applied design. objectives for this lesson study the origins of gemstones and minerals discover...
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Objectives for this lesson Study the origins of gemstones and minerals
Discover how the periodic table contributes to gemstone and mineral creation
Use knowledge of gemstone and mineral creation to grow jewelry crystals
Understand how knowledge of Earth and other terrestrial planet minerals relate to art
The Periodic Table of Elements Follow along on your periodic tables
Make notes of each group’s properties as we discuss the elements
Highlight materials with which you are familiar
Keep your notes for our next project
The Periodic Table of Elements Nine major sections based on atomic
number and elemental properties Create near-perfect rows based on
chemical properties Table lists atomic symbol, number,
weight, and chemical name Indicate natural state (solid, liquid, or
gas) Indicate whether it is manmade or
synthetic
Alkali Metals
Hydrogen (H) Lithium (Li) Sodium (Na) Potassium (K) Rubidium (Rb) Cesium (Cs) Francium (Fr)
Alkali Metals
One electron in outer shell
Highly reactive with water
Hydrogen found naturally as a gas
All other elements found as solids
No synthetics in this group
Alkaline Earth Metals
Beryllium (Be) Magnesium (Mg) Calcium (Ca) Strontium (St) Barium (Ba) Radium (Ra)
Alkaline Earth Metals
Two electrons in outer shell
Also reactive but not as reactive as the Alkali Metals
Radium is radioactive
All elements found as solids
No synthetics in this group
Boron Group
Boron (B) Aluminum (Al) Gallium (Ga) Indium (In) Thallium (Tl) Element 113 has not yet been
discovered
Boron Group
Three electrons in outer shell
All found solid in nature
Boron considered a metalloid
All others considered metals
Carbon Group
Four electron in the outer shell
Become increasingly more metallic as you go down the column
All are found as solids except element 114
Element 114 is synthetic
Nitrogen Group
Five electrons in outer shell
Most people recognize more elements in this group than any other
Nitrogen found as a gas and makes up about 78% of the earth’s atmosphere
All other elements found as solids
Oxygen Group
Six electrons in the outer shell
Oxygen makes up about 20% of the Earth’s atmosphere (many people think it’s most of our air)
All are found as solids except Oxygen
Halogens (or Fluorine Group) Seven electrons in the outer shell
Fluorine and Chlorine found as gases
Bromine found as a liquid
Iodine and Astatine found as solids
Noble Gases
Eight electrons in the outer shell, or full valence shells
Do not create compounds easily since their valence shells are full
Were originally thought to be inert
All are found naturally as gases
Transition Metals
Consists of 68 different elements
Some elements include Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Silver (Ag), Cadmium (Cd), Gold (Au), Mercury (Hg), and Uranium (U)
Element 101 (Mendelevium) was named after Dmitri Mendeleev-the creator of the first periodic table
Transition Metals
Properties vary between transition metals, hence the name
Most are found as solids
Mercury is found as a liquid
Elements 43, 61, and 93-114 are synthetics
Activity
Use this time to familiarize yourself with the periodic table
In 5 minutes we will have a quiz game over the periodic table
Project
Create a periodic table of elements using paint samples
Use the colors to show the different properties of each elemental group
Label each group and element
Gemstones and Minerals
Formed when elements combine chemically
Some mineral combinations form attractive qualities and are labeled as precious or semi-precious
Most gemstones used in jewelry are silicates
Most minerals and metals are either natural elements or silicates
Gemstones
Crystalline Quartz (including rose quartz, blue quartz, citrine, tiger's eye, amethyst, smoky quartz and milky quartz)
Cryptocrystalline Quartz (including agate, jasper, onyx, and flint)
Opal (common opal, hyalite, geyserite, and tripolite)
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