(appendix 4-1) under the creation and furtherance of arboretums
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Jour. Korean For. Soc. Vol. 102, No. 1, pp. 1~21 (2013)
1
JOURNAL OF KOREAN FOREST SOCIETY
11 21*1 , 2
A Reconsideration of the List of National Endemic Plants (appendix 4-1) Under the Creation and Furtherance of
Arboretums Act Proposed by Korea Forest Service
Soo Kyung Park1, Hee-Young Gil1, Hui Kim2 and Chin-Sung Chang1*1Department of Forest Sciences and The Arboretum, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences,
Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Korea2Department of Medicinal Plants Resources, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun,
Jeollanam-do 534-729, Korea
: ( )
. 2005
, 2011 [ 1 4]
.
. 527, 360
(107) (416) 286
80% . , 67
(18.7%), 14(3.9%),
12(3.4%) 4 1(24.9%) . ,
(, unresolved candidates) 73(19.6%),
196(55.5%) 59(16.5%) . ,
, ,
.
,
.
Abstract: The existence of endemism in many parts of the world is an important factor for conservationists.
Conservation can only be carried out under national legislation, and national endemics, which have very limited
ranges, fully depend on the effort and success of conservation. A total of 523 vascular plant taxa were listed
in the latest national checklist by Ministry of Environment in 2005, while the Creation and Furtherance of
Arboretums Act including a national endemic list (appendix 4-1) was established by Korea Forest Service and
was legislated as a law in late 2011. This legislation by Korea Forest Service on endemism of Korean vascular
plants have required much attention because of discrepancies of nomenclature, taxonomic bias and inflation.
Examining data for both lists proposed by Ministry of Environment and Korea Forest Service, of the total of
360 legislated taxa, around 286 taxa are shared with the list of Ministry of Environment, of which about 80%
have been found as common taxa. Around 67(18.7%) are typographic errors, and 14 taxa (3.9%) are recorded
as illegitimate and invalidly published names. Through this analysis 12 taxa (3.4%) were found in China as well
as in Korea and these are thought to be non Korean endemic taxa. Taken together, the legislated list displayed
1/4 (24.9%) errors out of the total list. Only 59 taxa (16.5%) are identified as national endemic species. The
remainder are either unresolved candidates (73 taxa, 20.4%) or synonyms (196 taxa, 54.7%) status. It must be
noted, that the concept of endemism very much depends on the knowledge of the species concept, taxonomic
*Corresponding authorE-mail: quercus@snu.ac.kr
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2 102 1 (2013)
bias and geographical range of a species. Also, the most major nomenclatural problem tend to be more stable
if the information on database about Korea Plant Name, which is managed by Korea National Arboretum are
well updated year to year. These exaggerated numbers underscore the urgency for regional conservation planning
and implementing effective strategies to preserve these real endemic taxa into the future.
Key words : creation and furtherance of arboretums act, endemic species, Korean peninsula, nomenclature
( )
IUCN .
,
(Kruckeberg and Rabinowitz, 1985; Townsend et
al., 1998),
(bias)
. ,
,
, ,
.
Lee(1982)
, Paik(1994; 1999), Kim(2004), Kim et
al.(2009) , 10
(Lee et al., 1996; Oh et al.
2005) (Ministry of Environment,
2005, Kwon et al., 2011)
.
,
,
2011
[ 1 4]
(Creation and Furtherance of Arboretums Act. 2011).
,
, ,
,
.
(scientific name) , ,
(ICN; International Code of Nomenclature for algae,
fungi, and plants) . ,
,
(validly published name)
,
(legitimate name) (McNeill et al., 2012).
, , (
) (correct name accepted
name) .
(nomen nudum)
(illegitimate combination),
(invalidly published names) ,
(=Code;
McNeill et al., 2012)
(Chang et al., 2009).
(Chang and Kim, 2002;
Chang et al., 2009).
360
()
(Ministry of Environment, 2005, Kwon et al., 2011)
1 ,
.
(Kwon et al., 2011) (Creation
and Furtherance of Arboretums Act, 2011)
,
.
.
360
(Chang et al., 2011; Park, 2007)
, Kew The Plant List(http://
www.theplantlist.org/)
[Cho and Choi, 2011; Chung, 2012; Fuse
et al., 2004; Hyun et al., 2003; Jang et al., 1995,
1999; Kim et al., 2009; Kim, 2004a; Kim et al., 2010;
Ko et al., 2006; Lee and Ko, 2009; Lee and Im, 2007;
-
3
Table 1. Comparison of two independent lists of endemic plantsproposed by Ministry of Environment and Korea Forest
Services.
Ministry of Environment
Korea Forest Service
Number of forms (%) 107(20.5%) 000
Number of concordant species (%, excluding forms)
286(68.7%) 286 (79.7%)
Number of non concordant species (%, excluding forms)
130 (27.7%) 088 (24.5%)
Number of subtotal species (excluding forms)
416 358
Number of total species 523 358
Table 3. Typographic and orthographic errors on the list of national endemic plants (appendix 4-1) under the Creation and
Furtherance of Arboretums Act.
Scientific Name Vernacular Typographic or orthographic error
1 Achillea ptrarmica var. acuminata (Ledeb) Heimerl ptarmica
2 Aconitium chiisanense Nakai Aconitum
3 Aconogonon brachytrichum (Ohwi) Sojak. brachytrichum, (correction of family name)
4 Adenophora erecta S.T. Lee S. Lee, J. Lee & S. Kim
5 Adenophora kayasanensis Kitam Kitam.
6 Adenophora Koreana Kitam koreana, Kitam.
7 Adenophora obovata Kitam Kitam.
8 Adenophora pulchra Kitam Kitam.
9 Adenophora racemaosa J.K. Lee & S.T. Lee racemosa
10 Anemone korainsis Nakai koraiensis
11 Arundinaria munsuensis Y.N. Lee (correction of family name)
12 Asarum maculatum B.U. Oh & J.G. Kim Asarum misandrum B.U. Oh & J.G. Kim
13 Asperella coreanus (Honda) Neski coreana, (Honda) Nevski [Hystrix coreana (Honda) Ohwi]
14 Asperula lasiantha Nakai Asperula lasiantha
15 Boehmeria quelpaertense Satake quelpaertensis
16 Calamagrostis paishanensis Nakai (correction of family name)
17 Calamagrostis subacrochaeta Nakai (correction of family name)
18Calamagrostis arundinacea subsp. hymenoglossa (Ohwi) T. Koyama
Calamagrostis, arundinacea [Calamagrostis arundinacea(L.) Roth]
19 Carex aphanolepis var. mixta Nakai (correction of family name)
20 Carex sabynensis var. leiosperma Ohwi (correction of family name)
21 Clematis brachyura Maxim Maxim.
22 Cllianthemum insigne Nakai Callianthemum, (Nakai) Nakai [Callianthemum insigne(Nakai) Nakai]
Table 2. The current analyzed and categorized proportion of
the list of national endemic plants (appendix 4-1) under theCreation and Furtherance of Arboretums Act. proposed by
Korea Forest Services.
