

o Thinking and acting for behavior change

Tools I can use…

Motivational Interviewingo Help students identify behaviors that they are interested in

changing 

o And help them figure out how to do that

Solution-Focused Counseling  o Figure out what works for the student and see if she or he can

transfer that solution to a current problem

o What motivates the student to avoid the problem under different circumstances   

Responsible Behavior Choiceo Teaching students socially responsible behavior to satisfy

needs

Sum it up!

o Behaviorism holds that all actions have a reason.

o Intrinsic motivation comes from within.  Extrinsic motivation comes from without. 

o Tapping into intrinsic motivation leads to more effective teaching. 

o Counselors can use this information to enable teachers and administrators to more effectively work with students and enable students enjoy the learning process. 

Activity

Role Play or Discussion

Groups of 2, please!

Sources

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorism, accessed 09.29.2011.

• Chapter Ten: Motivating Students Outline. Miller and Rollnick, 2009. 

• Chapter Ten: Motivation: Issues and Explanations. Miller and Rollnick, 2009.

• Sullo, B. (2007). Activating the desire to learn. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.