atomic beta decay by electron...
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Atomic beta decayby electron capture
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
Atomic beta decayby electron capture
The e-neutrino mass(es)
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
Atomic beta decayby electron capture
The e-neutrino mass(es)x Maurizio Lusignoli
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
Atomic beta decayby electron capture
The e-neutrino mass(es)x Maurizio Lusignoli
Calorimetric measurements
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
Atomic beta decayby electron capture
Progress: Galeazzi et al., Ranitsch et al., Gastaldi et al. ... &
talks by Koester, Lahiri, Rabin, Engle ...
The e-neutrino mass(es)x Maurizio Lusignoli
Calorimetric measurements
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
. . .
2S
2S
2P
p n⌫
Z (Z � 1)1S
e
1S
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
�IBEC
. . .
2S
2S
2P
p n⌫
Z (Z � 1)1S
e
1S
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
. . .
2S
2S
2P
p n⌫
Z (Z � 1)1S
e
1S
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
. . .
2S
2S
2P
p n⌫
Z (Z � 1)1S
e
(Z � 1)1P
�X
2P
1S
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
. . .
2S
2S
2P
p n⌫
Z (Z � 1)1S
e
(Z � 1)1P
�X
2P
1S
�IBEC
⌫
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
. . .
2S
2S
2P
p n⌫
Z (Z � 1)1S
e
(Z � 1)1P
�X
2P
Z ! (Z � 1)1P + �(k) + ⌫(E⌫)
Same initial and final statesQM: the same (Feynman 1949)
2P
1S
�IBEC
⌫
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
IBEC: Internal Bremsstrahlung in Electron Capture
e.g. Z ! (Z � 1)1P + �(k) + ⌫(E⌫)2P
2PTuesday, 05 February, 2013
Q ⌘ M(Z)�M(Z � 1)HOLE
IBEC: Internal Bremsstrahlung in Electron Capture
e.g. Z ! (Z � 1)1P + �(k) + ⌫(E⌫)2P
2PTuesday, 05 February, 2013
Q ⌘ M(Z)�M(Z � 1)HOLE
IBEC: Internal Bremsstrahlung in Electron Capture
e.g. Z ! (Z � 1)1P + �(k) + ⌫(E⌫)2P
2P
kmax
(1P) = Q� E(1P)�m⌫2P 2P
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
d!
dk|k⇠k
max
/ k (k � kmax
)p(k � k
max
)2 �m2
⌫
Q ⌘ M(Z)�M(Z � 1)HOLE
IBEC: Internal Bremsstrahlung in Electron Capture
e.g. Z ! (Z � 1)1P + �(k) + ⌫(E⌫)2P
2P
kmax
(1P) = Q� E(1P)�m⌫2P 2P
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
d!
dk|k⇠k
max
/ k (k � kmax
)p(k � k
max
)2 �m2
⌫
Q ⌘ M(Z)�M(Z � 1)HOLE
IBEC: Internal Bremsstrahlung in Electron Capture
e.g. Z ! (Z � 1)1P + �(k) + ⌫(E⌫)2P
2P
kmax
(1P) = Q� E(1P)�m⌫2P 2P
k2e ! k� : IR DIVTuesday, 05 February, 2013
0 50 100 150 2000.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
55Fe
1S
2S
2P
d!/d
k
k(keV)
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
Glauber &Martin (58)
0 50 100 150 2000.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
55Fe
1S
2S
2P
d!/d
k
k(keV)
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
Glauber &Martin (58)
ADR (80)
0 50 100 150 2000.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
55Fe
1S
2S
2P
d!/d
k
k(keV)
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
Glauber &Martin (58)
ADR (80)
0 50 100 150 2000.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
55Fe
1S
2S
2P
d!/d
k
k(keV)
Low Q: Gigantic enhancement,good fraction of events ~ endpoint
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
Glauber &Martin (58)
ADR (80)
0 50 100 150 2000.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
55Fe
1S
2S
2P
d!/d
k
k(keV)
16367Ho
19378PtLow Q: Gigantic enhancement,
good fraction of events ~ endpointTuesday, 05 February, 2013
Glauber &Martin (58)
ADR (80)
0 50 100 150 2000.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
55Fe
1S
2S
2P
d!/d
k
k(keV)
16367Ho
19378Pt
19378Pt
205 210 215 220 2250
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
pd!
/kdk 2P
3P
Low Q: Gigantic enhancement,good fraction of events ~ endpoint
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
Glauber &Martin (58)
ADR (80)
0 50 100 150 2000.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
55Fe
1S
2S
2P
d!/d
k
k(keV)
m⌫ 6= 0
16367Ho
19378Pt
19378Pt
205 210 215 220 2250
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
pd!