Number of taxa Percentage (%)
Endemics 59 16.5
Synonyms 196 54.7
Illegit & Invalid 14 3.9
Non endemics 12 3.4
Hybrids 4 1.1
Unresolved candidates 73 20.4
Total 358 100
Lee, 1998; Lim et al., 2005; Lim et al., 2003; Oh and
Ji, 2009; Paik and Lee, 1995; Roh et al., 2002; Shin and
Kim, 2008; Sin et al., 2002; Sun et al., 1993; Tae and
Ko, 1997; Tae et al., 2010]
(Table 5).
The International Plant Names
Index(http://www.ipni.org/) The Plant List(http://www.
theplantlist.org) .
(, 523)
(360
)
. (107)
. ,
,
(Table 1, Table 2).
1
, ,
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4 102 1 (2013)
Table 3. Continued.
Scientific Name Vernacular Typographic or orthographic error
23 Dendranthema coreanum (H. Lev. & Vaniot) VoroschVorosch. [Chrysanthemum coreanum (H. Lv. & Vaniot)Nakai]
24 Dendranthema indicum var. lucidum J.H. Pak [Dendranthema zawadskii var. lucidum (Nakai) J.H. Pak]
25 Erantis pungdoensis B.U. Oh Eranthis
26 Eriocaulon sphagnicolum Ohwi sphanocola
27 Euphobia subulatifolius Hurus. Euphorbia
28 Forsythia saxatilis Nakai (Nakai) Nakai
29 Geranium lasicaulon Nakai lasiocaulon
30 Geranium taebaek S.J. Park & Y.S. Kim taebaekense
31 Hepatica maxima Nakai (Nakai) Nakai
32Hololeion maximowiczii var. fauriei (H. Lv & Vaniot) Kitam.
(H. Lev. & Vaniot) J.H. Pak, incorrect author citation
33 Hosta yingeriS.B. Jones Hosta yingeri S.B. Jones
34 Huperzia integrifolia (Masuda) Z. Satou (Matsuda)B.llg. ex Satou[Huperzia integrifolia B. llg. ex Satou]
35 Ixeris chinodebilis Kitam Kitam.
36 Lamium takesimense Nakai takeshimense
37 Liliun hansonii Leichtlin Lilium, Leichtlin ex D.D.T. Moore
38 Liparis koreana Nakai (Nakai) Nakai
39 Luzula odaesanesis Y.N. Lee & Y.O. Chae in Y.N. Lee [Luzula odaesanesis Y.N. Lee & Y.O. Chae]
40 Mankyua chejuense B.-Y. Sun B.Y. Sun, M.H. Kim & C.H. Kim
41 Miscanthus changii Y.N. Lee (correction of family name)
42 Oxytropis strobilaca Bunge strobilacea
43 Patrina saniculifolia Hemsley Patrinia
44 Pedicularis hallaisanensis Hurus Hurus.
45 Poa kumgangsani Ohwi (correction of family name), kumgansanii
46 Poa takeshimana Honda (correction of family name)
47 Polygonatum grandicaule Y.S. Kim Y.S. Kim, B.U. Oh & C.G. Jang
48 Polygonatum infundiflorum Y.S. Kim Y.S. Kim, B.U. Oh & C.G. Jang
49Pseudolysimachion kiusiannum var. diamantiacum(Nakai) T. Yamaz.
kiusianum
50Pseudolysimachion kiusiannum var. glabrifolium(Kitag) T. Yamaz.
kiusianum, (Kitag.) T. Yamaz.
51 Pulsatilla nivals Nakai nivalis
52 Rubus tozawai Nakai ex T.H. Chung tozawae
53 Rubus tozawai var. longisepalus (Nakai) J.Y. Yang tozawae
54 Salix koriyanagi Kimura Kimura ex Goerz
55 Salvia chanroenica Nakai chanryoenica
56 Sasa chiisanensis (Nakai) Y.N. Lee (correction of family name)
57 Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai (correction of family name)
58 Saussurea diamantica Nakai diamantiaca
59 Senecio birobonensis Kitam. birubonensis
60 Sorbusa murensis var. rufa Nakai Sorbus amurensis
61 Taraxacum hallaisanense Nakai hallaisanene
62 Trapa bicornis L.f. Osbeck
63 Valeria nadageletiana Nakai ex F. Maek Valeriana degeletiana
64 Woodsia psudoilvensis Tagawa pseudoilvensis
65 Woodsia saitosana Tagawa saitoana
66 Zabelia tyaihyonii (T.H. Chung ex Nakai) (Nakai) Hisauti & H. Hara
67 Zostera geojeensis H.C. Shin H. Shin, Cho & Y.S. Oh
68 Scutellaria indica var. alba S. Kim & S. Lee (correction of family name)
69 Scutellaria indica var. coccinea S. Kim & S. Lee (correction of family name)
-
5
,
(Table 3).
2
(=, invalidly published name) (illegitimate
name) (Table 4) (Table 5)
. ,
,
(Table 6),
(Table 7), 1-2
Table 4. Illegitimate or invalidly published names at the lists of national endemic plants (appendix 4-1) under the Creation andFurtherance of Arboretums Act.
Scientific Name Vernacular Nomenclatural Status Possible name
1 Athyrium acutipinnulum Kodama ex Nakai Invalidly published name
2Buxus koreana (Nakai ex Rehder)T.H. Chung, P.S. Toh, D.B. Lee & F.J. Lee
Invalidly published name
3 Carex aphanolepis var. mixta Nakai Invalidly published name
4 Celtis cordifolia Nakai Later homonym
5 Eriocaulon latipetalum Y.C. Oh & C.S. Heo Invalidly published name
6 Huperzia integrifolia (Masuda) Z. Satou Later homonym[Huperzia integrifolia B.llg.ex Satou]
7 Impatiens violascens B.U. Oh & Y.Y. Kim Later homonymImpatiens violacea M. Kumar& Sequiera
8 Luzula odaesanesis Y.N. Lee & Y.O. Chae Invalidly published name
9 Parasenecio koraiensis (Nakai) B.U. Oh Illegitimate name Cacalia koraiensis Nakai
10 Populus glandulosa (Uyeki) Uyeki Later homonym
11Pseudolysimachion insulare (Nakai)T. Yamaz.
Later homonymPseudolysimachion nakaianum(Ohwi) T. Yamaz.
12 Rubus tozawae Nakai ex T.H. Chung Invalidly published name
13Rubus tozawae var. longisepalus (Nakai)J.Y. Yang
Invalidly published name
14 Vicia linearifolia Y.N. Lee Later homonym Vicia linearifolia Hook. & Arn.
Table 5. Possible synonym list among the national endemic plants from the current study.
