asexual/sexual reproduction

Asexual/Sexual Reproduction

Bacteria• Bacteria reproduce Asexually and Sexually.• Asexual – Binary Fission• Sexual – Conjugation

Protista• Protists reproduce Asexually and Sexually.• Asexual – Mitosis/Cell Division• Sexual – Meiosis creates sex cells; two sex

cells join to form a new organism. This depends on the specific type of protist.

Fungi• Fungi reproduce Asexually and Sexually

• Spore – waterproof reproductive cell that can grow into a new organism.

• Hyphae – a mass of many-celled, threadlike tubes that make of the body of fungi.

• Fungi are not identified as “male” or “female”

Fungi Cont.• Asexual – involve spores created by

mitosis/cell division; these spores grow to be a new organism.

• Sexual – involves the hyphae of two genetically different fungi of the same species; the hyphae join and a reproductive structure will grow. After meiosis occurs in these structures, spores are produced that grow into fungi.

Plants• Plants reproduce Asexually and Sexually

• Plants were originally found in water and made adaptations to survive on land.

• Plants evolved to create water-resistant spores or seeds (found in cones or flowers/fruits)

Seedless Plants• These plants reproduce using spores.

– Ex: Ferns, Mosses, Liverworts and Hornworts

Seed Plants• Gymnosperms – plants that produce seeds

that are not protected by fruit; they do not have flowers (evergreens).

• There are 4 types of Gymnosperms – Conifers, Cycads, Ginkgoes, and Gnetophytes.– Conifers (pines, firs, spruce) produce two types of

cones – male and female. • They are both found on the same plant. • Cones are the reproductive structures of conifers.• Seeds develop on the female cones.

Seed Plants Cont.• Angiosperms – plant that flowers and

produces fruits with one or more seeds.– Seeds are produced on the inside or outside of the

fruit.

Animals• Animals reproduce sexually.– Animals require both sex cells, sperm and egg, to

reproduce.• Exception to the Rule– Starfish

• Reproduce sexually (male and female starfish) • Reproduce asexually through Regeneration (limbs, arms, spines, some

body parts) and some split themselves on purpose to create two new organisms.