art appreciation 4
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ART APPRECIATION
SEMIV
Prof.
G.Karteek
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STYLE
RepresentsaresponsetoCULTURE
FashionorPopulartrend
Also re erred to as ISMS
AlsoreferredtoasISMS
SYMMETRY
SCALE
PROPORTION
FORM
FUNCTION
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STYLE
AppreciationoftheaffectofeachISMonsucceedingstylesisimportant.
All
design
comes
from
the
understanding
of
precedent
Historical,
Cultural
or
Social
Parameters
es e c unc ona
Appropriateness:RelatestotheContemporaryCulture
Architecturalconce tsandIdeashavetobeaccommodativetochan in CULTURES USERS
andFUNCTIONS.
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BeauxArts
,
classical style taught at L'Ecole des Beaux Arts in
Paris in the 19th century. Influenced the last
The style was popularized during the 1893
Columbian Ex osition in Chica o in 1893.
KeyElementsSymmetricalfacade
Roofs:flat,lowpitchedPalais Garnier isacornerpiece ofBeauxArtsarchitecture
Wallsurfaceswithdecorative garlands,floralpatterns,
or cartouches drippingwithsculpturalornament
Facadeswith quoins, pilasters,or columns (usuallypaired
with Ionic or Corinthian capitals)
Wallsofmasonry(usuallysmooth,lightcolored stone)
Firststorymaybe rusticated
Largeandgrandiosecompositions
Exuberanceofdetailandvarietyofstonefinishes
Projectingfacadesorpavilions
PairedcolossalcolumnsandEnrichedmoldings
Freesandingstatuary,Windows:framedbyfreestanding
columns,balustraded sill,andpedimented entablatureontopPronouncedcornicesandenrichedentablaturesaretoppedwith
atallparapet,balustrade,oratticstory
SanFranciscoWarMemorialOperaHouse,completed
1932
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Modernism
Europe nurtured the seeds of the modern
movement in Architecture through a well
known se uence of events and manifestos that
came about to answer BeauxArts attitude.
ModernArchitecture
Evolved to reconcile an idealized vision of
soc ety w t orces o n ustr a evo ut on.
ItwasanAttitude
Division of Labour Design of a product is
seperated from its meaning.
and should be made a better place for all.
Standardization Set of styles and ways of
SeagramBuilding,NewYork
solving problems using set of patterns.
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ModernArchitecture
Modernist architecture emphasizes function. Itattempts to provide for specific needs rather than
imitate nature. The roots of Modernism may be found
n e wor o er o u er n , a
Russian architect.
Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art at
Cornell Universit b I.M.Pie
Reform of the materialist city and its replacement by a
supposedly more Humane and harmonious order enriched
throu h contact with nature.
Simplication ofFORM
Eliminationofornament
FormfollowsFunction
Lessismore(LouisSullivan)
Melnikov House near Arbat Street in
Moscow by Konstantin Melnikov.
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BauhausStyle
F at roo s, smoot aca es an cu ic s apescharacterize the Bauhaus style.
Bauhaus is a German expression meaning house for
building.
In 1919, the economy in Germany was collapsing after a.
head a new institution that would help rebuild the country
and form a new social order. Called the Bauhaus, the
Institution called for a new "rational" social housing for the
workers.
Bauhaus architects rejected "bourgeois"
NewUnitybetweenARTandTechnology
, ,
decorative details. They wanted to use
principles of Classical architecture in their
most ure form: without ornamentation of
any kind.
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ART
rt earlier was referred to any skill or mastery.
rt s a
To make A STATEMENTof some kind
Communicating an IDEA, an EMOTION or a PURPOSE
Provides a creative platform for discussions and
creates opportunity for change in thought or
.
ARTandARCHITECTUREareintegraltoeachother
andoftentheformsandmeaningsofonecollapses
intotheother.
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AESTHETICS
esthetics is the study ofbeauty and taste.
aesthetics as a unitary and selfsufficient type of
human experience.ArchitecturalAestheticsrelatestoHistory,Culture
andReligion.
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SCALEPROPORTION
Scaleisthesizeofsomethingcomparedtoareferencestandardortothesizeofsomething.
Proportionisharmoniousrelationofoneparttoanotherortothewhole.
ScalereferstoPERCEPTIONorJUDGEMENTof
Structuralproportion
Manufacturedproportion
es zeo some ng nre a on osome ng
else.
VISUALSCALE
HUMANSCALE
Proportioningsystemsgobeyondfunctionaland
Consistentsetofvisualrelationships
technicaldeterminantstoprovideaesthetic
rationale.
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PROPORTIONANDSCALE
Phi= 0.618034
Phi appears throughout
Fibonacci series
0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,
natural world at all sizes.
Golden rectangle 1 : 1.618
i.e 1 : 1+ phi
= + =
Each successive number is determined by
adding the two previous numbers.
the golden ratio.