Family Scientific Name Vernacular Correct name
1 ApiaceaePimpinella brachycarpa var. uchiyamana(Y. Yabe) Nakai
Pimpinella koreana (Y. Yabe) Nakai
2 ApiaceaePimpinella brachycarpa var. hallaisanensis W. Lee & G. Jang
Pimpinella brachycarpa (Kom.) Nakai
ApiaceaePimpinella hallaisanensis (W. Lee & G. Jang)G. Jang, W.K. Paik & W. Lee
Pimpinella brachycarpa (Kom.) Nakai
3 Apiaceae Sium ternifolium B.Y. Lee & S.C. Ko Sium serrum (Franch. & Sav.) Kitag.
4 Araceae Arisaema takesimense Nakai Arisaema serratum (Thunb.) Schott
5 AraceaeArisaema thunbergii subsp. geomundoenseS.C. Ko
Arisaema thunbergii subsp. urashima(H.Hara) H.Ohashi & J.Murata
6 Araceae Pinellia koreana K.H. Tae & J.H. Kim Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Makino
7 AraliaceaeEleutherococcus divaricatus var. chiisanensis(Nakai) C.H. Kim & B.Y. Sun
Eleutherococcus divaricatus (Siebold & Zucc.) S.Y.Hu
8 Aristolocaceae Asarum maculatum B.U. Oh & J.G. Kim Asarum misandrum B.U. Oh & J.G. Kim
9 Aristolocaceae Asarum patens (Yamaki) Y.N. Lee Asarum patens (Yamaki) Yamaki ex Y.N.Lee
10 Aristolocaceae Asarum maculatum Nakai Asarum sieboldii Miq.
11 AsteraceaeAchillea alpina subsp. rhodoptarmica (Nakai)Kitam.
Achillea alpina L.
12 AsteraceaeAchillea ptarmica var. acuminata (Ledeb)Heimerl
Achillea acuminata (Ledebour) SchultzBipontinus
13 AsteraceaeAster chusanensis Y.S. Lim, J.O. Hyun,Y.D. Kim & H.C. Shin
Aster spathulifolius Maxim.
14 Asteraceae Aster hayatae H. Lev. & Vaniot Aster altaicus Willd.
15 Asteraceae Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae Kitam. Aster altaicus Willd.
16 Asteraceae Aster pseudoglehnii Y.S. Lim, Hyun & H. Shin Aster trinervis subsp. ageratoides
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6 102 1 (2013)
Table 5. Continued.
Family Scientific Name Vernacular Correct name
17 AsteraceaeCrepidiastrum koidzumianum (Kitam.)J.H. Pak & Kawano
Paraixeris koidzumiana (Kitam.) Tzvelev
18 AsteraceaeDendranthema coreanum (H. Lv. & Vaniot)Vorosch.
Chrysanthemum coreanum (H. Lv. &Vaniot) Nakai
19 AsteraceaeHololeion maximowiczii var. fauriei(H. Lv. & Vaniot) Kitam.
Hololeion maximowiczii Kitam.
20 Asteraceae Ixeris chinodebilis Kitam. Ixeris chinodebilis
21 Asteraceae Ligularia fischeri var. spiciformis Nakai Ligularia fischeri (Ledeb.) Turcz.
22 Asteraceae Ligularia taquetii (H. Lv. & Vaniot) Nakai Ligularia mongolica (Turcz.) DC.
23 AsteraceaeSaussurea maximowiczii var. triceps (H. Lv.)Kitam.
Saussurea maximowiczii Herder
24 Asteraceae Saussurea polylepis Nakai Saussurea grandifolia Maxim.
25 Asteraceae Saussurea grandicapitula W.K. Lee & H.T. Im Saussurea diamantica Nakai
26 Asteraceae Saussurea uchiyamana Nakai Saussurea seoulensis Nakai
27 Asteraceae Saussurea macrolepis (Nakai) Kitam. Saussurea grandifolia Maxim.
28 Asteraceae Parasenecio pseudotamingasa (Nakai) B.U. Oh Parasenecio firmus (Kom.) Y.L. Chen
29 Asteraceae Taraxacum hallaisanense Nakai Taraxacum mongolicum Hand-Mazz.
30 AsteraceaeArtemisia japonica var. hallaisanensis (Nakai) Kitam.
Artemisia hallaisanensis Nakai
31 Asteraceae Dendranthema sinchangense (Uyeki) Kitam. Dendranthema zawadskii (Herbich)Tzvelev
32 AsteraceaeDendranthema zawadskii var. lucidum (Nakai)J.H. Pak
Dendranthema zawadskii (Herbich)Tzvelev
33 Berberidaceae Berberis amurensis var. quelpaertensis Nakai Berberis amurensis Rupr.
34 Betulaceae Betula ermanii var. saitoana (Nakai) Hatusima Betula ermanii Cham.
35 Brassicaceae Arabis columnaris Nakai Arabis serrata Franch. & Sav.
36 Brassicaceae Rorippa apetala Y.Y. Kim & B.OU. Oh Rorippa globosa (Turcz. ex Fisch. &C.A. Mey.) Hayek
37 Brassicaceae Cardamine pseudowasabi H. Shin & Y.D. Kim Cardamine yezoensis Maxim.
38 Campanulaceae Adenophora erecta S.T. Lee, J.K. Lee & S.T. Kim Adenophora remotiflora (Siebold & Zucc.)Miq.
39 Campanulaceae Adenophora koreana Kitam. Adenophora pereskiifolia (Fisch. exSchult.) G.Don
40 Campanulaceae Adenophora obovata Kitam. Adenophora polyantha Nakai
41 Campanulaceae Adenophora pulchra Kitam. Adenophora triphylla (Thunb.) A. DC.
42 Campanulaceae Adenophora racemosa J.K. Lee & S.T. Lee Adenophora pereskiifolia (Fisch. exSchult.) G.Don
43 Campanulaceae Adenophora taquetii H.Lv. Adenophora gmelinii (Biehler) Fisch.
44 Campanulaceae Adenophora verticillata var. abbreviata H. Lv. Adenophora triphylla (Thunb.) A. DC.
45 Campanulaceae Campanula takesimana Nakai Campanula punctata Lam.
46 Campanulaceae Hanabusaya latisepala Nakai Hanabusaya asiatica (Nakai) Nakai
47 Campanulaceae Adenophora kayasanensis Kitam. Adenophora divaricata Franch. & Sav.
48 CaprifoliaceaeLonicera tatarinovii var. leptantha (Rehder)Nakai
Lonicera tatarinowii Maxim.
49 CaprifoliaceaeLonicera maximowiczii var. atifolia (Ohwi)Hara
Lonicera maximowiczii (Rupr. exMaxim.) Rupr. ex Maxim.
50 Caryophyllaceae Pseudostellaria bulbosa (Nakai) Nakai
Pseudostellaria palibiniana = Pseudos-tellaria okamotoi = Pseudostellaria set-ulosa = Pseudostellaria japonica??
51 Caryophyllaceae Pseudostellaria coreana (Nakai) Ohwi Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax
52 Caryophyllaceae Pseudostellaria monantha Ohwi Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax
53 Caryophyllaceae Pseudostellaria okamotoi Ohwi Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax
54 Caryophyllaceae Pseudostellaria setulosa Ohwi Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax
55 Celastraceae Euonymus alatus var. uncinatus Nakai Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Siebold
56 Clusiaceae Hypericum chejuense S.J. Park & K.J. Kim Hypericum erectum Thunb.
57 ClusiaceaeHypericum jeongjock sanense S.J. Park &K.J. Kim
Hypericum laxum (Blume) Koidz.=Hypericum japonicum Thunb.
58 Crassulaceae Hylotelephium viridescens (Nakai) H. Ohba Hylotelephium erythrostictum (Miq.)H. Ohba
59 Crassulaceae Sedum latiovalifolium Y.N. Lee Sedum kamtschaticum Fisch.
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7
Table 5. Continued.