/kdk 2P
3P
Low Q: Gigantic enhancement,good fraction of events ~ endpoint
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
Glauber &Martin (58)
ADR (80)
0 50 100 150 2000.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
55Fe
1S
2S
2P
d!/d
k
k(keV) Need X-ray coincidenceto tell the HOLE !
TOUGH NOODLES
m⌫ 6= 0
16367Ho
19378Pt
19378Pt
205 210 215 220 2250
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
pd!
/kdk 2P
3P
Low Q: Gigantic enhancement,good fraction of events ~ endpoint
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
Solution: Calorimetry
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
Solution: CalorimetryIn a calorimetric measurement all
endpoints of all decay channels coincide
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
Solution: CalorimetryIn a calorimetric measurement all
endpoints of all decay channels coincide
This includes all photon- or electron-emission atomic de-excitations (EEEC)
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
n2
n1
Auger
Solution: CalorimetryIn a calorimetric measurement all
endpoints of all decay channels coincide
This includes all photon- or electron-emission atomic de-excitations (EEEC)
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
n2
n1
Auger
n1n1
Coster-Kronig
Solution: CalorimetryIn a calorimetric measurement all
endpoints of all decay channels coincide
This includes all photon- or electron-emission atomic de-excitations (EEEC)
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
n2
n1
Auger
n1n1
Coster-Kronig
n1n1
n1
Super-Coster-Kronig
Solution: CalorimetryIn a calorimetric measurement all
endpoints of all decay channels coincide
This includes all photon- or electron-emission atomic de-excitations (EEEC)
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
n2
n1
Auger
n1n1
Coster-Kronig
n1n1
n1
Super-Coster-Kronig
Solution: CalorimetryIn a calorimetric measurement all
endpoints of all decay channels coincide
This includes all photon- or electron-emission atomic de-excitations (EEEC)
ADR 1980Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
n2
n1
Auger
n1n1
Coster-Kronig
n1n1
n1
Super-Coster-Kronig
Solution: CalorimetryIn a calorimetric measurement all
endpoints of all decay channels coincide
This includes all photon- or electron-emission atomic de-excitations (EEEC)
ADR 1980 But: Fiorini ....Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
“Effective” calorimetric theory, Lusignoli & me (1982)
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
Z, A Z-1, A
e
Z (Z � 1)H
⌫H
“Effective” calorimetric theory, Lusignoli & me (1982)
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
Z, A Z-1, A
e
Z (Z � 1)H
⌫H
“Effective” calorimetric theory, Lusignoli & me (1982)
Z
⌫
(Z � 1)H
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
Z, A Z-1, A
e
Z (Z � 1)H
⌫H
“Effective” calorimetric theory, Lusignoli & me (1982)
Z
⌫
(Z � 1)H
Ec
Z � 1
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
Z, A Z-1, A
e
Z (Z � 1)H
⌫H
“Effective” calorimetric theory, Lusignoli & me (1982)
Z
⌫
(Z � 1)H
Ec
Z � 1
Q = M[det.,before] - M[det.,after](Chem. pure detector)
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
Z, A Z-1, A
e
Z (Z � 1)H
⌫H
“Effective” calorimetric theory, Lusignoli & me (1982)
Z
⌫
(Z � 1)H
Ec
Z � 1
Q = E⌫ + Ec
Q = M[det.,before] - M[det.,after](Chem. pure detector)
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
Z, A Z-1, A
e
Z (Z � 1)H
⌫H
“Effective” calorimetric theory, Lusignoli & me (1982)
Z
⌫
(Z � 1)H
Ec
Z � 1
Q = E⌫ + Ec
No matter whatstate H was !!!!
Q = M[det.,before] - M[det.,after](Chem. pure detector)
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
Z, A Z-1, A
e
Z (Z � 1)H
⌫H
“Effective” calorimetric theory, Lusignoli & me (1982)
Z
⌫
(Z � 1)H
Ec
Z � 1
Q = E⌫ + Ec
dW
dEc= � dW
dE⌫|E⌫=Q�Ec
No matter whatstate H was !!!!
Q = M[det.,before] - M[det.,after](Chem. pure detector)
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
Z, A Z-1, A
e
Z (Z � 1)H
⌫H
“Effective” calorimetric theory, Lusignoli & me (1982)
Z
⌫
(Z � 1)H
Ec
Z � 1
Q = E⌫ + Ec
dW
dEc= � dW
dE⌫|E⌫=Q�Ec
} No matter whatstate H was !!!!
