assembly reforms france - ms. mcfarland's...

11/17/2014

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Monday, November 17, 2014

Take Out:

• HW!

– AKA Friday’s classwork

• Writing utensil

• Notes

Homework: Online – Revolution Brings Reform & Terror

Friday � Quiz! French Revolution

Today:

• The French Revolution

• Revolution Brings Reform & Terror

Revolution Brings Reform & Terror

Assembly Reforms France

• August 4, 1789 – action at the National

Assembly

• � Old Regime is dead

• Commoners = nobles = clergy = NO ESTATES

Assembly Reforms France

• Later in August, 1789:

• Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the

Citizen

• � document declaring rights of man & key

ideas of the revolution

• “Men are born and remain free and equal in

rights.”

Assembly Reforms France

• Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

• Rights = “liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression”

• Guaranteed citizens: equal, justice, freedoms of speech and religion

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Assembly Reforms France

• Slogan of the Revolution:

• “Liberty,

Equality,

Fraternity”

Assembly Reforms France

• Assembly decides to take over

church land

• Sell land to pay off France’s

debt

Assembly Reforms France

• This means…

• Church taken under state

control

• � church officials work for

government

• Peasant reaction =

Assembly Reforms France

• This means…

• Church taken under state

control

• � church officials work for

government

• Peasant reaction = Angry!

Louis XVI & Family

• Louis XVI living in Paris with family

• June, 1791 – royal family tries to escape to Austrian Netherlands

• Captured and taken back to Paris

Divisions Grow in National Assembly

• Next 2 years: National Assembly argues over

constitution

• September, 1791 – Louis approves new gvt

• New gvt: Legislative Assembly

• � a constitutional monarchy

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• However: Old problems still remain (lack of food, government debt)

• Legislative Assembly splits into 3 groups over how to handle these problems

• � these groups arewithin the government

• Radicals: want major changes

• � on LEFT!

• Moderates: want some changes (nothing crazy)

• � MIDDLE!

• Conservatives: want no changes

• � on RIGHT!

• Legislative Assembly splits into 3 groups over

how to handle these problemsDivisions Grow

• Also groups outside of

government too

• Emigres: nobles and

others who had left France

• � want Old Regime back

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War & Terror

• Other countries in Europe worried

• � could revolution happen here?

War & Terror

• Austria and Prussia want Louis back as king

• April, 1792 � Legislative Assembly declares war

on Austria & Prussia

War & Terror

• By summer, 1792 � Prussian forces closing in on Paris

• Will destroy Paris if anything happensto royal family

• Threat angerspeople of Paris

War & Terror

• August 10, 1792 – 20,000 French men and

women invaded palace where royal family is

living

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War & Terror

• August 10, 1792 – 20,000 men and women

invaded palace where royal family is living

• Mob kills royal guards

• Takes Louis, Marie Antoinette, and children

prisoners

War & Terror• Rumors spread that prisoners plan to break

out and free King Louis

War & Terror

• “September Massacres”

• murder over 1,000 nobles, priests, and royal supporters

• Citizens in Paris angry and scared

• � respond by raiding prisons

Government Changes… Again• Legislative Assembly throws out constitution from

1791

• Fall, 1792: New government = National Convention

• � new election! New government!

Government Changes… Again

• New government = National Convention

• � new election! New government!

• France = now a Republic

(no more king & monarchy!)

• All adult male citizens can vote / hold office

– (but not women…)

French Revolution… So Far

1789 17991794

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Jacobins Take Control

• Jacobins: radical political organization

• - on LEFT!

• Most of people involved in changes in 1792

• Now take control of government

Jacobins Take Control• January 21, 1793 – King Louis XVI executed

– Ordered by Jacobins

Jacobins Take Control

• Maximilien Robespierre = Jacobin leader

• Head of Committee of

Public Safety

Jacobins Take Control

• “Reign of Terror” � period when Robespierre

controlled France

• 1793 – 1794

• Used the guillotine

to execute “enemies”

Reign of Terror• “Reign of Terror” � period when Robespierre

controlled France

• 1793 – 1794

- 40,000 executed

- 85% � peasants or

urban poor

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Reign of Terror Ends• Reign of Terror ends as people fear for their lives

July 28, 1794

– Robespierre sent to

the guillotine

Reign of Terror Ends• Reign of Terror ends � people fear for their lives

• Thermidorian Reaction

- radical revolution base

loses power

– More moderate,

central group takes over

LEFT – CENTER – RIGHT