Family Scientific Name Vernacular Correct name
60 Crassulaceae Sedum takesimense Nakai Sedum kamtschaticum Fisch.
61 Crassulaceae Sedum zokuriense Nakai Sedum middendorffianum Maxim.
62 Dryopteridaceae Athyrium nakaii Tagawa Dryopteris goeringiana (Kunze) Koidz.
63 Dryopteridaceae Woodsia psudoilvensis Tagawa Woodsia intermedia Tagawa
64 Dryopteridaceae Woodsia saitoana Tagawa Woodsia polystichoides D.C. Eaton
65 EriocaulonaceaeEriocaulon glaberrimum var. platypetalum(Satake) Satake
Eriocaulon alpestre Hook.f. & Thomsonex Krn.
66 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia subulatifolius Hurus. Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr.
67 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia fauriei H. Lv. & Vaniot Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr.
68 Fabaceae Maackia fauriei (H. Lv.) Takeda Maackia floribunda (Miq.) Takeda
69 Fagaceae Quercus glauca var. nudata Blume Quercus glauca Thunb.
70 Fumariaceae Corydalis hallaisanensis H. Lv. Corydalis lineariloba Siebold & Zucc.
71 Fumariaceae Corydalis albipetala B.U. Oh Corydalis humilis B.U. Oh & Y.S. Kim
72 Fumariaceae Corydalis maculata B.U. Oh & Y.S. Kim Corydalis humilis B.U. Oh & Y.S. Kim
73 Fumariaceae Corydalis misandra B.U. Oh Corydalis humilis B.U. Oh & Y.S. Kim
74 Gentianaceae Gentiana chosenica Okuyama Gentiana aquatica var. pseudoaquatica(Kusn.) S. Agrawal
75 Gentianaceae Gentiana wootchuliana W.K. Paik Gentiana aquatica var. pseudoaquatica(Kusn.) S. Agrawal
76 Gentianaceae Gentiana takahashii T. Mori Gentiana squarrosa Ledeb.
77 Geraniaceae Geranium koreanum Kom. var. hirsutum Nakai Geranium koreanum Kom.
78 Geraniaceae Geranium taebaekense S.J. Park & Y.S. Kim Geranium koreanum Kom.
79 Geraniaceae Geranium knuthii Nakai Geranium wilfordii Maxim.
80 Hydrangeaceae Kirengeshoma koreana Nakai Kirengeshoma palmata Yatabe
81 Hydrangeaceae Philadelphus koreanus Nakai Philadelphus tenuifolius Rupr & Maxim.
82 Hydrangeaceae Philadelphus scaber Nakai Philadelphus pekinensis Rupr.
83 Hydrangeaceae Philadelphus seoulensis Y.H. Chung & H. Shin Philadelphus tenuifolius var. schrenkii(Rupr.) J.J. Vassil.
84 Iridaceae Irisrossii var. latifolia J.K. Sim & Y.S. Kim Iris rossii Baker
85 Iridaceae Irissanguinea var. violacea Makino Iris sanguinea Donn ex Hornem.
86 IridaceaeLycorissanguinea var. koreana (Nakai)T. Koyama
Lycoris koreana Nakai
87 Lamiaceae Elsholtzia minima Nakai Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyl.
88 LamiaceaeElsholtzia splendens var. fasciflora N.S. LEE,M.S. Chung & C.S. Lee
Elsholtzia splendens Nakai ex F. Maek.
89 Lamiaceae Lamium takeshimense Nakai Lamium album subsp. barbatum(Siebold & Zucc.) Mennema
90 Lamiaceae Menthaarvensis var. barbata (Nakai) W.T. Lee Mentha arvensis var. piperascens Malinv. ex Holmes
91 Lamiaceae Scutellariaindica var. alba S. Kim & S. Lee Scutellaria indica L.
92 Lamiaceae Scutellaria indica var. coccinea S. Kim & S. Lee Scutellaria indica L.
93 LamiaceaeThymus quinquecostatus var. magnus (Nakai)Kitam.
Thymus quinquecostatus var. przewalskii(Kom.) Ronniger
94 Liliaceae Allium taquetii H. Lv. & Vanio Allium thunbergii G. Don
95 LiliaceaePolygonatum grandicaule Y.S. Kim, B.U. Oh & C.G. Jang
Polygonatum odoratum var. thunbergii(C. Morren & Decne.) H. Hara
96 LiliaceaePolygonatum infundiflorum Y.S. Kim, B.U. Oh & C.G. Jang
Polygonatum odoratum var. thunbergii(C. Morren & Decne.) H. Hara
97 Liliaceae Polygonatum quelpaertense Ohwi Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum(Miq.) Ohwi
98 Liliaceae Smilacina bicolor Nakai Maianthemum bicolor (Nakai) Cubey
99 LiliaceaeHemerocallis hongdoensis M.G. Chung &S.S. Kang
Hemerocallis hakuunensis Nakai
100 LiliaceaeHemerocallis taeanensis S.S. Kang & M.G. Chung
Hemerocallis citrina Baroni
101 Loganiaceae Gardneria insularis Nakai Gardneria nutans Siebold & Zucc.
102 NympaeaceaeNymphaea tetragona var. minima (Nakai)W.T. Lee
Nymphaea tetragona Georgi
103 Oleaceae Ligustrum acutissimum Koehne Ligustrum leucanthum (S.Moore)P.S. Green
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8 102 1 (2013)
Table 5. Continued.
Family Scientific Name Vernacular Correct name
104 Oleaceae Ligustrum foliosum Nakai Ligustrum ovalifolium Hassk.
105 Oleaceae Syringa patula var. venosa (Nakai) M.Y. Kim Syringa pubescens subsp. patula (Palib.)M.C. Chang & X.L. Chen
106 Oleaceae Forsythia ovata Nakai Forsythia japonica Makino
107 Oleaceae Forsythia saxatilis (Nakai) Nakai Forsythia viridissima Lindl. var. koreanaRehder
108 Oleaceae Forsythia velutina Nakai Forsythia japonica Makino
109 Orchidaceae Calanthe coreana Nakai Calanthe discolor Lindl.
110 OrchidaceaeLiparis pterosepala N.S. Lee, C.S. Lee &K.S. Lee
Liparis kuomokiri F.Maek.
111 OrchidaceaeLiparis yongnoana N.S. Lee, C.S. Lee &K.S. Lee
Liparis makinoana Schltr.
