behaviorism a non mentalistic view of psychology
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Behaviorism
A non mentalistic view of Psychology
The main players:
Ivan Petrovitch Pavlov (1849-1936) John Broadus Watson (1878-1956) B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)
Who influenced Pavlov?
The physiological work of William Beaumont (1785-1853)
An expanded concept of reflex to explain higher functions of thinking, willing, judging -pioneered by Sechenov (1829-1905)
The ideas of Descartes (1596-1650) about reflexes
Pavlov’s work:
Work on the digestive system. Nobel price in 1904
Notices “mental secretions” -anticipated responses of the animals becoming familiar to the setting.
Studied these “mental secretions” -they become what we know as “conditioned reflex”.
Important conceptsPavlov brought us
The whole notion of conditioned reflex Concepts of generalization,
differentiation, excitation, inhibition, higher level conditioning
Concept of experimental neurosis
Pavlov today?
• Visit the Pavlov Institute of Physiology in Russia
Who influenced Watson?
Reacts against Wundt and James -and their followers such as John Dewey
Infuenced by Loeb (tropisms) and Henry Donaldson (white rat neurology) -studied the myelinization of white rat nervous system & consequent changes in the complexity of their behavior.
Pavlov
Watson’s main contributions
Official founder of behaviorism as an independent and valid approach to psychology
Is a radical behaviorist Introduces the notion of conditioned
emotional response (little Albert) Three emotions: fear, rage, love -all
emotional life built on those Applies this to advertising
B. F. SkinnerWho influenced him?
Bertrand Russel’s (a British philosopher) discussion of J. B. Watson’s book on behaviorism. (Then, Watson himself)
H.G. Wells article on G. Bernard Shaw and Pavlov (Then Pavlov himself)
What were Skinner’s main contributions?
Developed the Skinner box as a way to study operant behavior.
Important concepts: operant conditioning, reinforcement, contingencies of reinforcement, reinforcement schedules, discrimination learning, programmed instruction.
Developed the social implications of his theory.
A Skinner pageby undergraduate students
http://www.wabash.edu/depart/psych/Courses/Psych97A/STUDENT%20PROJECTS/Skinner/hammondk/
The End
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