assessing your health

8/12/2019 Assessing Your Health

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Chapter #1

Accessing Your Health

Why Health, Why Now?

Choose health now for immediate benefits.

Choose health now for long-term benefits.

Personal choices influence life expectancy.

Personal choices influence healthy life

expectancy.

Choose health now to benefit others.

Top Ten Reported Impediments to

Academic Performance

Personal Choices Influence Life

Expectancy

Life expectancy has almost doubled over the

last 100 years, moving from about 47 years

in the early 1900s to over 78 years for a

child born in 2010. In 1900, 40%+ of all deaths were children

under age 5.

Infectious disease was a leading cause ofthese deaths.

What Is Health?

Is health just the absence of disease?

Is health being in good physical shape and able to

resist illness?

The medical model views health status on both theindividual and a biological or diseased organ

perspective.

The public health model views health as a result of

the individual's interactions with the social and

physical environment.

Health and Wellness

Health

Being sound in body,

mind, and spirit.

The ever changing processof achieving individual

potential in the physical,

social, emotional, mental,

spiritual and

environmental dimensions

Wellness

Purposeful, enjoyableliving.

A deliberate lifestylechoice

The achievement of thehighest level of health

possible in each of thedimensions

The Wellness Continuum

The Dimensions of Health

PhysicalHealth

Good physical fitness andconfidence in one’s personal ability

to take care of health problems.

Includes: eating right, getting regular exercise andbeing at your recommended body weight.

Emot ional

HealthEmotional health refers to both ourability to express emotions – that is,

to our feelings and our thoughts.

Includes: can cope with unpleasant emotions and

not be overwhelmed by them. ie; self-esteem, self

confidence, trust, and love.

Spir i tual

Health

The ability to identify one’s basic

purpose in life and to achieve one’s full

potential; the sense of connectedness

to a greater power.

For some it is the practice of religion, for others it is

understanding their purpose of life.

It includes: living according to one’s ethics, morals, and

values.

Soc ial Health The ability to interact effectively withother people and the social

environment, to develop satisfying

interpersonal relationships, and to

fulfill social roles.

Includes: having the respect for others, has supportive

relationships and expresses needs to others.

Intellectu al Health Using “brain power” effectively to meet

challenges and the ability to think clearly

and to reason objectively

Environmenta l

Health

The impact your world has on your

well-being and the appreciation of the

external environment and one’s role to

preserve, protect, and improve its

conditions

Has a clean and un-crowded living space. Recycles

used paper, glass products and aluminum.

Healthy People 2020 Goals

Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventabledisease, disability, injury, and premature death.

Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and

improve health in all groups. Create social and physical environments that

promote good health for all.

Promote quality of life, healthy development, and

healthy behaviors across all life stages.

Healthy People 2020

Determinants of Health

Four Leading Causes of Chronic

Diseases in the United States

What Influences Your Health?

Economic factors: disadvantages include lackingaccess to quality education; living in poor housing;

being unable to pay for nourishing food, clothes,

shoes; not being able to afford utilities,

medications, etc.

Having insecure employment, or being stuck in a

low-paying job with few benefits

Having few assets to fall back on

The built environment –

improvements proposed includesidewalks, bike lanes as part of

every federally funded road

project

Availability of supermarkets

selling fresh foods instead of

side-by-side fast-food outlets in

inner-city neighborhoods

Pollutants and infectious agents

in the air we breathe, our land,

water, and food

Policymaking –

policies that ban smoking, lawsmandating seat belt use in vehicles and helmets on

bikes, policies that require you to be vaccinated before

enrolling in classes, and laws that prohibit drinking

and driving and cell phone use while driving

Health services – access to quality health care,

including counseling and mental health services;

access to information and products such as eyeglasses

Health disparities –

defined as preventable

differences in the burden of disease, injury, violence,

or opportunities to achieve optimal health

The Challenge of Health

Disparities Dramatic health disparities exist among people of certain

racial and ethnic backgrounds.

The number of people uninsured or underinsured is large

and growing.

Men and women experience major differences in rates ofdisease and disability.

Economic status can influence health.

Gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender individuals may lack

social support and may be denied health benefits due tounrecognized marital status.

Disabled individuals may lack services that would enhance

their life quality.

How Can You Improve Your

Health Behaviors?

Change is not easy.

To successfully change a behavior, you need to see

change as a process that requires preparation, has

several steps or stages, and takes time to succeed.

Models of Behavior Change

Three different types

The health belief model

The social cognitive model

The transtheoretical model

The Health Belief Model

Developed by Rosenstock in 1966

Health behavior change is more likely if

There is a perceived seriousness of the health

problemThere is a perceived susceptibility to the health

problem

There are cues to action

Social Cognitive Model

Three factors interact in a reciprocal fashion to promote behavior change

Social environment in which we live

Our inner thoughts and feelingsOur behaviors

We change our behavior in part by observing

models in our environment.

Transtheoretical Model

Pre-contemplationstage

Contemplation

stage Preparation stage

Action stage

Maintenance stage

Termination stage

Precontemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance Termination

Consciousness raising

Social liberation

Emotional arousalSelf-reevaluation

Commitment

Rewards

Countering

Environmental control

Helping relationships

The Stages of Change and

Some Change Processes

What Are The Stages Of Change?

contemplat ion

Individuals have no intentions of

making a change in the next six

months.

Contemplat ion Individuals are aware they have a

problem behavior and are

considering changing within the

next six months.

Preparat ion Individuals intend to change a

problem behavior within the next

month.

Act ion Individuals are modifying theirbehavior according to their plan.

Maintenance Individuals have continued towork at changing their behavior

and have avoided relapse for at

least six months.

Terminat ion Often after two to five yearsbehaviors can become so

deeply ingrained that a person

cannot imagine abandoning it.

Steps to Behavior Change

Step 1: Increase your awareness

Step 2: Contemplate change

- Identify a target behavior

- Learn more about the target behavior- Assess your motivation and readiness to

change

- Develop self-efficacy and cultivate an

internal locus of control

Step 3: Prepare for changeSet a realistic goal: a realistic goal is one that you

truly can achieve.

Anticipate barriers to change that may includeOverambitious goals

Self-defeating beliefs and attitudes

Failing to accurately assess your current state of

wellness

Lack of support and guidance

Emotions that sabotage your efforts and sap your

Use the SMART SystemUnsuccessful goals are vague, open-ended;

successful goals are SMART.

S pecific Measurable

Action-oriented

R ealistic

Time-oriented

Enlist Others as Change Agents

The social-cognitive model recognizes the

importance of social contacts, including watching

others change successfully (modeling).

Family members

Friends

Professionals

A signed contract

Step 4: Take action to change

Visualize the new behavior

Learn to counter by substituting a desired behavior

for an undesired behavior Control the situation

Change your self-talk

Reward yourself

Journal

Are you ready to change an

unhealthy behavior?

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