112 Orchidaceae Oreorchis coreana Finet Oreorchis patens subsp. coreana (Finet)Y.N. Lee
113 Orchidaceae Liparis koreana (Nakai) Nakai Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw.
114 OrobanchaceaeOrobanche filicicola Nakai ex Hyun, Y.S. Lim & H.C. Shin
Orobanche pycnostachya var. amuren-sis Beck
115 Papaveraceae Coreanomecon hylomeconoides Nakai Chelidonium hylomeconoides (Nakai)Ohwi
116 Phytolaccaceae Phytolacca insularis Nakai Phytolacca japonica Makino
117 Pinaceae Picea pungsanensis Uyeki Picea koraiensis Nakai
118 Poaceae Calamagrostis paishanensis Nakai Calamagrostis angustifolia Kom.[= C. purpurea (Trinius) Trinius ?]
119 PoaceaeCalamagrostis, arundinacea subsp. hymenoglossa (Ohwi) T. Koyama
Calamagrostis arundinacea (L.) Roth
120 Poaceae Festuca ovina var. koreanoalpina Ohwi Festuca ovina L.
121 Poaceae Festucaovina var. chosenica Ohwi Festuca ovina L.
122 PoaceaeMiscanthus oligostachyus subsp. intermedius(Honda) T. Koyama
Miscanthus oligostachyus Stapf
123 Poaceae Poa takeshimana Honda Poa matsumurae Hack.
124 Poaceae Sasa chiisanensis (Nakai) Y.N. Lee Sasa borealis (Hack.) Makino & Shibata
125 Poaceae Sasa coreana Nakai () Sasa kurilensis (Rupr.) Makino & Shibata
126 Poaceae Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai Sasa palmata (Bean) Nakai
127 Polygonaceae Aconogonon brachytrichum (Ohwi) Sojak Polygonum brachytrichum Ohwi
128 Polygonaceae Aconogonon mollifolium H. Hara Pleuropteropyrum mollifolium Kitag.
129 Primulaceae Lysimachia coreana Nakai Lysimachia davurica Ledeb.
130 PrimulaceaePrimula modesta var. hannansanensisT. Yamaz.
Primula modesta Bisset & S. Moore
131 Ranunculaceae Berberis koreana var. ellipsoidea Nakai Berberia koreana Palib.
132 RanunculaceaeCimicifuga austrokoreana H.W. Lee &C.W. Park
Actaea austrokoreana (H.W. Lee &C.W. Park) Cubey
133 Ranunculaceae Cimicifuga heracleifolia var. bifida Nakei Actaea bifida (Nakai) J.Compton
134 Ranunculaceae Callianthemum insigne (Nakai) Nakai Callianthemum insigne (Nakai) Nakai
135 Ranunculaceae Eranthis byunsanensis B.Y. Sun Eranthis pinnatifida Maxim.
136 Ranunculaceae Eranthis pungdoensis B.U. Oh Eranthis pinnatifida Maxim.
137 Ranunculaceae Hepatica insularis Nakai Anemone hepatica var. japonica (Nakai)Ohwi
138 Ranunculaceae Pulsatilla nivalis Nakai Pulsatila cernua (Thunb.) Bercht. & J. Presl
139 Ranunculaceae Clematis calcicola J.S. Kim Clematis koreana Kom.
140 Ranunculaceae Aconitium chiisanense Nakai Aconitum jaluense Kom.
141 Ranunculaceae Aconitum pseudolaeve Nakai Aconitum longecassidatum Nakai
142 Ranunculaceae Aconitum pteropus Nakai Aconitum longecassidatum Nakai
143 Ranunculaceae Aconitum quelpaertense Nakai Aconitum longecassidatum Nakai
144 Rosaceae Aruncus aethusifolius (H. Lv.) Nakai Aruncus sylvester Kosteletzky ex Maxim.
145 Rosaceae Cotoneaster wilsonii Nakai Cotoneaster multiflorus Bunge
146 Rosaceae Physocarpus insularis (Nakai) Nakai Spiraea chamaedryfolia var. ulmifolia(Scop.) Maxim.
147 Rosaceae Potentilla dickinsii var. glabrata Nakai Potentilla ancistrifolia var. dickinsii(Franch. & Sav.) Koidz.
-
9
Table 5. Continued.
Family Scientific Name Vernacular Correct name
148 Rosaceae Prunus ishidoyana Nakai Prunus japonica Thunb.
149 Rosaceae Rosa kokusanensis Nakai Rosa lucieae Franch. & Rochebr. ex Crep.
150 Rosaceae Rubus hongnoensis Nakai Rubus pungens Cambess.
151 Rosaceae Rubus schizostylus H. Lv. Rubus coreanus Miq
152 Rosaceae Sorbus amurensis var. rufa Nakai Sorbus pohuashanensis (Hance) Hedl.
153 Rosaceae Spiraea chartacea Nakai Spiraea chinensis Maxim.
154 Rosaceae Filipendula formosa Nakai Filipendula glaberrima (Nakai) Nakai
155 Rosaceae Pourthiaea villosa var. brunnea Nakai Photinia villosa (Thunb.) DC.
156 Rosaceae Rosa maximowicziana var. pilosa (Nakai) Nakai Rosa maximowicziana Regel
157 Rosaceae Rubus takesimensis Nakai Rubus palmatus Thunb.
158 Rubiaceae Asperula lasiantha Nakai Galium platygalium (Maxim.) Pobed.
159 Rubiaceae Galium boreale var. koreanum Nakai Galium boreale L.
160 Rubiaceae Galium koreanum (Nakai) Nakai Galium bungei Steud.
161 Rubiaceae Rubia pubescens Nakai Rubia cordata Thunb.
162 Rutaceae Zanthoxylum coreanum Nakai Zanthoxylum simulans Hance
163 Salicaceae Salix pseudolasiogyne H. Lv. Salix babylonica L.
164 SalicaceaeSalix xerophila f. fuscescens (Nakai) W.G. Park
Salix bebbiana Sarg.
165 Salicaceae Salix bicarpa Nakai Salix divaricata Pall.
166 Salicaceae Salix chaenomeloides var. pilosa Kimura Salix chaenomeloides Kimura
167 Salicaceae Salix dependens Nakai Salix babylonica L.
168 Saxifragaceae Astilbe rubra var. divaricata (Nakai) W.T. Lee Astilbe chinensis (Maxim.) Franch. & Sav.
169 Saxifragaceae Astilbe rubra var. taquetii (H. Lv.) H. Hara Astilbe chinensis (Maxim.) Franch. & Sav.
170 Saxifragaceae Chrysosplenium flaviflorum Ohwi Chrysosplenium pilosum
171 Saxifragaceae Saxifraga fortunei var. pilosissima Nakai Saxifraga fortunei var. koraiensis Nakai(Liaoning)
172 Scrophulariaceae Paulownia coreana Uyeki Paulownia tomentosa Steud.
173 Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis hallaisanensis Hurus. Pedicularis spicata Pall.
174 Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis ishidoyana Koidz & Ohwi Pedicularis sceptrum-carolinum L.
175 ScrophulariaceaePseudolysimachion kiusianum var.diamantiacum (Nakai) T. Yamaz.
Pseudolysimachion kiusianum (Furumi)T.Yamaz.
176 ScrophulariaceaePseudolysimachion kiusianum var. glabrifolium (Kitag) T. Yamaz.
Pseudolysimachio kiusianum (Furumi)T. Yamaz.
177 ScrophulariaceaeScrophularia buergeriana var. quelpartensisT. Yamaz
Scrophularia buergeriana Miq.
