bab iii virus

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BAB III VIRUS. Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV). LEARNING OBJECTIVE. After discussion the students can: 1. Identify the characteristic of virus. 2. Explain the life cycle of virus. 3. Explain the replication process in virus. BAB 3 VIRUS. Percobaan A.Mayer pada Penelitian Virus. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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BAB IIIVIRUS

Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)

LEARNING OBJECTIVE

After discussion the students can:

1. Identify the characteristic of virus.

2. Explain the life cycle of virus.

3. Explain the replication process in virus.

 

Percobaan A.Mayer pada Penelitian Virus

Tembakau yang berpenyakit

Daunnya dihaluskan

Ekstrak daun

Ekstrak daunTembakau yangberpenyakit

Disemprotkan

Tanamantembakau sehat

Tanaman tembakau menjadi sakit

Percobaan Dmitri Ivanowski pada Penelitian Virus

Dauntembakau yang berpenyakitdihaluskan

Penyaringanekstrak dauntembakau yangberpenyakit

Filtratdauntembakau yangberpenyakit

Tanaman tembakaumenjadi sakit

Tanamantembakauyang sehat

Disemprotkan

Filtrat

Virus Characteristics

• Viruses are very small (25-300 nm). • A virus is not a cell (virus bukanlah sel)• Virus does not have cellular components such as

cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus (virus tidak memiliki bagian-bagian sel seperti membran plasma, sitoplasma dan inti)

• Virus is composed of a nucleic acid and protein coat called as capsid (Virus tersusun atas asam nukleat dan selubung protein yang disebut kapsid)

Bentuk-bentuk Virus

Batang

Seperti huruf T

Bulat

Polihidris

Structure of Viruses

StructureStructure

Nucleic acid

Protein coat

Head

Sheath

Tail fibre

The Structure Of a Virus

• Viruses are composed of nucleic acid (virus tersusun atas asam nukleat)

• The Nucleic acid is surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid (asam nukleat dise-lubungi oleh kapsid)

• Virus has only one type of nucleic acid DNA or RNA. (virus hanya memiliki satu jenis asam nukleat DNA atau RNA saja)

Struktur Tubuh Virus

Selubung lipid

RNA virus

Enzim“reversetranscriptase”

Selubung protein(kapsid)

Bentuk-bentuk Selubung Protein (Kapsid) Virus

berbentuk heliks

berbentuk kompleks

berbentuk polihedral

RNA virus

Subunitprotein selubung(kapsomer)

DNA

Selubung protein

Selubung ekor

Lempengan dasarSerabut ekor

A provirus is a DNA virus that has been inserted into a host cell chromosome.

A retrovirus injects the enzyme, reverse transcriptase into the cell to copy viral RNA into DNA.

Reproduksi Bakteriofage dengan Siklus Litik danLisogenik

1. Type Lytica. Adsorption, virus attach in cell wall of

bacteria.

b. Penetration, virus to infecting the cell wall of bakteria then inject the genetic material.

c.Replication, virus multiplies itself by manipulating host genetic materials.

d. Maturation, Formation of new virus.

e. Lytic, newly assembled viruses are released from the host cell by lisis.

2. Type lysogenic

a. Adsorption, virus attach in cell wall of bacteria.

b. Penetration, virus to infecting the cell wall of bakteria then inject the genetic material.

c. Eclipase, the genetic material from the virus is take the metabolism system of host cell.

d. Mitosis, bacteria cell will cleavage and the new virus will be form consist of DNA virus and bacteria choromosome

e. Maturation, formation of bacteria cell consist of DNA virus and bacteria choromosome

The differences between lytic and lisogenic cycleLYTIC CYCLE LISOGENIC

CYCLE1.Viral DNA destroys Cell DNA, takes over cell functions and destroys the cell.2. The Virus replicates and produces progeny phages.3. There are symptoms of viral infection.4. Virtulant viral infection takes place.

1. Viral DNA merges with Cell DNA and does not destroy the cell.2. The Virus does not produce progeny.3. There are no symptoms of viral infection.4. Temperate viral replication takes place.

Penggolongan Virus

Tidak mengikuti sistem klasifikasi Linnaneus

1)Berdasarkan ICTV, virus terbagi menjadi empat tingkatan/takson yaitu Ordo, Famili, Genus dan Species.

• Penamaan ordo diakhiri Virales.

• Penamaan famili diakhiri Viridae

• Penamaan genus diakhiri dengan kata Virus

Contoh:

Ordo : Mononegativirales

Famili : Filoviridae

Genus : Filovirus

Spesies : Ebola virus

2. Berdasarkan Materi GenetikDNA dan RNA Virus

a. DNA Virus

No. Famili Genus

1 Adenoviridae Adenovirus

2 Papovaviridae Papillomavirus

3 Parvoviridae B 19 virus

4 Herpesviridae Herpes simplex virus

5 Poxviridae Vaccinia virus

6 Hepadnaviridae Hepatitis B virus

7 Polyomaviridae Polyoma virus

2. Berdasarkan Materi GenetikDNA dan RNA Virus

b. RNA VirusNo. Famili Genus

1 Reoviridae Reovirus

2 Picornaviridae Rhinovirus

3 Caliciviridae Hepatitis E virus

4 Togaviridae Rubella virus

5 Arenaviridae Lymphotic virus

6 Retroviridae HIV

7 Flaviviridae Dengue virus

8 Orthomyxoviridae Influenza virus

9 Paramyxoviridae Measles virus

10 Bornaviridae Borna virus

3. Berdasarkan Sel Inangnya

• Virus Alga

• Virus Archae

• Virus Bakteri ( Bakteriofage virus menyerang E.coli)

• Virus Fungi

• Virus Invertebrata

• Virus Tumbuhan (Tobacco Mosaic Virus)

• Virus Vertebrata (HIV)

Peran Virus bagi Kehidupan Manusia

1. Manfaat Virus bagi Manusia

Vaksin untuk mencegah penyakit. Vaksin adalah virus yang dilemahkan. Vaksin tersebut disuntik-kan ke tubuh manusia dan menyebabkan tubuh memproduksi antibodi. Vaksin merangsang pembentukan sistem kekebalan tubuh.

2. Kerugian Virus bagi Manusia

a. Virus yang Menyerang Tumbuhan

- Penyakit kerdil pada padi disebabkan oleh Tungro virus.

- Penyakit trsteza pada jeruk oleh Tristeza virus . Akibatnya, pertumbuhan jeruk menjadi melambat, cabang berlubang.

- Penyakit bercak kuning pada daun tembakau oleh Tobacco mozaic virus.

2. Kerugian Virus bagi Manusia

b. Virus yang Menyerang Hewan

- Rabies virus menyerang sistem saraf pusat manusia dan hewan.

- Foot and mouth disease virus menyebabkan penyakit mulut dan kaki pada sapi dan kerbau.

- Hepatitis B virus menyebabkan infeksi hati

2. Kerugian Virus bagi Manusia

b. Virus yang Menyerang Manusia

- Poliomyelitis virus menyebabkan penyakit polio.- Influenza virus menyebabkan penyakit influenza.- Varicalla virus menyebabkan penyakit cacar air.- Rubella virus menyebabkan penyakit campak.- Ebola virus menyebabkan penyakit ebola- HIV penyebab penyakit AIDS

Virus-virus Penyebab Penyakit

TMV

Virus herpes

Virus ebola

Bunga tulip yang terserang virus

Daun anggrek yang terserang virus

Tanaman tomat yang terserang TMV

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