Q = M[det.,before] - M[det.,after](Chem. pure detector)
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
Z, A Z-1, A
e
Z (Z � 1)H
⌫H
“Effective” calorimetric theory, Lusignoli & me (1982)
Z
⌫
(Z � 1)H
Ec
Z � 1
Q = E⌫ + Ec
dW
dEc= � dW
dE⌫|E⌫=Q�Ec
}dW
dEc/ (Q� Ec)
p(Q� Ec)2 �m2
⌫
X
H
'2H(0) �
H
(Ec � EH)2 + �2
H/4
No matter whatstate H was !!!!
Q = M[det.,before] - M[det.,after](Chem. pure detector)
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
M
N
N
M
MM
O
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
M
N
N
M
MM
O Q = 2.58 keV
�Ec(FWHM)
= 100 eV
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
M
N
N
M
MM
O Q = 2.58 keV
�Ec(FWHM)
= 100 eV 1982 !!
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
M
N
N
M
MM
O Q = 2.58 keV
�Ec(FWHM)
= 100 eV 1982 !!End-point
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
M
N
N
M
MM
O Q = 2.58 keV
�Ec(FWHM)
= 100 eV
Q = 2.58 keV
Q = 2.30 keV
1982 !!End-point
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
M
N
N
M
MM
O Q = 2.58 keV
�Ec(FWHM)
= 100 eV
Q = 2.58 keV
Q = 2.30 keV
Peak-hight ratiosQ-value
1982 !!End-point
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
16367Ho Q = 2.3 to 2.8 keV
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
16367Ho Q = 2.3 to 2.8 keV
Q = 2.58± 0.10 keV; T1/2 = (7± 2) 103 y
Q = 2.30± 0.15 keV; T1/2 = 900+500
�200y
Anderson et al. 1982
Yasumi et al. 1982
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
16367Ho Q = 2.3 to 2.8 keV
Q = 2.58± 0.10 keV; T1/2 = (7± 2) 103 y
Q = 2.30± 0.15 keV; T1/2 = 900+500
�200y
Anderson et al. 1982
Yasumi et al. 1982
K(n = 1), L(n = 2)Capture forbidden
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
16367Ho Q = 2.3 to 2.8 keV
Q = 2.58± 0.10 keV; T1/2 = (7± 2) 103 y
Q = 2.30± 0.15 keV; T1/2 = 900+500
�200y
Anderson et al. 1982
Yasumi et al. 1982
K(n = 1), L(n = 2)Capture forbidden
M1 (3S1/2), M2 (3P1/2)N1 (4S1/2), N2 (4P1/2)
etc allowedTuesday, 05 February, 2013
16367Ho Q = 2.3 to 2.8 keV
Q = 2.58± 0.10 keV; T1/2 = (7± 2) 103 y
Q = 2.30± 0.15 keV; T1/2 = 900+500
�200y
Anderson et al. 1982
Yasumi et al. 1982
K(n = 1), L(n = 2)Capture forbidden
M1 (3S1/2), M2 (3P1/2)N1 (4S1/2), N2 (4P1/2)
etc allowed [keV]cE
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
]-1
[k
eV
c/d
E!
d!
1/
-310
-210
-110
1
10
210
M1
M2
N1
N2
O Galeazzi et al. 2012Q = 2.5 keV
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
Bennett et al. 1981163Ho
X-ray
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
163HoGatti et al.1997
Bennett et al. 1981163Ho
X-ray
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
163HoGatti et al.1997
163Ho
144Pm
Gastaldo et al. 2012
Bennett et al. 1981163Ho
X-ray
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
163HoGatti et al.1997
163Ho
144Pm
Gastaldo et al. 2012
Bennett et al. 1981163Ho
X-ray
Talks aplentyat -Mass 2013⌫
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
Pile-up Spectrum: 2 events in same time gate
Ec in keV
ADR & Lusignoli 1982
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
Pile-up Spectrum: 2 events in same time gate
Ec in keV
Measurable: artificially varying time gate
ADR & Lusignoli 1982
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
Pile-up Spectrum: 2 events in same time gate
Ec in keV
Measurable: artificially varying time gateCurable: Multiple micro-bolometers
Galeazzi et al., Ranitsch et al. & Gastaldi et al.
ADR & Lusignoli 1982
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
DOUBLE Electron Capture
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
DOUBLE Electron Capture
Winter 1955Georgi, Glashow & Nussinov 1981: Resonant.
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
DOUBLE Electron Capture
Winter 1955Georgi, Glashow & Nussinov 1981: Resonant.
Bernabeu, ADR & Jarlskog 1983
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
DOUBLE Electron Capture
Winter 1955Georgi, Glashow & Nussinov 1981: Resonant.