178 Scrophulariaceae Scrophularia takesimensis Nakai Scrophularia grayana Maxim. ex Kom.
179 Solanaceae Scopolia lutescens Y.N. Lee Scopolia parviflora (Dune) Nakai
180 Theaceae Stewartia koreana Nakai ex Rehder Stewartia pseudocamellia var. koreana(Nakai ex Rehder) Sealy
181 Thelypteridaceae Phegopteris koreana B.Y. Sun & C.H. Kim Phegopteris decursive-pinnata (H.C. Hall)Fe
182 Tiliaceae Corchoropsis intermedia Nakai Corchoropsis tomentosa (Thunb.) Makino
183 Tiliaceae Tilia insularis Nakai Tilia amurensis Rupr.
184 Tiliaceae Tilia semicostata Nakai Tilia mandshurica Rupr. & Maxim.
185 Trapaceae Trapa bicornis Osbeck Trapa natans L.
186 Ulmaceae Celtis choseniana Nakai Celtis jessoensis Koidz.
187 Ulmaceae Celtis edulis Nakai Celtis jessoensis Koidz.
188 Urticaceae Pilea oligantha Nakai Pilea pumila (L.) A. Gray
189 Urticaceae Pilea taquetii Nakai Pilea pumila (L.) A. Gray
190 Urticaceae Urtica laetevirens var. robusta F. Maek. Urtica laetevirens Maxim.
191 Valerianaceae Valeriana degeletiana Nakai ex F. Maek. Valeriana sambucifolia f. dageletiana(Nakaj. ex Maekawa) Hara
192 Violaceae Viola kapsanensis Nakai Viola selkirkii Pursh ex Goldie
193 Violaceae Viola seoulensis Nakai Viola phalacrocarpa Maxim.
194 Violaceae Viola takesimana Nakai Viola acuminata Ledeb.
195 Violaceae Viola woosanensis Y.N. Lee & J. Kim Viola chaerophylloidesx V. selkirkii
196 Zosteraceae Zostera geojeensis H. Shin, Cho & Y.S. Oh Zostera caespitosa Miki
-
10 102 1 (2013)
(subendemics) (Table 8),
(Table 9),
(unresolved candidates)(Table 10)
.
.
, Kew The Plant List(http://www.theplantlist.org/
) (unresolved names)
. ,
1-2
(unresolved candidates)
.
360 ,
2
2 358.
Pimpinella brachycarpa var.
hallaisanensis W.C. Lee & G. Jang
Pimpinella hallaisanensis (W. Lee & G. Jang)
G. Jang, W.K. Paik & W.C. Lee
, (Hemerocallis hakuunensis
Nakai) 2 .
Table 6. Non-endemic species list among the national endemic plants.
Family Scientific Name Vernacular Occurrence Correct name
1 AristolocaceaeAsarum yeonbyeonense M. Kim &S. So
Jilin
2 Asteraceae Senecio birubonensis Kitam. ChinaTephroseris phaeantha (Nakai) C.Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen,
3 Asteraceae Senecio koreanus Kom. Jilin (Changbai Shan),Liaoning (China)
Tephroseris koreana (Kom.) B. Nor-denstam & Pelser
4 Campanulaceae Adenophora remotidens Hemsl. China Including Adenophora palusris Kom.
5 Crassulaceae Rhodiola angusta Nakai Russia and NE China
6 CyperaceaeCarex tenuiformis var. neofilipes(Nakai) Ohwi ex Hatusima
China
7 CyperaceaeCarex sabynensis var. leiospermaOhwi
ChinaCarex umbrosa subsp. sabynensis(Less. ex Kunth) Kk.
8 LiliaceaeLilium hansonii Leichtlin exD.D.T. Moore
S Jilin (China)
9 Poaceae Asperella coreanus (Honda) Neski
Heilongjiang, Jilin,Liaoning (China);Russia (Far East)
Hystrix coreana (Honda) Ohwi
10 Poaceae Poa kanboensis Ohwi ChinaPoa urssulensis var. kanboensis(Ohwi) Olonova & G. Zhu
11 Poaceae Puccinellia coreensis Hack ex HondaJilin, Liaoning(China)
12 Ericaceae Rhododendron saisiuense Nakai Kyushu (Japan) Rhododendron kiusianum Makino
Table 7. The hybrid list among the national endemic plants.
Family Scientific name Vernacular Comments
1 OrchidaceaeGoodyera tamnaensis N.S. LEE, K.S. LEE,S.H. Yeau & C.S. Lee
a synonym of Goodyera velutina Maxim.ex Regel
2 Salicaceae Populus tomentiglandulosa T.B. Lee
3 Ranunculaceae Pulsatilla tongkangensis Y.N. Lee & T.C. Lee natural hybrids with P. cernua?
4 Ulmaceae Ulmus mesocarpa M. Kim & S. Lee
Table 8. The list of subendemic plant species to Korea.
Family Scientific name Vernacular
1 Rosaceae Neillia uekii Nakai
2 Caprifoliaceae Viburnum carlesii Hemsl.
3 Caprifoliaceae Lonicera harae Makino
4 Liliaceae Lilium amabile Palibin.
-
11
.
(, 523)(Ministry of
Environment, 2005, Kwon et al., 2011)
(358
) 286
79.7%
54.7%. (107)
(subtotal=416, see Table 1)
68.7% .
70-80%
.
69 19.2%
(Table 3). ,
, ()
,
.
(typographic, 28),
(10),
.
(orthographic) 2
.
,
(invalidly published name) 14
(3.9%) [, , , ,
, , , ,
, , , , ,
, Table 4].
. , , ,
, , (later
homonym)
.
12
(3.4%, Table 6) . ,
95 1/4(25.1%)
.
(Rhododendron
saiuense Nakai) Nakai(1935)
Suzuki 2
( )
.
R. kiusianum Makino (Yamazaki, 1996)
.
.
, ,
, , , , ,
, , , (Table 6)
.
,
,
73
(20.4%, Table 10).
,
196(54.7%,
Table 5). ,
4(1.1%, Table 7)
.
358 59 16.5%
(Table 10, Figure 1).
3,
[Rhododendron yedoense f. poukhanense (H. Lv.) M.
Sugim. ex T. Yamaz.] [Heloniopsis
tubiflora Fuse, N.S. Lee & M.N. Tamura]
(Thuja koraiensis Nakai). ,
1-2 , ,
, (subendemics, Table
8)
.
59
8 6 23%
2 .
20
13,
40 53
14.8% .
(family)
.
-
12 102 1 (2013)
Table 9. List of accepted endemic taxa among the national endemic plants in Korea.
