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Corpus CallosumCommunication system between left and right hemisphere.
Basal GangliaLarge muscle movement
ThalamusA relay center for sensory info, EXCEPT for smell
HypothalamusRegulate hunger, thirst, body temp., and sex drive (part of the Limbic System)
CerebellumBalance, coordination of voluntary movement, and muscle tone
PonsRelays messages between upper and lower part of the brain, controls sleep/arousal too; Part of Brain Stem
MedullaAutonomic function (heart beat, breathing, etc.) and cross laterality; Part of Brainstem
Reticular Activating SystemAwake and Alert!
HippocampusStrong info, long term memory; Part of Limbic System
Motor CortexExecute voluntary muscle movement
Sensory CortexMain area of touch
Parietal LobePain, Pressure, Touch and info from it
OccipitalVision
Frontal LobeDecision making, thinking and personality
Broca’s AreaSpeaking
Wernicke’s areaListening
TemporalListening and processing auditory info, smell, and taste
BRAIN
AmygdalaAnger, Aggression Disgust (part of the Limbic System
Nervous System
Central Nervous System (Spine, Brain) Peripheral Nervous System (All nerves coming out of CNS)
Autonomic(Involuntary)
Somatic(Voluntary)
Sympathetic(Fight Or Flight)
Hear rate upDilate Pupils
Blood Flow redirected to brain and musclesPerspire
Adrenaline Released
Parasympathetic(Calms you)
Studying the Brain
Abbreviation Full Name What Does It Do?
MRI Magnetic Resonance ImagingUsing a large magnetic field and radio waves to see
the structures of the brain
EEG ElectroencephalogramRecords electrical activity in the brain through
electrodes attached to the scalp
PET Positron Emission TomographySees brain activity through the use of a safe
radioactive form of glucose
Lesion LesionStudying the effects of experimental or natural destruction of areas of the brain.
CATComputerized Axial
Tomography An 3D x-ray image of the brain that shows structure
Important Studies and People
The Nervous System
Gazzaniga and Sperryo Studied the split brain patients, or patients with a cut Corpus Callosum. o The Corpus Callosum was cut to reduce seizures in patients with severe cases/episodes of epilepsy/seizures.o The left hemisphere of the brain controls the right side of the body/right visual fieldo The right hemisphere of the brain controls the left side of the body/left visual field
Kluver and Buceyo Lesioned the Amygdala of Rhesus Moseys… resulted in a docile monkey.
BRAIN Cont.
Cell BodyGives support and life to the neuron
DendriteReceives the messages that another neuron sends
Axon HillockBeginning of the axon
Myelin SheathProtects and helps speed up transmission
NeurotransmitterChemical that inhibits or excites action
AxonPasses the info to other neurons, muscles or glandsNodes of Ranvier
Where impulse is said to speed up
Terminal BranchesForm junctions with other cells
Rest Potential(-70 Millivolts)
Na+
K+
Na+
(-)
Polarized CellSodium is outside and Potassium and the Negative Chloride ions in the inside
K+ Na+
Na+
2. DepolarizationSodium rushes into the cell; axon becomes more positive
Na+(-)K+
K+
3. RepolarizationPotassium ions move out; the inside is become negative again
K+ K+(-)Na+ Na+
4. Refractory PeriodSodium out of cell and Potassium back in; back to normal state
Rest Potential(-70 Millivolts)
The Axon and Action Potential
Neurotransmitter Functions AssociationsAcetylcholine (ACH)**most common excitatory**
Attention, Arousal, Muscle action/movement, and Memory
Alzheimer’s
Dopamine “Feel Good”, mood emotion, arousal, learning
(-) Parkinson’s(+)Schizophrenia, cocaine
Norepinephrine Mood, Arousal, Learning (-)DepressionSerotonin**most common inhibitory**
Sleep, Hunger, Aggression (-)Depression(+)Anxiety, inhibit dreams
GABA Movement, Sleep, and Inhibit axons,
(-) Anxiety, Huntington’s Disease, Epilepsy
Endorphins Pleasure, pain relief N/A
Neuron
K+ (-)
Common Neurotransmitters
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