backyard poultry production

HOUSING / NIGHT SHELTER AND BROODING OPERATIONS IN BACKYARD

POULTRY PRODUCTION

PRESENTED BY

M.G.NIKAM

Department of Poultry Science

INTRODUCTION

“THE HITECH SYSTEMS WHICH DOMINATE IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ARE NOT NECESSARILY BE APPROPRIATE AND MAY NOT WORK IN DENSELY POPULATED DEVELOPING COUNTRIES”.

DR. YAMANDAFORMER PRESIDENTWPSA

( at 19th WPC at Amsterdam )

HOUSING AND REARING SYSTEM, THEIR ADVANTAGES AND

DISADVANTAGE CLASSIFICATION OF POULTRY HOUSING SYSTEMS

Free range or extensive system Semi-intensive system Intensive system

Deep-litter systemSlatted floor systemSlat cum litter systemRaised platform housing systemCage system

Free range or extensive system Rearing of poultry by letting them loose on ground (Field)

called as range in limited area (fenced). Adopted only when adequate land is available. A range should provide shelter, greens, feed, water shade

etc. Foraging is major source of feeding for birds Shelter is usually provided by temporary roofing supported

by ordinary poles All types and categories of birds can be reared in this

system Stocking density: 250 birds per hector System is followed in India for backyard poultry keeping in

villages.

FREE RANGE HOUSING SYSTEM cont…

Advantages: Saving of feed. No labour requirement for management Bone development relatively better Equipments are hardly used Less expensive Birds get benefit of enough sunlightDisadvantages: Easy disease outbreak More space required Scientific management practices cannot be

followed bc there is no control over the birds.

SEMI-INTENSIVE HOUSING

Birds are half way reared in houses and half way on ground or range.

Birds are confined to houses in night or as per the need they are also given access to runs.

The houses are with solid floors while runs are fields only.

Stocking density: 150-200 birds in a night shelter of 25 m.sq. and run area of 500 m.sq.

Generally growers and cocks, ducks are maintained ADVANTAGES: This system is low in cost. DISADVANTAGES: Losses may be encountered by birds of prey and from

failure to find eggs laid in bushy areas. The poultry run requires a considerable amount of fencing.

INTENSIVE SYSTEM

Birds are totally confined

Most efficient

Convenient and economical system for

modern poultry production

DEEP LITTER HOUSING SYSTEM

ADVANTAGES: Litter material absorb moisture Provide dust bath to birds (decrease

ectoparasite) Easy removal of dropping Provide vit. B2 and Animal Protein Factor Built up litter- good organic fertilizer DISADVANTAGES: Litter born diseases More expensive than semi-intensive system

SLAT SYSTEM OF HOUSING

ALL SLAT SYSTEM: Floor raised with wooden slats Slats- wooden pieces of 2.5-5 cm wide placed

2.5 cm apart running through the length of house

Slats placed 3 ft above the ground floor to allow accumulation of dropping

Advantages: No chance of litter born diseases Easy collection of dropping

SLAT AND LITTER SYSTEM60% slat area and 40% litter areaSlats on either side of house against each side wall leaving central portion for litter floor.Used for broilers, growers, breeders

Advantages: Avoid wetting of litter during rainy seasonEasy handling operations from slat are

CAGE HOUSING SYSTEM

Types of cages: Californian cages Battery cages Flat deck cagesDepending up on type of birds housed: Brooder cage, Grower cage, Layer cageDepending up on bird density: Single bird cage, Multiple bird cages, Colony cages

ADVANTAGES OF CAGE HOUSING SYSTEM

Less space requirement Birds under complete control Individual records are possible Inspection and culling is easy Labour utilized more efficiently High stocking density Better performance and feed efficiency Clean egg production Scientific managemental practices can be followed Uniform growth of birds Egg breakage reduced to minimum Litter problems are eliminated

Free range

Semi intensive

Night shelter

Semi intensive

Night shelter/nest box

Semi intensive

Low input technology night shelters

Housing of ducks

Ducks do not require elaborate houses. The house should be well ventilated, dry and rat

proof. It may have solid or wire floors. The wire floors are not popular with breeders. Under semi-intensive system the proportion of

night shelter to outside run is 1/4:3/4. The run should gently slope away from the houses to provide drainage.

Normally a continuous water channel of size 50 cm. (20”) wide and 15-20cms. (6-8”) deep is constructed at the far end, on both sides, parallel to the night shelter, in the rearing or layer house.