Bernabeu, ADR & Jarlskog 1983Effective Theory of resonant ee-Capture
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
* Excited NucleusH, H’ e-Holes
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
MixingG2F
* Excited NucleusH, H’ e-Holes
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
K0 ! K̄0
MixingG2F
* Excited NucleusH, H’ e-Holes
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
K0 ! K̄0
MixingG2F
SmallResonantEnhancement
�M
* Excited NucleusH, H’ e-Holes
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
K0 ! K̄0
MixingG2F
SmallResonantEnhancement
�M
* Excited NucleusH, H’ e-Holes
� ⌘ �M= Q� E
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
K0 ! K̄0
MixingG2F
SmallResonantEnhancement
�M
* Excited NucleusH, H’ e-Holes
Signatures: HH’ de-excitationE* gamma-ray(s)
� ⌘ �M= Q� E
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
K0 ! K̄0
MixingG2F
SmallResonantEnhancement
�M
* Excited NucleusH, H’ e-Holes
Phase space:suppressed2 ⌫
Signatures: HH’ de-excitationE* gamma-ray(s)
� ⌘ �M= Q� E
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
BDJ
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
110Sn
BDJ
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
110Sn
BDJ
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
110Sn
BDJ
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
110Sn
152Gd
BDJ
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
110Sn
152Gd
BDJ
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
110Sn
152Gd
BDJ
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
Eliseev et al. 2011, 2012152Gd
� =
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
Eliseev et al. 2011, 2012152Gd
0.91± 0.18 keV4± 4 keV !
� =
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
Eliseev et al. 2011, 2012152Gd
0.91± 0.18 keV4± 4 keV !
� =
REF =�2h
�2 + �22h
/ 54Fe
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
Eliseev et al. 2011, 2012152Gd
Calorimetry ?Monochromatic, No backgr.2 ⌫
0.91± 0.18 keV4± 4 keV !
� =
REF =�2h
�2 + �22h
/ 54Fe
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
Eliseev et al. 2011, 2012152Gd
Calorimetry ?Monochromatic, No backgr.2 ⌫
0.91± 0.18 keV4± 4 keV !
⌧ ⇠ 1026 y1 eV2
hm⌫i2� =
REF =�2h
�2 + �22h
/ 54Fe
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
3 |||Parameters of our universe chosen
⌫ Physics
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
3 |||Parameters of our universe chosen
⌫ Physics�m2
ij , ✓ij, �?
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
3 |||Parameters of our universe chosen
⌫ Physics�m2
ij , ✓ij, �?
E(CRs), h(atms); ⇢(atms), ⌧(µ)
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
3 |||Parameters of our universe chosen
⌫ Physics�m2
ij , ✓ij, �?
E(CRs), h(atms); ⇢(atms), ⌧(µ)
R�, ⇢�, R⌦, ⇢⌦
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
3 |||Parameters of our universe chosen
⌫ Physics�m2
ij , ✓ij, �?
E(CRs), h(atms); ⇢(atms), ⌧(µ)
R�, ⇢�, R⌦, ⇢⌦ 9 Reactors
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
3 |||Parameters of our universe chosen
⌫ Physics
EC measurements of e-neutrino “mass” ??
�m2ij , ✓ij, �?
E(CRs), h(atms); ⇢(atms), ⌧(µ)
R�, ⇢�, R⌦, ⇢⌦ 9 Reactors
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
3 |||Parameters of our universe chosen
⌫ Physics
EC measurements of e-neutrino “mass” ??(Gregers Hansen)
�m2ij , ✓ij, �?
E(CRs), h(atms); ⇢(atms), ⌧(µ)
R�, ⇢�, R⌦, ⇢⌦ 9 Reactors
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
3 |||Parameters of our universe chosen
⌫ Physics
EC measurements of e-neutrino “mass” ??(Gregers Hansen)
Cosmology VX
i
mi = O(1) eV
�m2ij , ✓ij, �?
E(CRs), h(atms); ⇢(atms), ⌧(µ)
R�, ⇢�, R⌦, ⇢⌦ 9 Reactors
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
3 |||Parameters of our universe chosen
⌫ Physics
EC measurements of e-neutrino “mass” ??(Gregers Hansen)
Cosmology VX
i
mi = O(1) eV
�m2ij , ✓ij, �?
E(CRs), h(atms); ⇢(atms), ⌧(µ)
R�, ⇢�, R⌦, ⇢⌦ 9 Reactors
MassesDegenerate
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
3 |||Parameters of our universe chosen
⌫ Physics
EC measurements of e-neutrino “mass” ??(Gregers Hansen)
Cosmology VX
i
mi = O(1) eV
9 Hope for m(⌫e) experiments
�m2ij , ✓ij, �?
E(CRs), h(atms); ⇢(atms), ⌧(µ)
R�, ⇢�, R⌦, ⇢⌦ 9 Reactors
MassesDegenerate
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
Tuesday, 05 February, 2013
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