1 Family Scientific Name Vernacular
1 Apiaceae Bupleurum latissimum Nakai 2 Apiaceae Dystaenia takesimana (Nakai) Kitag. 3 Asteraceae Aster koraiensis Nakai 4 Asteraceae Cirsium rhinoceros (H. Lv. & Vaniot) Nakai 5 Asteraceae Cirsium setidens (Dunn) Nakai 6 Asteraceae Saussurea calcicola Nakai 7 Asteraceae Saussurea seoulensis Nakai 8 Berberidaceae Berberis koreana Palib. 9 Betulaceae Carpinus laxiflora var. longispica Uyeki 10 Brassicaceae Cardamine glechomifolia H. Lv. 11 Campanulaceae Codonopsis minima Nakai 12 Campanulaceae Hanabusaya asiatica (Nakai) Nakai 13 Caprifoliaceae Sambucus racemosa subsp. pendula (Nakai) H.I. Lim & C.S. Chang 14 Caprifoliaceae Weigela subsessilis (Nakai) L.H. Bailey 15 Caprifoliaceae Zabelia tyaihyonii (Nakai) Hisauti & H. Hara 16 Caprifoliaceae Lonicera subsessilis Rehder 17 Caryophyllaceae Silene fasciculata Nakai 18 Caryophyllaceae Silene takeshimensis Uyeki & Sakata 19 Cyperaceae Carex erythrobasis H. Lv. & Vaniot 20 Cyperaceae Carex okamotoi Ohwi 21 Ericaceae Vaccinium hirtum var. koreanum (Nakai) Kitam. 22 Euphorbiaceae Glochidion chodoense C. Lee & H.T. Im 23 Fabaceae Lespedeza maritima Nakai 24 Fabaceae Sophora koreensis Nakai 25 Fabaceae Vicia chosenensis Ohwi 26 Fabaceae Vicia hirticalycina Nakai 27 Fumariaceae Corydalis filistipes Nakai 28 Hydrangeaceae Deutzia paniculata Nakai 29 Iridaceae Iris koreana Nakai 30 Iridaceae Lycoris chejuensis K.H. Tae & S.C. Ko 31 Lamiaceae Ajuga spectabilis Nakai 32 Lamiaceae Salvia chanryoenica Nakai 33 Lamiaceae Scutellaria insignis Nakai 34 Liliaceae Heloniopsis koreana Fuse, N.S. Lee & M.N. Tamura 35 Liliaceae Hemerocallis hakuunensis Nakai 36 Oleaceae Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai 37 Oleaceae Fraxinus chiisanensis Nakai 38 Oleaceae Syringa fauriei H. Lv. 39 Oleaceae Forsythia koreana (Rehder) Nakai 40 Ophioglossaceae Mankyua chejuense B.Y. Sun, M.H. Kim & C.H. Kim 41 Pinaceae Abies koreana E.H. Wilson 42 Poaceae Miscanthus changii Y.N. Lee 43 Polygonaceae Aconogonon microcarpum (Kitag.) H. Hara 44 Polygonaceae Fallopia koreana B.U. Oh & J.G. Kim 45 Primulaceae Androsace cortusifolia Nakai 46 Ranunculaceae Aconitum austrokoreense Koidz. 47 Ranunculaceae Anemone koraiensis Nakai 48 Ranunculaceae Clematis brachyura Maxim. 49 Ranunculaceae Clematis fusca var. coreana (H. Lv.) Nakai 50 Ranunculaceae Clematis trichotoma Nakai 51 Ranunculaceae Hepatica maxima (Nakai) Nakai 52 Ranunculaceae Megaleranthis saniculifolia Ohwi 53 Rhamnaceae Rhamnus taquetii (H. Lv.) H. Lv. 54 Rosaceae Pentactina rupicola Nakai 55 Rosaceae Prunus choreiana Nakai ex H.T. Im 56 Rosaceae Prunus takesimensis Nakai 57 Salicaceae Salix koriyanagi Kimura & Goerz 58 Scrophulariaceae Euphrasia coreana W. Becker 59 Valerianaceae Patrinia saniculifolia Hemsley
-
13
Table 10. The list of unresolved candidates among the national endemic plants.
Family Scientific Name Vernarcular Occurrence
1 Apiaceae Peucedanum coreanum Nakai 2 Apiaceae Peucedanum insolens Kitag. 3 Apiaceae Tilingia nakaiana Kitag. 4 Aspleniaceae Asplenium sarelii var. anogrammoides (Christ) Tagawa 5 Asteraceae Saussurea diamantiaca Nakai North Korea
6 Asteraceae Saussurea eriophylla Kakai North Korea
7 Asteraceae Saussurea koidzumiana Kitam. North Korea
8 Asteraceae Saussurea komaroviana Lipsch 9 Asteraceae Saussurea chabyoungsanica H.T. Im 10 Asteraceae Saussurea conandrifolia Nakai 11 Asteraceae Saussurea myokoensis Kitam. 12 Asteraceae Saussurea rectinervis Nakai North Korea
13 Asteraceae Saussurea rorinsanensis Nakai North Korea
14 Asteraceae Leontopodium coreanum Nakai 15 Asteraceae Leontopodium hallaisanense Hand-Mazz. 16 Asteraceae Leontopodium leiolepis Nakai 17 Asteraceae Heteropappus chejuensis Kitam. 18 Asteraceae Hieracium coreanum Nakai (=Hieracium morii Hayata?)
19 Chenopodiaceae Axyris koreana Nakai 20 Crassulaceae Orostachys saxatilis (Nakai) Nakai 21 Cyperaceae Carex humbertiana Ohwi North Korea
22 Cyperaceae Carex ochrochlamys Ohwi North Korea
23 Cyperaceae Carex phaeothrix Ohwi North Korea
24 Cyperaceae Carex pseudochinensis H. Lv. & Vaniot
25 Cyperaceae Carex subumbellata var. koreana Ohwi 26 Cyperaceae Scleria mutoensis Nakai (=Scleria rugosa R.Br. ?)
27 Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris austriaca var. subopposita H. Ito 28 Eriocaulonaceae Eriocaulon sphanocola Ohwi 29 Fabaceae Oxytropis strobilacea Bunge 30 Fabaceae Indigofera grandiflora B.H. Choi & S. Cho 31 Fabaceae Indigofera koreana Ohwi 32 Fumariaceae Corydalis cornupetala Y.H. Kim & J.H. Jeong 33 Fumariaceae Corydalis alata B.U. Oh & W.R. Lee 34 Fumariaceae Corydalis grandicalyx B.U. Oh & Y.S. Kim 35 Geraniaceae Geranium lasiocaulon Nakai 36 Iridaceae Lycoris chinensis var. sinuolata K.H. Tae & S.C. Ko
37 Iridaceae Lycoris flavescens M. Kim & S. Lee 38 Iridaceae Lycoris uydoensis M. Kim 39 Isoetaceae Isoetes coreana Y.H. Chung & H.K. Choi 40 Isoetaceae Isoetes hallasanensis H.K. Choi, C. Kim & J. Jung 41 Isoetaceae Isoetes jejuensis H.K. Choi, C. Kim & J. Jung 42 Lamiaceae Scutellaria asperiflora Nakai 43 Liliaceae Hosta jonesii M.G. Chung 44 Liliaceae Hosta minor (Baker) Nakai 45 Liliaceae Hosta venusta F. Maek 46 Liliaceae Hosta yingeri S.B. Jones 47 Orchidaceae Habenaria cruciformis Ohwi 48 Poaceae Poa ullungdoensis I.C. Chung 49 Poaceae Poa deschampsioides Ohwi 50 Poaceae Poa kumgansanii Ohwi 51 Poaceae Arundinaria munsuensis Y.N. Lee (=Sasa borealis (Hack.) Makino ?)
52 Polygonaceae Polygonum globispicum (Nakai) C.W. Park North Korea
53 Polygonaceae Rheum coreanum Nakai North Korea
54 Primulaceae Lysimachia quelpaertensis K.H. Tae & J.S. Lee (=Lysimachia glanduliflora Hanelt ?)
55 Pteridaceae Adiantum coreanum Tagawa
56 Ranunculaceae Thalictrum osmorhizoides Nakai ()
57 Salicaceae Salix blinii H. Lv.
-
14 102 1 (2013)
,
, ,
(parents species)
,
.