Duck fish farming

Major feature

Improved productivity

Greater income

Improved cash flow

Employment

Better diet

Brooding management

What is brooding? The management with due care of baby chicks

till two weeks in broilers and 6 to 8 weeks in egg type birds is known as brooding.

What is Brooder?The device or equipment used for providing

artificial heat to baby chicks is known as brooder.

Methods of brooding

1. Natural method of brooding

2. Artificial method of brooding Cold room brooding Hot room brooding Types of brooder: Battery brooder Gas

Infra redElectricalCharcoal

Natural Brooding

Electrical brooding/cold room brooding

Infra Red bulbs Gas brooder

Hot room brooding

Cont…

Location of brooder house Distance between brooder house and other

poultry house should not be less than 100 meters.

Preparation of brooder house Cleaning and washing of brooder house Cleaning and washing of equipments Burning of cracks and crevices White wash Fumigation Arrangements of chick guards Arrangements of litter Arrangement of hover Paper arrangements for first 3 days

Basic requirements during brooding1. Temperature

Age in weeks Temperature under hover

First week 350C

Second week 320C

Third week 290C

Fourth week 260C

Fifth week 230C

Cont..

2.Ventilation : enough ventilation to keep litter dry

3. Humidity : Brooder house humidity ranges from 50 to 60 %

4. Space requirement :

With electric hovers 10 sq. inch or 65.5 cm2 per chick is the minimum requirement at the starting of brooding with gradual increase as per age. Up to the age of 8 weeks 460 sq. cm per chick is sufficient.

A hover having 1.8 diameters can accommodate 500 chicks. But fewer strength of 200-250 chicks per brooder is advised for better management.

5. Feeding

For the first 3 or 4 days feed is provided in flat type feeder lids or papers. These have to be removed gradually taking about a week while introducing regular feeders. The chicks should be given prestarter in case of broilers and chick starter in case of layers.

Feeder space requirements:Up to 2 weeks – 2.5 cm/chick2 to 8 weeks – 4 to 5 cm/chick3 hanging feeders/100 chicks.

Cont..

The hanging feeders at first placed on the litter floor. When the chicks learn to eat well, the feeder can be hung adjusting the height of the feeder so that the bottom of the feeder is about 1” above the back of the birds.

At the start, the feeders must be kept full so as to encourage the chicks to eat subsequently the level of feed in the feeder must not be more than half full.

The feeders should be placed evenly in the house along the outer edge of the house like spokes of wheel. Chicks need not go more than 10 inch in search of feed.

6. Watering:

As soon as the chicks arrive on the farm before feeding they should be supplied with fresh, clean, cool and potable drinking water.

Water space requirement:Up to 2 weeks: 0.6cm/chick2 to 8 weeks – 1.3 cm /chick2 fountain type waterers (5 lit. capacity) for 100 chicks

PREVENTION & CONTROL OF DISEASE

Synchronisation of hatching in adjacent 2-3villages.

Periodical deworming every 2 months should be practiced.

Using coccidiostat during rainy season.

Floor Space, Feeder Space and Water Space Requirement During

Brooding Chicks

Age in weeksAge in weeks Floor space( mFloor space( m22)) Feeder space (cm)Feeder space (cm) Water space (cm)Water space (cm)

0-30-3 0.050.05 2.42.4 0.6 0.6 For 100 birds 2 litre For 100 birds 2 litre

capacity capacity watererswaterers

4-64-6 0.070.07 4.54.5 1.01.0For 100 birds 3.5 For 100 birds 3.5

litre capacity 3 litre capacity 3 number waterersnumber waterers

6-86-8 0.150.15 6.56.5 1.51.5For 100 birds 3.5 For 100 birds 3.5

litre capacity 3 litre capacity 3 number waterersnumber waterers

VACCINATION DURING BROODING :

PERIOD NAME OF VACCINATION ROUTE DOSE

1st day Mareks disease(MD) HVT S/C 0.2ml

5-7 day Ranikhet (F1 or Laosta) Intra Nasal or Intra Occular

One drop

10-14 day IBD Live In Drinking water

24-28 day IBD Live In Drinking Water

8 th week Ranikhet Disease(R2B/RDVK)

S/C in wing 0.5 ml

Medication during brooding

It is recommended that chicks first be given 8% sugar water (1.5 cups sugar in one gallon) for first 15 hours and add electrol (soluble electrolyte) for first two days.

Antistress medication (Vitamin AD3EK) and antibiotic given till the day before La Sota vaccine.

During first two weeks, give vitamin E to boost up the immunity.

Liver tonics and growth promoting medication is to be provided as per need.

Water sanitizers is to be added in a appropriate dose as a routine practice.

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