automatization of water quality monitoring in rassmoltproduksjon.no/bilder/tidlkonf...

Automatization of water quality monitoring in RAS

Jelena Kolarevic, Dag Bundgaard, Britt Kristin Megård Reiten, Kristin Skei Nerdal and Bjørn-Steinar Sæther

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AQUAlity project

The aim of the EU FP7 project AQUAlity is to lower costs for European fish farmers by developing a multi-sensor platform for continuous monitoring of water quality in RAS that will also contain built-in knowledge of best practice conditions for the farmed species in close-containment systems.

SEVENTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME FP7-SME-2008-2

Multi-sensor platform specifications

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Parameter

Unit

Recommended

values

Max. (range of) values measured in

commercial RAS

Aimed

Accuracy

Range of values measured by AQUAlity

platform

Comments

Temperature oC depends on fish

species 0 - 32 ± 0.5 0 - 32

O2 % 85-100 % 0 - 250 % ±2% 0 - 250

CO2 mg l-1

10 -15 40 ± 0.5 0 - 50

Nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N) mg l-1

≤ 0.1 15 ± 0.01 0.01-100

Total ammonia nitrogen (TAN)

mg l-1

2 (at pH=6.8, 12

oC)

10 ± 0.1 0.1 - 100

Unionised ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N)

µg l-1

3 (at pH=6.8, 12

oC)

depends on the pH and temperature

± 0.1 0.1 - 5000 suggested range of measurable values covers pH range between 6-9 and temperature range between 0 -

32oC up to 10 mg l

-1 TAN

Ionised ammonia nitrogen (NH4

+-N)

mg l-1

3 (at pH=6.8, 12

oC)

depends on the pH and temperature

± 0.1 0.1 - 100 suggested range of measurable values covers pH range between 6-9 and temperature range between 0 -

32oC up to 10 mg l

-1 TAN

pH 6 - 8 6 - 9 ± 0.1 0 - 14

How accurate are continuous measurements of

TAN and NO2-N in aquaculture?

Ammonia and nitrite sensor requirements

Accurate measurements of TAN and NO2-N in aquaculture systems

Multiple measurements during one hour during 24h

Easy maintenance maximum once a week

Minimal use of chemicals

Small in size (“size of a shoe box”)

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Survey of the commercial sensors used in aquaculture (Philips)

Adequate commercial probes available for DO, CO2 , pH, and temperature

For ammonium and nitrite:

– Current compact, low service sensors (mainly of ISE type) are not

sensitive and accurate enough for AQUAlity.

– Sensitive systems (down to ppb level) are available of colorimetric type,

however those are bulky/complex and require consumption of sampled water

and a continuous adding of reagents.

– None of the commercial sensors fully cover the targeted AQUAlity specifications

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AQUAlity platform components

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by Chris Abbott, ISRI and Kees Bink, Philips

AQUAlity platform testing

• Testing of the MACA functional model @Nofima

• Testing of the platform performance @ Nofima:

- Sensor accuracy and maintenance

- AQUAlity software testing

• Field trials @ Truchas De La Alarria (Spain) and

Fischzucht Abtshagen GMBH & COFISCH (Germany)

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• Freshwater RAS

• Production of smolt

• Sensors in the pump sump

• Regular water sampling

• Data logging

Nitrite nitrogen

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Std (mg/L) 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.10 0.50 1.00 2.50 5.00 10.00

y = 1.963x + 0.0011 R² = 0.9927

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ab

sorb

ance

NO2-N concentration (mg/L)

MinAbsorbanceMaxConc.0-1 mg/L

• Calibration of MACA using standard solution of the

known concentration

• Intense colour development already @ 2.5 mg/L

• Manual calibration for 5 and 10 mg/L

Incubation time: 3 minutes Absorbance peek: 540 nm Temperature: 25oC

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

450 550 650 750

0.5 mg/L

Absorbance_2

Absorbance_1

low

upper

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Continuous NO2-N measurements

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

00:00 02:24 04:48 07:12 09:36 12:00 14:24 16:48

NO

2-N

co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg

L-1)

Time since the start of analysis (hh:mm)

• Using RAS water for 16 hours

• Measurements every 19 minutes

Min. 0.11 mg L-1

Max. 0.21 mg L-1

Average 0.15 mg L -1

NO2-N (Mean±SD)

Autoanalyser 0.0398 ± 0.001

MACA 0.0480 ± 0.002

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Std (mg/L) 0.0 0.1 0.5 1.0 2.5 5.0 10.0

TAN • Manual MACA calibration for TAN • Oxyguard is continuing the work with TAN measurements

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

0 2 4 6 8 10

Ab

sorb

ance

TAN concentration (mg L-1)

Mean absorbance

Max absorbance

Min absorbance

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Sensor maintenance: pH

• Salinity and pH (temperature) probes important for calculation of ammonia

• 3 different maintenance methods used: calibration, agitation and cleaning with H20

• Formation of the biofilm on the pH probe surface - between 0.1 and 0.5 lower pH

measurements ( >50% lower NH3-N than present )

• Installation of the cleaner head

O2 CO2

TGP

pH

Sal.

O2

pH

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O2 CO2

TGP

pH

Sal.

• Biofilm formation on the O2 probe

• Higher saturation levels after cleaning up to 33%!

• Proper maintenance necessary

• Installation of the cleaning head (max ΔO2=1.8%)

Sensor maintenance: O2

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O2 CO2

TGP

pH

Sal.

• CO2 probe more resilient to biofilm formation than O2 probe

• Max ΔCO2 = 2.8 mg L-1

Sensor maintenance: CO2

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7

7.1

7.2

7.3

7.4

7.5

7.6

7.7

7.8

7.9

pH pH WTW

pH Aquality

pH online Nofima

Calibration of AQUAlity pH probe

Calibration of AQUAlity pH probe

Calibration of AQUAlity pH probe

pH sensor accuracy • 3 different probes used

• No maintenance between 12.05-19.05

• Similar measurements as other on-line probe

• Proper maintenance is crucial for accurate measurements!

0.3 0.15

0.11

Regular maintenance

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0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

CO

2 c

on

cen

trat

ion

(m

g L-1

)

CO2 Franatech

CO2 AQUALity

Carbon dioxide sensor accuracy

4.4 mg/L

No maintenance AQUAlity probe

• Tested against Franatech CO2 probe that was cleaned every day before the measurements were done • Sensitive to the formation of the biofilm • Regular maintenance necessary

Regular maintenance both probes

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The AQUAlity software tools • Components:

Desktop stand-alone farm control system

- local database of water quality data

- desktop application for real time data monitoring & trend analysis

AQUAlity webservices

Web-based expert’s analysis application

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The AQUAlity software testing

• Production & system information input

• Data logging every 5 minutes to a local database

• Data export to excel or to expert database

• Real-time measurements updated every 10 sec.

• Farm benchmarking

• Experts recommendations

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The way further…….

• Development of the MACA to the market (Oxyguard)

• Use of the AQUAlity software by the fish farmers association

• Development of the expert database

• Large database for farm benchmarking

• Education on proper use of the on-line probes for water quality

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The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme managed by REA Research Executive Agency (http://ec.europa.eu/research/rea) (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement number [286995] in a research for the benefits of SME associations, project AQUAlity: “Multi-sensor automated water quality monitoring and control system for continuous use in recirculation aquaculture systems”.

Thank you for your attention !

jelena.kolarevic@nofima.no