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PROPORTIONANDSCALE
The MODULOR: A Harmonious measure to the Human scale
universally applicable to Architecture and Mechanics
HUMAN SCALE
VISUAL SCALE
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PROPORTIONANDSCALE
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EXPRESSIONISM
The Scream Expressionism
oil on canvas 1893 by
Edward Munch
The art form that distorts reality to produce a
highly emotional effect , exhibited in painting,
literature film architecture and music.
ItfocussedonExpressivecharacterandmodeof
communication,useofdistortionandexaggeration.
Itemergedastheavantgardemovementinpoetry
.
Depictsnotobjectiverealitybutratherthe
sub ectiveemotionsandres onses.
Characterized by symbolic colours, distorted forms,a twodimensional careless manner and larger
thanlife imagery.
Erich Mendelsohn's Einstein
Tower in Potsdam, Germany
completed in 1921
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DESTIJL(TheStyle)
Dutch Artistic movement found in 1917
lso known as NEOPLASTICISM The new
plastic Art.
Designer, writer, and critic
,
Painters
Piet Mondrian 18721944
Vilmos Huszr (18841960), and
Bart van der Leck (18761958),
rchitects
Gerrit Rietveld (18881964),
Robert van 't Hoff (18871979), and
J.J.P. Oud (18901963)
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CONSTRUCTIVIST ARCHITECTURE
CollectivehousingDesign
by NikolaiLadovsky,1920
Emerged from the wider constructivistart movement, which grew out ofRussian Futurism
in 1919.
It was not strictly an art movement but rather a
trend in the arts that was closely linked with
industry and manufacturing, architecture and the
applied arts.
The term constructivism was first coined by the
movements leading artists Naum Gabo and
Antoine Pevsner. Tatlin towerbyRussianartistandarchitectVladimir
Tatlin
architecture which involved advance technology
and engineering with a Communist Social
Main features
Acceptance of modernity
Abstract art
Emphasis on geometric shapes and
experimentation
Optimistic and Objective
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METABOLISTMOVEMENT
Future vision for Cities inhabited by a Mass societywere characterized by
Large scale
ex e an
Expandable structures that facilitate an organic
growth processKisho Kurokawa is one of the founders of the Metabolism
and others who demonstrated the philosophy were Kenzo
Tango, Kisho Kikutake, Takashi Asada, Noboru Kawazoe,
ClustersintheAirin196062forTokyobyArata Isozaki. GraphicArtsCentrebyPaulRudolph
, .
Often calledTechnocraticalso.
apsu e ower y s o uro awa
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POPART
towards the end of the 1950's in England and the
United States. Artistic techniques and themes are
,
comic books and mundane cultural objects . Pop Art
employs images of popular culture in art.
op removes e ma er a rom s con ex an so a es
the object.
Origin in North America and Great Britain
Eduardo Paolozzi. I was a Rich Man's Plaything (1947) isconsidered the initial standard bearer of "pop art" and first
to display the word "pop.
Two im ortant ainters in the establishment of
DrowningGirlby RoyLichtenstein, 1963
America'spopartvocabularywere Jasper
Johns and RobertRauschenberg.
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SURREALISM
"
Surrealism is a cultural movement that began inthe early 1920s.
unconscious mind". It attempts to "liberate" the mind
from every day reality, to simulate a "dreamlike" state
that is truer than our own reality element of surprise and
unexpected juxtapositions.
20thcenturyweredirectlyorindirectlyinfluencedby
Surrealism.
Dali and Magritte created the most widely recognized
images of the movement.
Magritte's VoiceofSpace (LaVoixdesairs)
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ABSTRACTEXPRESSIONISM
Abstract expressionism was an American post
World War II art movement.
The movement gets its name because it is seen as
combining the emotional intensity and self
expression of the German Expressionists with theantifigurative aesthetic of the European abstract
schools such as Futurism, the Bauhaus and
Synthetic Cubism. JaneFrank (19181986): CragsandCrevices,1961
Additionally, it has an image of being rebellious and
.
An important predecessor is surrealism, with its
,
subconscious creation
MarkdiSuvero, Aurora, 19921993
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CUBISM
Cubism was a 20th century avantgarde artmovement, pioneered by Pablo
Picasso and Georges Braque.
In "cubist" artworks, objects are broken up,
Often there is no coherent sense of depth in these
works as the surfaces often intersect at seemin l
random angles.
A "cubist" work usually has the background and
object planes "interpenetrate" one another,
creating the ambiguous shallow space that is
characteristic of cubism.
Pablo Picasso, Le guitariste, 1910, oil on canvas,
Centre Georges Pompidou,Paris. An exampleof Analytic Cubism
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LECORBUSIERSfivepointsofarchitecture
Herzog and Meuron
Le CorbusierLe Corbusier
David Chi er ield
MVRDV
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