application of dsp in biomedical engineering

APPLICATION OF DSP IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

BY: 14ES38(GL),14ES112,14ES28,14ES72,14ES44

AGENDA

• BACKGROUND INFOMATION

• INTRODUCTION

• APPLICATION OF DSP IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

• ECG

• HEARING AID

• MRI

• MEDICINE

• CONCLUSION

• REFERENCES

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

• A historical trend of the last half-century is the replacement of

analog signals by digital signals.

• [1] It was in the 1960s that a discipline of digital signal processing began to form.

• Two very important advantages to digital signals:

i. Digital signals can be reproduced exactly

ii. Digital signals can be manipulated easily.

• Today digital signal processing is a major branch of engineering.

INTRODUCTION

• DSP SYSTEM:

• Without DSP, it would not be easy to analyze and visualize data and perform their design, and so on.

• DSP is very often used method in a biomedical engineering research.

• Medical instruments would be less efficient for precise diagnoses if there were no digital electrocardiography (ECG) analyzers or digital x-rays and medical image systems.

APPLICATION OF DSP IN BIOMEDICAL

ENGINEERING

DSP APPLICATIONS

EEGMEDICINEMRIHEARING

AID

HEARING AID

• A hearing aid is simply an electronic sound amplifier.

• You've seen people on stage speak into a microphone and have their voices hugely amplified by giant loudspeaker so crowds can hear them.

• A hearing aid works exactly the same way, except that the micro phone, amplifier, and loudspeaker (and the battery that powers them) are built into a small, discreet, plastic package worn behind the ear.

• Types: Analog Hearing Aid and Digital Hearing Aid

ANALOG HEARING AID

DIGITAL HEARING AID(DSP OR DIGITAL

SIGNAL PROCESSOR)

ADVANTAGES

ANALOG HEARING AID

• Generally cost less than digital hearing aids

• Are sometimes more powerful than digital hearing aids

• Long time hearing aid users sometimes prefer analog over digital

DIGITAL HEARING AID

• Can be programmed with noise reduction algorithms to help reduce background noise

• Highly programmable for various listening environments

• Most flexible and adjustable for specific user needs

MRI

A real-time-time cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system has been implement using digital signal processing (DSP) technology.

The system enables real-time acquisition, processing and display of cardiac movies at moderate video rates of 20 images/sec.

WHAT IS MRI

Hydrogen atom nucleus (proton) is acting as micro magnet.

Human body is full of proton in every organ and tissues but with different concentration in different structure.

“That’s where the “M” agnetic of MRI comes from”

Each proton is rotating around its axis as 63,000,000

rotation per second

now we need to capture the emitted energy from RF

coil.

When the RF power is sent (at 63MHz), protons from

whole body respond.

It is needed to select certain “slice” to image

Now the 63MHz RF pulse excites only the 63MHz slice that’s the

“R”esonance of MRI comes from

Remember human body is 3D, slice direction can be determined by using

any of three(x,y,z) gradient i:e. Axial, Sagittal, Coronal

MEDICINE

WHAT IS BLOOD PRESSURE?

Description:

• Blood pressure is one of physiological variables,

• Sphygmomanometer, which determines the blood pressure with other means ,such as heart signals.

• BP indicates the force with which blood is driven through the heart.

• It is divided into two sections

i)Systole

ii)Diastole

THE ACQUISITION OF A BLOOD

PRESSURE SIGNAL

• A blood pressure (BP) signal contains clinically relevant components up to about 20 Hz.

• The signal is contaminated by noise at the mains frequency (50Hz) and other noise (mainly below 50 Hz) may also be present.

• Now ,what should be sampling rate?

EEG

EEG stand for electro-encephalo-graph

Recording of electrical signals from human brain

signal's parameters and patterns indicate the health of the brain

EEG is the key area of biomedical data analysis

DSP functions are used to analyze the EEG signals

CHARACTERISTICS AND ORIGIN OF

BRAIN WAVES

DSP BASED ANALYTICAL METHODS

Spectral estimation

Periodogram

Maximum entropy method

AR method

ARMA method

Maximum likelihood method

CONCLUSION

• The importance of DSP in biomedical engineering is quite clear now.

• Without DSP, it would not be convenient for doctors to give proper treatment to patient.

• Results would be uncertain without DSP.

• Efficiency of medical instruments is enhanced using DSP.

REFERENCES

http://ethw.org/Digital_Signal_Processing [1]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10504098

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.595.4711&rep=rep1...

http://www.slideshare.net/kanusinghal3/medical-applications-of-dsp?next_slideshow=1

https://www.isip.uni-luebeck.de/uploads/tx_wapublications/EEG_DWT_01.pdf

http://www.eeherald.com/section/design-guide/dg100008.html