( DB
) .
(http://www.nature.
go.kr/kpni/)
(, Kalopanax pictus var.
chinensis Nakai ex Handb.) , [,
Amblyotropis verna var. longicarpa (T.H. Chung) W.T.
Lee, Buxus koreana Nakai & Chung et al.]
,
. ,
DB ,
,
.
DB
,
. ,
.
DB
,
, (superfluos name)
. ,
12 6
(), 6
.
DB
.
.
. Yook and Kim(1996)
Asiasaum heterotropoides var. mandschuricum
Maxim. f. glabrata C. Yook, J. Kim & J. Nam
Table 10. The list of unresolved candidates among the national endemic plants.
Family Scientific Name Vernarcular Occurrence
58 Salicaceae Salix hallaisanensis H. Lv. (=Salix caprea L. ?)
59 Salicaceae Salix ishidoyana Nakai
60 Salicaceae Salix sericeocinerea Nakai
61 Saxifragaceae Saxifraga furumii Nakai
62 Saxifragaceae Saxifraga octopetala Nakai
63 Scrophulariaceae Euphrasia coreanalpina Nakai ex Y. Kimura North Korea
64 Scrophulariaceae Euphrasia mucronulata Nakai ex Y. Kimura (=Euphrasia coreanalpina) North Korea
65 Scrophulariaceae Euphrasia retroticha T. Yamaz. North Korea
66 Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis lunaris Nakai
67 Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis nigrescens Nakai
68 Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis resupinata var. umbrosa Kom. ex Nakai
69 Scrophulariaceae Pseudolysimachion pyrethrinum (Nakai) T. Yamaz.
70 Urticaceae Boehmeria quelpaertensis Satake
71 Urticaceae Boehmeria taquetii Nakai
72 Caryophyllaceae Silene myongcheonensis S.P. Hong & H.K. Moon North Korea
73 Poaceae Calamagrostis subacrochaeta Nakai North Korea
Figure 1. Pie chart of the categorized data (endemics, synonyms,
illegitimate, invalidly published names, non endemics, hybrids,and unresolved candidates) by percentage about the list of
national endemic plants (appendix 4-1) under the Creation and
Furtherance of Arboretums Act.
-
15
. mandshuricum
glabrata( glabratum )
.
Oh(1997) Asarum misandrum B.U. Oh & J.G. Kim
, Oh et al.(2005)
Asarum glabrata (C.S. Yook & J.G.
Kim) B.U. Oh( C.C. Yook, J.G. Kim & J.
Nam ) A. misandrum
.
, Asarum glabrata
Merrill(1942) Asarum glabrum Merr.
code 61.3 glabratum
glabrum later
homonym() .
Kew The Plant List
Asarum sieboldii f. misandrum (B.U. Oh &
J.G. Kim) Y.N. Lee
,
.
. Yamazaki
(1983) Pseudolysimachion insulare (Nakai) T.
Yamaz. Veronica insularis Nakai
Cheeseman(1896)
(later homonym)
. Pseudo-
lysimachion insulare T. Yamaz.
(code 58.1), Ohwi(1938)
Veronica nakaiana Ohwi [Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 7: 29.
1938] Yamazaki(1968) Pseudolysimachion nakaianum
(Ohwi) T. Yamaz.[J. Jap. Bot. 43: 411, 1968]
(superfluous)
(McNeill et al., 2012).
Pseudolysimachion nakaianum (Ohwi) T. Yamaz.
Veronica nakaiana Ohwi
,
Pseudolysimachion insulare (Nakai) T. Yamaz.
.
Salvia
chanryoenica Nakai.
(Nakai, 1909), Nakai Salvia chanrnica Nakai
Korea: Kyngsan: monte Changryng (T.
Uchiyama) , Flora Koreana II (Nakai,
1911) Salvia chanrynica Nakai y
. Code 60.6 oe
, Code 60.1 Salvia chanryoenica
Nakai .
DB 1
8, 2-3
(update)
,
.
.
(DB)
, DB
,
. DB
,
[DB
(Species Korea),
(Nature), (KPNI), DNA
(Plant DNA Bank in Korea), (Seeds
of Wild Plants of Korea),
(KNPRRC)]
.
,
.
,
. ,
DB
.
(bias) (Kruckberg and Rabinowitz,
1985).
.
,
3
. ,
. , ,
-
16 102 1 (2013)
.
(taxonomic inflation)
(Rao, 2004;
Chang et al., 2009).
Kew The Plant List
(accepted name)
(unresolved name)
(, , ). The Plant List
,
.
,
.
(Kato and Ebihara, 2011).
IUCN(International Union for Conservation of Nature
and Natural Resources)
,
,
. (Aster altaicus var.
uchiyamae Kitam.) A. altaicus Willd.
, , , ,
,
6
[var. altaicus, var. taitoensis Kitam., var. hirsutus
Hand.-Mazz., var. canescens (Nees) Serg., var. scaber
(Av-Lallemant) Hand.-Mazz., var. millefolius (Vaniot)
Hand.-Mazz.].
. (Urtica laetevirens
var. robusta F. Maek.) .
Urtica laetevirens Maxim.
, ,
[subsp. laetevirens subsp. cyanescens (Kom. ex Jarm.)
C. J. Chen],
(Chen et al., 2003).
. Saussurea(16), Salix(10), Carex(10
), Adenophora(9), Corydalis(8)
10% .
(, Carex) ,
. ,
16 5(Saussurea rectinervis Nakai , S.
rorinsanensis Nakai , S. conandrifolia Nakai ,
S. komaroviana Lipsch , S. myokoensis Kitam.
) , 5(S.
calcicola Nakai , S. diamantiaca Nakai ,
S. eriophylla Nakai , S. uchiyamana Nakai ,
S. koidzumiana Kitam. )
(unresolved candidates)
.
(Hemerocallis) 6 3(Hemerocallis
hongdoensis M.G. Chung & S.S. Kang, H. hakuunensis
Nakai, H. taeanensis S.S. Kang & M.G. Chung)
. Lee(1980)
Chen and Noguchi(2000)
.
3
. (Hosta, Park,
2007) 7 4
[Hosta jonesii M.G. Chung, Hosta
minor (Baker) Nakai, H. venusta F. Maek, H. yingeri
S. B. Jones]
.
, ,
(Jones and Luchsinger, 1986)
,
(Kwon et al., 2011). ,
638 93(
-
17
14.6%) . ,
[, , Rhododendron yedoense f.
poukhanense (H. Lv.) M. Sugim. ex T. Yamaz.]
.
ESA(Endangered Species Act), USFWS(U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service, 1983) IUCN(2005)
IUCN ,
.
.
196
.
.
,
(neoendemics),
(paleoendemics)
. ,
,
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Figure 2. Some examples of subendemic plant species in Korea.
-
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,
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[(
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, ]
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Figure 2).
.
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1-2
.
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.
, , , ,
(1. Taxonomic knowledge, 2. General Distribution, 3.
Available distribution information, 4. Diversity of life
forms, 5. Diversity of elevation, 6. Diversity of habitats,
7. Economic uses)
(Young, 2007).
,
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1 .
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